Detailed Structural Analysis & Design Report

[
of Residential Building

Submitted to
Aalital Rural-Municipality, Dadeldhura

Prepared & Submitted By: Owner's Name:

Adrith Engineering Consultancy Pvt Ltd Owner's Address:
BhimduttaNagar- Municipality, MahendraNagar,
Kanchanpur

Contents

List of Tables iv

List of Figuresv
Chapter 1 Introduction................................................................................................................................. 6
1.1 Introduction............................................................................................................................................ 6
1.2 Objectives and Scope of Work..............................................................................................................6
1.3 Structural Components.......................................................................................................................... 6
1.4 Codes, Standards and References.......................................................................................................7
1.5 Structural Design Methodology..............................................................................................................7

Chapter 2 Design Philosophy and Approach..............................................................................................8

2.1 Introduction............................................................................................................................................ 8
2.2 Seismic Parameters...............................................................................................................................8
2.3 Overall Design Procedure.................................................................................................................... 11

Chapter 3 Basic Materials.........................................................................................................................11

3.1 Introduction.......................................................................................................................................... 11
3.2 Concrete.............................................................................................................................................. 11
3.3 Reinforcing Steel................................................................................................................................. 12
3.4 Soil Bearing Capacity..........................................................................................................................12

Chapter 4 Modeling and Analysis.............................................................................................................12

4.1 Introduction.......................................................................................................................................... 12
4.2 Modeling of Structural System.............................................................................................................12
4.2.1 Beams........................................................................................................................................... 12
4.2.2 Roof (or Slab)................................................................................................................................ 12
4.2.3 Columns........................................................................................................................................ 12

Chapter 5 Loads........................................................................................................................................ 13
5.1 Introduction.......................................................................................................................................... 13
5.2 Gravity Load........................................................................................................................................ 13
5.3 Seismic Load....................................................................................................................................... 14
5.3.1 Code-based Design...................................................................................................................... 14
5.4 Analysis Procedures............................................................................................................................14
5.4.1 Code Based Design...................................................................................................................... 14
5.5 Component and Member Design.........................................................................................................16

Chapter 6 Structural Design Results.........................................................................................................16

6.1 Introduction.......................................................................................................................................... 16
6.2 Analysis Results.................................................................................................................................. 16
6.2.1 Base Shear................................................................................................................................... 18
6.2.2 Story Drift...................................................................................................................................... 18
6.2.3 Deformation................................................................................................................................... 19
6.3 Concrete Column Design..................................................................................................................... 20

Chapter 7 Results and Output...................................................................................................................20

7.1 Analysis for Building Block...................................................................................................................20
7.1.1 Introduction:.................................................................................................................................. 20
7.1.2 Footing Design for Residential Building Block:.............................................................................21
7.2 Typical Staircase Design.....................................................................................................................33

Chapter 8 Summary.................................................................................................................................. 36
8.1 Summary............................................................................................................................................. 36
8.1.1 Beam design summary.................................................................................................................36
8.1.2 Column Design Summary.............................................................................................................39
8.1.3 Footing Design Summary..............................................................................................................41
8.1.4 Slab Design Summary..................................................................................................................42

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 8.1.5 Staircase Design Summary...........................................................................................................42

Appendix A: Sample Design for RC Column..................................................................................................43

Appendix B: Sample Design for RC Beam.....................................................................................................44

APPENDIX C: COLUMN , BEAM CAPACITY RATIO CHECK.......................................................................45

APPENDIX D: CHECKLIST FOR RCC STRUCTURE....................................................................................46

Page iii
List of Tables
Table 1:Typical Structural Member and Components...............................................................................................................7

Table 2:Codes and Standards....................................................................................................................................................7

Table 3: Importance factor........................................................................................................................................................ 9

Table 4: Structural Performance factor...................................................................................................................................10

Table 5: Compressive Strength of concrete.............................................................................................................................11

Table 6 :Yield Strength of Reinforcing steel...........................................................................................................................12

Table 7 : Live Load and Imposed Dead Load.........................................................................................................................13

Table 8: Limit State Load Combinations used in Code-based Design.....................................................................................14

Table 9: Analysis Procedures for Code Base Design..............................................................................................................14

Table 10: Component and Member Design.............................................................................................................................16

Table 11: Beam design Summary...........................................................................................................................................38

Table 12:Column Design summary.........................................................................................................................................41

Page iv
List of Figures

Figure 1: Subsoil type Vs Time period.....................................................................................................................................9

Figure 2: Axial Force diagram (udcon1 )................................................................................................................................17

Figure 3: Shear Force diagram (udcon1).................................................................................................................................17

Figure 4: BMD-3D (udcon1)..................................................................................................................................................18

Figure 5: Displacement of 3d model (Eqy).............................................................................................................................19

Figure 6:Displacement of 3d model (EqX).............................................................................................................................20

Figure 7: FOUNDATION, BEAM & COLUMN PLAN........................................................................................................21

Figure 8: Ground Floor Reinforment required........................................................................................................................36

Figure 9:1st floor beam reinforcment......................................................................................................................................37

Figure 10:Top floor reinforcement..........................................................................................................................................37

Figure 11:staircover reinforcment...........................................................................................................................................38

Figure 12:Grid-1 reinforcment................................................................................................................................................39

Figure 13: Grid-2 Reinforment required................................................................................................................................39

Figure 14:grid-3 longitudinal reinforcment.............................................................................................................................40

Figure 15:grid-4 longitudinal reinforcment.............................................................................................................................40

Figure 16: C/B capacity ratio>1.2,ALL PASSED...................................................................................................................45

Page v
Chapter 1 Introduction

1.1 Introduction

This report presents the structure analysis and design of Residential The building is Special Reinforced Concrete
Moment Resisting Frame (SMRF) type of building. It is designed to meet both strength and serviceability requirements
when subjected to gravity and earthquake loads.
The analysis and design has been based on IS codes & Nepal building code that are in practice in Nepal. This report
consists of the design assumptions, design methodology, design inputs and outputs, and sample design of structural
members.

1.2 Objectives and Scope of Work

The main objectives of the work were to perform the structural design of the building in terms of
suitability of the structural system, cost effectiveness, efficient use of materials and other resources,
conformance to the acceptable building codes, standards and established engineering practices, with
special emphasis on the effects due to earthquakes and other applicable demands.
The scope of work is divided into two phases.
Phase I: Structural System Development
Structural system is developed to achieve the good performance and cost effectiveness in collaboration
with the project architects.
1) Review architectural drawings provided by the client and other related documents as necessary.
2) Develop structural concepts and the structural system with an objective to achieve good performance
and cost effectiveness.
Phase II: Detailed Structural Design
Structural design is carried out using state-of-the-art methodologies, techniques, technologies, and tools.
References were made to the relevant design codes, standards, and documents.
1) Develop design criteria to be used for the structural design of the building.
2) Create finite element models of the structure with varying complexities and refinements as suitable to
understand the response.
3) Carry out an analysis and design of the structure, progressively using linear-static techniques.
4) Carry out detailed design and prepare structural design drawings.

1.3 Structural Components

The components of structural system used for this report are summarized in the following table.

Table 1:Typical Structural Member and Components

Structural System Element Typical Component Types Size of

component

Special RC moment-resisting frame Foundation RC FOOTING(Combined,Isolated) VARIES

(SMRF Building)
Column RC sections 12"X12",

Beam RC sections 12"x9"

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 Plinth beams RC beam 12"x9"

Lintels RC beam 4"

Walls Non-load bearing walls 9", 4.5"

Roof system RC-Slab 5"

1.4 Codes, Standards and References

The structural design is based primarily on the current Standards of Indian & Nepal codes, which is
prevailingly adopted for the structural design of the buildings in Nepal.
The basic building codes to be referred are listed below which were followed for structural design, also
indicating their area of application.
Table 2:Codes and Standards

SNo Codes andStandards Description

.

1 IS 456: 2000 Plain and Reinforced Concrete - Code of Practice

2 NBC 102: 1994 Code of Practice for Design Loads (other than Earthquake) for Buildings
and Structures: Part 1 Dead Loads – UnitWeights of Building Material and
Stored Materials (Second Revision)
3 NBC 103: 1994 Code of Practice for Design Loads (other than Earthquake) for Buildings
and Structures: Part 2 Imposed Loads (Second Revision)
4 NBC 104: 1994 Code of Practice for Design Loads (other than Earthquake) for Buildings
and Structures: Part 3 Wind Loads (Second Revision)
5 SP 34: 1987 Handbook on Concrete Reinforcement and Detailing
6 IS 13920: 1993 Ductile detailing of reinforced concrete structures subjected to seismic
forces - Code of practice
7 NBC 105: 1994 Criteria for Earthquake Resistant Design of structures
The structural analysis and design were carried out using relevant Indian Codes of Practice. The earthquake loading were
carried out using IS1893 2002. The structural reinforced concrete design of foundation, column, beam and slab were
done based on IS 456. Also, the system has been designed to meet the ductility requirements of IS 13920.

1.5 Structural Design Methodology

SAP2000 version 22 was used for the linear static analysis and design of three-dimensional structures, in
which the spatial distribution of the mass and stiffness of the structure was adequate for the calculation of
the significant features of structures.
The structural elements of reinforced concrete were designed to Limit State Theory, while the structural
steel elements were designed to the Permissible Stress Theory. The major structural elements were
automatically designed in the programmer to IS 456 for reinforced concrete structures elements, while the
certain design calculations for those not properly figured due to the limitation of program were manually
carried out in accordance with the relevant latest standards.

Chapter 2 Design Philosophy and Approach

2.1 Introduction
This chapter presents the design philosophy and approach used in structural design of buildings.

Page 7
2.2 Seismic Parameters
This section describes the seismic parameters taken for analysis of each commercial/residential building.

Seismic Coefficient Method:

(Nepal Standard: NS 105:1994)
Horizontal Seismic Base Shear
According to Nepal Standard NS:105: 1994, the horizontal seismic shear force acting at the base of the
structure, in the direction being considered, shall be :
Vb = Cd*Wt
Where, Cd is basic seismic coefficient.
Cd =C*Z*I*K

Horizontal Seismic Forces

The horizontal seismic force at each level (i) shall be taken as:
Fi= Vb Wihi/ ΣWihi

The set of equivalent static forces specified above were assumed to act simultaneously at each level in the
direction being considered and were applied through points eccentric to the centre of rigidity.

Fundamental Natural Period(NS 105:1994):

The approximate fundamental natural period of vibration ( T ), in seconds, for moment-resisting frame
buildings without brick infill panels, was estimated by the empirical expression:
T = 0.06 h 0.75
Where
h = Height of building
Base seismic coefficient (c):
To determine the seismic load, it is considered that the country lies in the seismic zone z=0.91 according to
NBC-105. The soil is subsoil typeIII. The building is analyzed as moment resisting frame without
consideration of infill wall. Therefore the base seismic coefficient is obtained by using the following graph
of time period vs soil type:

Page 8
Figure 1: Subsoil type Vs Time period

Importance factor(I):
Importance factor for the calculation of seismic is taken as on the following type
Table 3: Importance factor

S.N Types of Building Importance factor

1 Residential Building 1
2 Public & commercial Building 1.5

Zone factore(z):
zone factors for different municipalities and other regions are given in below table and region

Structural performance factor(k):

Page 9
 The minimum permissible value of the structural performance factor, K, and associated detailing
requirements shall be as given in Table 8.2.
The structural type may be different in each of two directions in a building and in that case the appropriate
value for K shall be selected for each direction.
When more than one structural type is used in the structure, for the direction under consideration, the
structural performance factor for the element providing the majority of the seismic load resistance shall be
applied provided that the elements of the other structural types have the ability to accept the resulting
deformations.
Table 4: Structural Performance factor

s.n Structural type Minimum detailing requirements Structural

performance factor(k)

1 Ductile moment-resisting frame Must comply with the detailing for ductility 1.0
requirements.
2 Frame as in 1 with reinforced concrete shear walls Reinforced concrete shear walls must comply with 1.0
appropriate3 detailing for ductility requirement
3 Frame as in 1(a) with masonry infills Must comply with the detailing for ductility 21.2
requirements.
4 Frame as in 1 with either steel bracing members Steel bracing members must comply with the 1.51.2
detailed for ductility or reinforced concrete infill detailing for ductility requirements NBC 111-94.
panels

2.3 Overall Design Procedure

Analysis and design of the buildings was performed according to the following steps for each structural
system.

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 Planning & Architectural drawings

Structural members Preliminary Design

SAP or Etabs Modelling

Loap Application(DL , LL , E-quake, wind etc.)

Analysis (linear static or dyanmic)& Checks( torsional irregularity, drift, soft storey, mass irregularity

Design(IS456:2000) & Checks

Modification (if needed)

Preparation of Structural drawings

Chapter 3 Basic Materials

3.1 Introduction
This chapter presents the strength of materials used in the design of structural components.

3.2 Concrete

The minimum compressive, used in different types of structural components are shown in the following
table.
Table 5: Compressive Strength of concrete

f'c (Nominal) f'c (Expected)

Standard Member
(MPa) (MPa)
NBC 102 : Footings 20 20
1994
NBC 102 : Beams 20 20
1994
NBC 102 : Columns 20 20
1994

3.3 Reinforcing Steel

Minimum yield strength of reinforcing steel to be used in the design is shown in the following table.
Table 6 :Yield Strength of Reinforcing steel

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 fy (Nominal) fy (Expected)
Diameter
(MPa) (MPa)
10mm and below 415 456.5

12 mm and 500 550

above

3.4 Soil Bearing Capacity

Three types of Soil type were considered in the current design. The geometrical size of footing was
determined considering the allowable bearing capacity as 120 KN/m2 respectively.

Chapter 4 Modeling and Analysis

4.1 Introduction

This chapter presents the finite element modeling of the building, including modeling assumptions of
materials, sections, and components properties.

4.2 Modeling of Structural System

Complete, three-dimensional elastic models were created, representing the structure’s spatial distribution
of the mass and stiffness to an extent that was adequate for the calculation of the significant features of the
building’s linear response. ETABS was used as analysis tool. Nominal material properties were used in
modeling of structural components. The models include columns, beams, slabs, and roof truss.

4.2.1 Beams
Frame elements were used in modeling of beams, which includes the effects of bending, torsion, axial
deformation, and shear deformations. Insertion points and end offsets were applied to account for the finite
size of beam and column intersections, if required. The end offsets may be made partially or fully rigid
based on engineering judgment to model the stiffening effect that can occur when the ends of an element
were embedded in beam and column intersections.

4.2.2 Roof (or Slab)

Concrete thin shell elements were used in modeling of slab. Slab should be design in such a way that its
thickness is suitable on application of all loads within its maximum deflection criteria.

4.2.3 Columns
Frame elements were used in modeling of columns, which includes the effects of biaxial bending, torsion,
axial deformation, and biaxial shear deformations. Insertion points and end offsets were applied to account
for the finite size of beam and column intersections, if required. The end offsets may be made partially or
fully rigid based on engineering judgment to model the stiffening effect that can occur when the ends of an
element were embedded in beam and column intersections.

Chapter 5 Loads

5.1 Introduction
This chapter presents the design loads considered in the structural design, including gravity loads and
seismic loads.

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5.2 Gravity Load

Self-weight of the structure was considered as dead load and finishes and partitions were considered as
imposed dead load. Live load was determined in accordance with occupancy or use. The following loads
are in addition to the self-weight of the structure. The minimum loading requirements were taken from NS
101-1994.

WALL LOAD CALCULATIONS

S.N Wall type Unit Wall Floor Slab Beam Clear Load
weight(k Thicknes Height( Depth( Depth( Height( Applied(k
N/m3) s(mm) mm) mm) mm) mm) N/m)
1 FULL BRICK 19.2 250 3048 125 300 2623 11.583
WALL
                 
  Full Brick             8.108
Wall with
Openings
(applied
70% of (1))
                 
2 HALF 19.2 120 3048 125 300 2623 5.792
  BRICK              
WALL(PAR
TITION)
                 
  Half Brick             4.054
Wall with
Openings
(applied
70% of (2))
                 
3 Parapet 19.2 120 0 0 0 120 2.650
Wall 0

Table 7 : Live Load and Imposed Dead Load

Occupancy or Live Load Imposed Dead Load

Use
Bedrooms 2.5 KN/m2 To be computed for actual finishes and partitions
Corridors 4.0 KN/m2 To be computed for actual finishes and partitions
Roof 0.75 KN/m2 To be computed for inaccessible except for maintenance

5.3 Seismic Load

The basic seismic input was determined from NS 105:1994

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 Seismic weight: Comprises Dead Load+ 25% of Live Load (as per IS Code for live load intensity
2
 3 KN/m )

Seismic wt. at ith floor level (W I) = (Total dead load of all components i.e. Beam, Slab, Columns And Walls
for ½ height above and ½ height below the floor level + 25% of live load)

n
Total Weight of the frame, W=  Wi Where, n = total number of storey
I=1

5.3.1 Code-based Design

5.3.1.1 Combinations for Limit State Method (NS 105:1994)

Limit State Method design load combinations used in code-based design are shown in the following table.
(Ref: IS 1893:2002)
Table 8: Limit State Load Combinations used in Code-based Design

No. Load Combination

1 1.5(DL+LL)

2 1.2(DL+LL±EL)

3 1.5(DL±EL)

4 0.9DL ± 1.5 EL

where: DL = Dead load

LL = Live load
EL = Earthquake load
Live load was not included in the mass calculations.

5.4 Analysis Procedures

5.4.1 Code Based Design

Analysis procedure of the code-based design was shown in the table below.
Table 9: Analysis Procedures for Code Base Design

LOAD CASE ANALYSIS

PROCEDURES
Gravity load Linear Static
Earthquake Linear Static
load
Live Load Linear Static

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5.4.1.1 Base Shear & Distribution of Base Shear
The seismic weight at each level, Wi, were taken as the sum of the dead loads and the seismic live loads
between the mid-heights of adjacent storeys. 100% of dead load, superimposed dead load and 25% of live
load upto 3 kN/m 2 and 50% of live load above 3 KN/m 2were considered as mass source.

As Per NBC 105:

Total Horizontal Base Shear V= C d  W

Where, Cd = CZIK

Location of site = Dadeldhura, Aalitaal    

Type of building = Residential  
Importance factor
(I) = 1  
   
Zone z = 1.1  
Performance
factor k = 1  
NO OF STOREY = 4  
Height of building = 12.192 m  
   
As per clause 7.3 of NBC 105 fundamental time period of building is given by
T = 0.391 sec  
   
For this time period and Type III soil Basic seismic
coefficient  
C = 0.08 [fig 8.1 NBC 105 ]  
Design base shear
coefficient Cd = 0.088  
   
Seismic weight = 3279.75 kN  
Base shear = 288.62 kN  
   
             

5.4.1.2 Linear Static Procedure (LSP)

Linear static analysis was carried out for gravity and earthquake loadings.

5.5 Component and Member Design

The structural components were designed to satisfy the strength and ductility requirements. Strength
capacities for different types of actions considered in the design are summarized in the table below.
Table 10: Component and Member Design

Structural System Component Design Approach/Consideration Code Reference

Special RC moment Resisting RC beams Flexural response IS 456:2000
frame Shear
RC columns Compression IS 456:2000
Flexure

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 Shear
Footings Bearing capacity of soil IS 456:2000
Flexural, shear
RC connections Moment connections IS 456:2000
Shear connections

Chapter 6 Structural Design Results

6.1 Introduction
This chapter presents the analysis and design results of the building. The structural components were
designed to resist the elastic demand forces considering R factor using seismic coefficient analysis method.

6.2 Analysis Results

The analysis results for the building are tabulated in section capture 7. Axial force diagram, Bending
Moment diagram, Shear Force diagram for certain load combinations are given below

Figure 2: Axial Force diagram (udcon1 )

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Figure 3: Shear Force diagram (udcon1)

Figure 4: BMD-3D (udcon1)

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6.2.1 Base Shear
The base shear was compared in the above tie beam level. Total weight of building above tie beam level
and base shear is shown as in table in capture 7 below.Base shear distribution is given below

6.2.2 Story Drift

Maximum drift was calculated based on the SMRF structure. The deflection deviation from SAP2000 uses
to obtain the maximum drift for center of diaphragm for individual floor

Drift check(Y-direction)
Store height( Absolute Relative permissible chec
LoadCase
y m) Drift(mm) Drift(mm) drift k
Groun
EqX 3.048 0 12.192 OK
d 0
1st EqX 3.048 3.65 3.65 12.192 OK
2nd EqX 3.048 7.45 3.8 12.192 OK
3rd EqX 3.048 10.44 2.99 12.192 OK
4th EqX 3.048 11.28 0.84 12.192 OK

Overall height = 12.192

Max drift = 9.55
Permissible
= Safe
drift 48.768

Drift check(X-direction)
Store height( Absolute Relative permissible chec
LoadCase
y m) Drift(mm) Drift(mm) drift k
Groun
EqY 3.048 0 12.192 OK
d 0
1st EqY 3.048 3.7 3.7 12.192 OK
2nd EqY 3.048 7.7 4 12.192 OK
3rd EqY 3.048 9.55 1.85 12.192 OK
4th EqY 3.048 11.56 2.01 12.192 OK

6.2.3 Deformation
Maximum deformation of the building for static earthquake load condition for X and Y direction was checked
from SAP2000 model. Deformed value of the structure is tabulated in capture 7. Deflected shape of building
in x-dir and y-dir due to Eqx & Eqy respectively are shown below

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Figure 5: Displacement of 3d model (Eqy)

Figure 6:Displacement of 3d model (EqX)

6.3 Concrete Column Design

The concrete column was designed using various sections with reference IS 456. The minimum size of
column was designed considering the ductile detailing with reference to IS 13920. Section input to be
provided is as shown in below diagrams

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 Foundation Design
Foundation was designed as an isolated footing. The dimension of the foundation was calculated based on
120 kN/m 2 soil bearing capacity. The thickness of 350 mm footing was used for the foundation. The
thickness was checked under punching shear and size of footing was determined considering nominal load
transfer mechanism from the column to foundation below.

Chapter 7 Results and Output

7.1 Analysis for Building Block

7.1.1 Introduction:
This chapter presents the finite element modeling of the building as mansion in chapter 2, including
modeling assumptions of materials, sections, components properties and design and result of the building

Figure 7: FOUNDATION, BEAM & COLUMN PLAN

Page 20
7.1.2 Footing Design for Residential Building Block:
Foundation was designed as Isolated footing based on 120 kN/m 2 bearing capacity dimension of footing
was calculated. The thickness was checked under punching shear. The thickness of foundation used for
calculation was 350 mm.

JOIN
T DL(KN) LL(KN) AXIAL LOAD(KN)
J-1 137.466 18.391 155.857
J-2 191.843 31.366 223.209
J-3 191.952 31.428 223.38
J-4 137.739 18.491 156.23
J-5 256.653 33.576 290.229
J-6 339.713 57.062 396.775
J-7 340.624 56.877 397.501
J-8 259.145 33.74 292.885
J-9 185.491 21.121 206.612
J-10 236.248 35.752 272
J-11 222.026 24.052 246.078
J-12 181.953 10.392 192.345
J-13 118.817 9.918 128.735
J-14 167.435 16.92 184.355
J-15 152.815 5.536 158.351
J-16 115.298 -0.029 115.269

Typical Footing Design for Building Block (Combined Eccentric Footing)

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Typical Slab Design

SLAB DESIGN
Input Calculation Output Date : 02 October 2020
2
Slab Mark S1 Floor Finish (w sdl) 1.50 kN/m
2 1.5 2
Overall Depth (D) 125 mm Live Load (w sl) 3.00 kN/m
2
Effective Cover (d') 20 mm Other Loads (w vl) 2 1.00 kN/m
2
Grade of Concrete (fck) 7 Self Weight (wdl) 3.13 kN/m
2
Grade of Steel (fy) Total Load (w) 8.63 kN/m
2
Clear Span in Shorter Direction (l x) 4.42 m Factored Total Load (w u ) 12.94 kN/m
Clear Span in Longer Direction (l y) 3.66 m Edge Support Condition
Reinforcement Details
Diameter of Bars along Shorter Direction at Mid-span (φ x-mid ) 10 mm Diameter of Bars along Shorter Direction at Support (φ x-sup ) 10 mm
Diameter of Bars along Longer Direction at Mid-span (φ y-mid) 8 mm Diameter of Bars along Longer Direction at Support (φ y-sup ) 8 mm
Spacing for Bars along Shorter Direction at Mid-span (sx-mid ) #N/A Spacing for Bars along Shorter Direction at Support (s x-sup ) #N/A
Provided Spacing for Bars along Shorter Direction at Mid-span 150 mm Provided Spacing for Bars along Shorter Direction at Support 200 mm
Spacing for Bars along Longer Direction at Mid-span (sy-mid ) 125 mm Spacing for Bars along Longer Direction at Support (s y-sup ) 75 mm
Provided Spacing for Bars along Longer Direction at Mid-span 250 mm Provided Spacing for Bars along Longer Direction at Support 450 mm
#N/A
Corners Lift-up? 1 Ast, torsion 392.70 mm2
Diameter of Bars in Mesh (φ t) 10 mm Spacing of Bars in Mesh (st) 200 mm
Provide 10 mm φ @ 200 mm c/c both ways at top and bottom at each corner over an area 890 mm × 890 mm
Strength Criteria
pt,lim 0.96 % pt,provided 0.50 %
Design is Safe for Strength Criteria
Deflection Criteria
Middle Support
(l/d)max #N/A #N/A
Shorter Direction
(l/d)provided 43.10 43.10
(l/d)max N/A N/A
Longer Direction
(l/d)provided N/A N/A
Design is Safe for Deflection Criteria
Shear Criteria
Design is Safe for Shear Criteria

DRAW
10 φ @ 200 mm

10 φ @ 150 mm 10 φ @ 200 mm
4.42 m

8 φ @ 250 mm 8 φ @ 450 mm

3.66 m

Page 31
 Support αX+ αX- αY+ αY-
1 0 0.5 0 0
2 0.125 0 0 0
-
3 0.0625 0.08333333 0 0
3
-
0.0833333
3 0.11111111 0 0
33
1
0.0833333
4 -0.1 0 0
33
-
4 0.1 0.11111111 0 0
1
5 #N/A #N/A 0.035 0.047
14 #N/A 0 #N/A 0
9.2716189 12.450459
Mu #N/A #N/A
45 73
1.0060350 1.3509613
R #N/A #N/A
42 42
0.2969577 0.4088925
pt #N/A #N/A
45 94
Ast #N/A #N/A 371.2 511.12
s #N/A #N/A 125 75
Clear Cover 15 15 25 25
deff, provided 105 105 96 96
523.59877 392.699081 201.06192 111.70107
Ast, provided
56 7 98 21
0.4986655 0.37399912 0.2094395 0.1163552
pt, provided
01 5 1 83
444.37969 1101.3912
fst #N/A #N/A
97 55
kt #N/A #N/A #DIV/0! #DIV/0!

Page 32
 (l/d)max #N/A #N/A N/A N/A
(l/d)provided 43.1 43.1 N/A N/A
Fail in Deflection
#N/A #N/A 0 0
if 1
0.6231672 0.54537545 0.4258170
τc 0.364
72 4 91
τc,max 2.8 2.8 2.8 2.8
29.271093 29.2710937 24.354843 24.354843
Vu
75 5 75 75
0.2787723 0.27877232 0.2536962 0.2536962
τv
21 1 89 89
Fail in Shear if 1 0 0 0 0

Calculation Section
Table 12, Clause 24.2 - IS 456
Cantilever Cantilever

Simply Supported on all Four Edges Interior Panel

Continuous Interior Panel One Short Edge Discontinuous

Continuous End Panel One Long Edge Discontinuous

Cantilever 1 Two Adjacent Edges Discontinuous

Interior Panel 2 Two Short Edges Discontinuous

One Short Edge Discontinuous 3 Two Long Edges Discontinuous

One Long Edge Discontinuous 4 One Long Edge Continuous

Two Adjacent Edges Discontinuous 5 One Short Edge Continuous

Two Short Edges Discontinuous 6 Four Edges Discontinuous

Two Long Edges Discontinuous 7 Simply Supported on all Four Edges

One Long Edge Continuous 8

One Short Edge Continuous 9 5

Four Edges Discontinuous 10

Simply Supported on all Four Edges 11

7.2 Typical Staircase Design

DESIGN OF STAIR CASE SPANNING LONGITUDINALLY

(Limit State Method as per IS 456-2000)

Name of Work: Dog-legged staircase

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Rise of the Step (Rise) 150.000 mm
Tread of the Step (Tread) 250.000 mm
Width of the Step (Width) 1.060 m
Span Length (L1) 0.000 m
Span Length (L2) 2.280 m
Span Length (L3) 1.000 m
kN/m
Live Load (Lload) 3.000 2
Railing Load (Raiload) 1.000 kN/m
kN/m
Finishes Load (Finload) 1.500 2
Effective Cover 15 mm
Grade of Concrete (M) 20
Grade of Steel (Fe) 415
Detailed Design of Stairs

Assuming the waist slab thickness approximately as 35-40 mm for every metre
longitudinal span.
Waist Slab thickness = (Wst) = (L1+L2+L3)x40 = 131.2 mm
Dead weight of Waist Slab on inclined area (Dlws) = Wst x 0.025
Dlws = 131.2 x 0.025 = 3.28 kN/m2
Dead weight of Waist slab on Horizontal area (Dlwsh) =
Dlws x SQRT(Rise2 + Tread2)/Tread =
3.28x SQRT(150^2 +250^2)/(250) = 3.825 kN/m2
Dead Weight of Steps (Dwsteps) = 0.5 x Rise x Conc Density =
Dwstep
s = 0.5 x 150 x 25 / 1000 = 1.875 kN/m2
Live Load on the Stair Case (as per IS 875) = 3.000 kN/m2
Finishes Load on the Stair Case (if any) (Fin. Load = 1.500 kN/m2
Loading on Spans L1 and or L3 per metre run (Landing Portion) :
Wl1 = Wl3 = (Dlws + Lload + Finload) = (3.28 + 3 + 1.5) = 7.780 kN/m
Loading on Span L2 per metre run (Flight Portion)
Wl2 = ((Dlwsh+Dwsteps+Lload+Finload)xwidth + Raiload)/width
Wl2 = ((3.825 + 1.875 + 3 + 1.5) x 1.06 + 1) /1.06 = 11.143 kN/m

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Loading Details on Stairs:

0.000 11.143 7.780

     
         

A L1 = 0   L2 = 2.28   L3 = 1 B
Ra 17.762 15.424 Rb
Reactions Ra and Rb
Taking moments of all forces about B
Ra x 3.28
= 0x0x(1+2.28+0x0.5) + 11.143x2.28(1+ 0.5x2.28) +7.78x1x0.5x1=
Ra x 4.8 = 58.2589 kN
Reaction at the support A = 17.762 kN
Rb = (0x0 + 11.143x2.28 + 7.78x1) - 17.762 = = 15.424 kN
Maximum BM Occurs at the point 'x' where SF is Zero or Changes its sign.
Point of Maximum Moment = 1.384 m
Max BM: 17.762 x 1.384 - 0 x 0 x (1.384-0.5x0) - 11.143 x 0.5 x (1.384 - 0)^2
= 13.911 kNm
20.86
Factored BM = 1.5 x 13.911 = 7 kNm
Required Effective Depth from Bending Point of View:
Mu limit
= 0.138 fck bd2
d (reqd)
= Sqrt((Factored BM/(0.138 x fck) = Sqrt((20.867 x 1e+03) /(0.138x 20))
d (reqd)
= 86.951 mm However Provide an Effective depth of 100 mm
Provide an overall depth of 120 mm
Factor Mu/bd2 = 20.8671e+03/100^2 = 2.09
Required percentage of steel (pt) = 0.672 %
Area of Steel Required = 672 mm2 12# @ 168.155 mm c/c
However provided steel = 12# @ 125 mm c/c %Ast prov = 0.904 %
1.292
Ast Provided = 904 mm2 Modification Factor for Tensile steel = 4
33.60
Allowable Span to effective depth = 3
Actual Span to effective depth = 32.80 Hence Safe

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 0
Provide 8 mm minimum distribution steel @ 0.12% of gross area = 138 mm2
Provide 8# @ 360 mm c/c

Chapter 8 Summary

8.1 Summary
Structural design was carried out for buildings. Structural system was Special moment resisting reinforced
concrete frame system with in-filled wall. Special moment resisting frame was analyzed with seismic load
from NBC 105:1994 and reinforced concrete members were designed with IS456. The outputs from both
codes were compared. The reinforced concrete section was taken from bigger value among the values
obtained from the codes. The foundations were designed as isolated footing considering the bearing
capacity of soil 120KN/m2 respectively. The proposed design satisfies the key requirement of the building
codes.

8.1.1 Beam design summary

Figure 8: Ground Floor Reinforment required

Page 36
Figure 9:1st floor beam reinforcment

Figure 10:Top floor reinforcement

Page 37
Figure 11:staircover reinforcment

Table 11: Beam design Summary

        longitudinal Reinforcment
Shear
Beam Positio Reinforcment
Storey Grid At end At mid
size n
2-16φTH+1-
Top 2-16φTH
A,B,C, 12φEX
Plinth 9"x12"
lvl D 2-16φTH+1-
Bottom 2-16φTH
,Ground 12φEX
storey , 2-16φTH+1-
1St Top 2-16φTH
12φEX
storey 1,2,3,4 9"x12"
2-16φTH+1-
Bottom 2-16φTH 8mm dia bar 2-
12φEX Legged@ 4" c/c at
2-16φTH+1- 2d distance from
A,B,C, Top 2-16φTH
9"x12" 12φEX beam joint & 6"
2nd D
Bottom 2-16φTH 2-16φTH remaining distance
storey
Top 2-16φTH 2-16φTH
1,2,3,4 9"x12"
Bottom 2-16φTH 2-16φTH
Top 2-16φTH 2-16φTH
C,D 9"x12" Bottom 2-16φTH 2-16φTH
Top Top 2-16φTH 2-16φTH
storey 3,4 9"x12" Bottom 2-16φTH 2-16φTH

Page 38
8.1.2 Column Design Summary

Figure 12:Grid-1 reinforcment

Figure 13: Grid-2 Reinforment required

Page 39
Figure 14:grid-3 longitudinal reinforcment

Figure 15:grid-4 longitudinal reinforcment

Page 40
Table 12:Column Design summary

Column Design Summary

Store Column Longitudinal Reinforcment
Label
y Size area(mm2) Provided
Stirrups Grid
Ground  
C1 4-16φ+4-12φ=1256
1st  
2nd 12"x12"  
C2 8-16φ
3rd  
8φ@4"c/c near joint
      & 6"c/c near mid  
  C1- All except B2,C2  
  C2- B2,C2      

8.1.3 Footing Design Summary

Isolated Footing Reinforcement Details

Reinforcement in x Concrete
Footing Footing depth
-direction & y- Footing
Size(m) edge depth
from Ground
Type direction depth
level
12mm Ø @ 6" 12mm Ø @ 6" 12mm Ø @ 6"
12mm Ø @ 6" spacing
F-1 1.53x1.83 spacing on both spacing on spacing on both
on both side
side both side side
12mm Ø @ 6" 12mm Ø @ 6" 12mm Ø @ 6"
12mm Ø @ 6" spacing
F-2 3x1.83 spacing on both spacing on spacing on both
on both side
side both side side
12mm Ø @ 6" 12mm Ø @ 6" 12mm Ø @ 6"
12mm Ø @ 6" spacing
F3 3.6x1.5 spacing on both spacing on spacing on both
on both side
side both side side
12mm Ø @ 6" 12mm Ø @ 6" 12mm Ø @ 6"
12mm Ø @ 6" spacing
F4 3.84X2.1 spacing on both spacing on spacing on both
on both side
side both side side
F1 A1,A2,D1,D2
F2 BC1,BC2
F3 B34,C34
F4 A34,D34

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8.1.4 Slab Design Summary
  Critical panel bar size Spacing Thickness  

Slab Type majo-dir minor-dir (inch) Remarks

Two-way   8mm 150mm - 5" M20

8mm - 150

8.1.5 Staircase Design Summary

  Spacing Thickness  
bar size
Slab Type Lateral trasverse (inch) Remarks

12mm 150mm - 5"

Flight &
M20
Landing
8mm - 250mm 5"

Page 42
Appendix A: Sample Design for RC Column
SAP2000 V20 Concrete Frame Design

Page 43
Appendix B: Sample Design for RC Beam
SAP2000 V20 Concrete Frame Design
IS 456:2000 Beam Section Design

Page 44
APPENDIX C: COLUMN , BEAM CAPACITY RATIO CHECK

C/B ratio
Ratio of flexural capacity of Beam/column is computed to preclude the formation of plastic hinges in columns for
obvious reasons. 
Sum of flexural capacities of column at a joint should be 1.2 times the capacities of beam framing into the joint in
particular direction.
When capacity is exceeded, we can increase the size of column, or reduce the size of beam, or play with
reinforcement of members. It has nothing to do with redistribution of moments; If both end of column will yield,
during a seismic event, in a particular story, structure will most probably collapse. In a frame, that is resisting
lateral loads, you cannot take away the ability of beam to develop negative moment; if you do not provide top
reinforcement, it will not be called a moment resisting frame, and will not resist lateral loads.

Figure 16: C/B capacity ratio>1.2,ALL PASSED

APPENDIX D: CHECKLIST FOR RCC STRUCTURE

Ministry of Urban Development

Page 45
 Department of Urban Development & Building Constrution
Building Code Division
Babarmahal, Kathmandu

NBC Compliance Check list on Structural Analysis & Design for RCC

Adopted
S.No Description Quantity Unit Remarks
Code
     
A General Information:  
A.1 Owner’s Name:  
  Address:  

  Plinth Area: 961 sqft    

  Plot no:        

A.3 Types of Building: Residential

A.4 Structural Designed By:  

  Consultancy Firm: Adrith Engineering Consultancy pvt ltd

  Designers’ Name: Dambar Mouny
Nepal Engineering Council
 
No:
21461 Civil "A"
     

B Geometrical Configuration of Building:      

B.1 No. of Block: 1      

B.2 No. of Story: 4      

B.3 Story Height:        

  Basements 0      

  Ground Floor 3.048 m    

  Typical 3.048 m    

B.4 No. of columns: 16 no    

B.5 No. of Lift: 0      

B.6 No. of staircase: 1 no    

B.7 Total height of structure: 12.192 m    

Total height for Fundamental

B.8
time period calculation:
12.192 m    

Height to width ratio of

B.9 1.29      
building:

Length to width ratio of

B.10 1      
building:

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C Geological Investigation:        

Geological Investigation
i) Yes No
Conducted

  If No        

Adopted Value as per NBC

C.9 205 Table 120 kN/m2    
3.1

Site Consideration as per NBC

C.10 Yes No
108?

       

D Structural Analysis and Design Procedure:      

Structural Analysis Software:

D.1 SAP2000 v22      
(version)
D.2 Structural System: SMRF      

D.3 Foundation System: ISOLATED(Sloped)      

D.4 Loading Parameters:        

  i. Dead Load: ……………. (As per NBC102:1994)
 
  ii. Live Load: ……………. (As per NBC 103:1994)
    …………….      
  iii. Other Load if any        
D.5 Concrete Grade Used : M20   Column
  Foundation, Beam,
    M20  
Slab

D.6 Reinforcement Grade Used: Fe500      

 
Reinforcement Grade Used for      
Fe415
shear:

Mechanical Properties of other

D.7        
construction materials used:

  i. Brick 18 kN/m3    

kN/m
  ii. Steel Section 75..8    
3
kN/m
  iii. RCC 25    
3
kN/m
  iii. PCC 24    
3

Page 47
 Seismic Load (AS per
D.8 NBC105 or        
IS 1893:2002) :-
D.8.1 Zone Factor (Z): 1.1      
D.8.2 Importance Factor(I): 1     Residential
D.8.3 Soil Type:        
Fundamental Time
D.8.4 0.391 sec    
Period(Tx/y):
Response Reduction Factor
D.8.5        
(R):

Design horizontal Seismic

D.8.6 0.088      
Coefficient(Cd)):

D.8.7 Seismic Weight:(W) 3279.75 kN    

Design Seismic Base

D.8.8 288.62 kN    
Shear(Vbx/y):

D.8.9 Base Shear from Dynamic Analysis (Response spectrum analysis or time history)
  Rx=        
  Ry=        
D.8.1
Damping:        
0
           
           
           
           
D.9 Seismic Analysis Method:        

Seimic Coeffecient
D.9.1 Seismic Anlysis method      
Method

D.9.2 No. of modes Considered:        

D.9.3 Type of Modal Combination:        
Modal Mass Participation        
D.9.4
Factor:
  In X-direction        
  In Y-direction        
D.9.5 Scale Factor        
  i. Along X-direction:        
  ii. Along Y-Direction:        
D.9.6 Total Deflection of Building:        
  i. Along X-direction: 11.56 mm 49 mm permissible

  ii. Along Y-Direction: 11.28 mm 49 mm permissible

Inter Story Deflection
D.9.7 Eqx Eqy    
(Drift):
  Storey1 3.65 3.7    
  Storey2 3.8 4    

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   Storey3 2.99 1.85    
  Storey4 0.84 2.01    
Separation Between blocks if        
D.9.8
any:

D.9.9 Load Combination Considered:     (NBC105 or IS 1893:2002)

           

E. Reinforced Concrete Design        

Concrete Design code

E.1     (IS456:2000 or )
Referred:

Ductile Detailing code

E.2     (IS13920:1993)
Referred:

Typical design of structural

elements foundation, slab, (IS456:2000
E.3      
staircase, retaining or )
wall etc:
           

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