AWS D1.1/D1.1M:2015
FABRICATION
[485 MPa], tack welds outside the final weld and construc-
tion aid welds shall require the approval of the Engineer.
5.17.3 Removal. At locations other than 5.17.2, tack
welds and construction aid welds not incorporated into
final welds shall be removed when required by the
Engineer.
5.17.4 Additional Tack Weld Requirements
(1) Tack welds incorporated into final welds shall
be made with electrodes meeting the requirements of
the final welds. These welds shall be cleaned prior to
incorporation.
(2) Multipass tack welds shall have cascaded ends or
be otherwise prepared for incorporation into the final
weld.
(3) Tack welds incorporated into final welds that are
qualified with notch toughness or are required to be
made with filler metal classified with notch toughness
shall be made with compatible filler metals.
5.17.5 Additional Requirements for Tack Welds In-
corporated into SAW Welds. The following shall apply
in addition to 5.17.4 requirements.
(1) Preheat is not required for single pass tack welds
remelted by continuous SAW welds. This is an exception
to the qualification requirements of 5.17.1.
(2) Fillet tack welds shall not exceed 3/8 in [10 mm]
in size and shall not produce objectionable changes in the
appearance of the weld surface.
(3) Tack welds in the roots of joints requiring spe-
cific root penetration shall not result in decreased
penetration.
(4) Tack welds not conforming to the requirements of
(2) and (3) shall be removed or reduced in size by any
suitable means before welding.
(5) Tack welds in the root of a joint with steel back-
ing less than 5/16 in [8 mm] thick shall be removed
or made continuous for the full length of the joint
using SMAW with low-hydrogen electrodes, GMAW,
or FCAW-G.
5.18 Camber in Built-Up Members
5.18.1 Camber. Edges of built-up beam and girder
webs shall be cut to the prescribed camber with suitable
allowance for shrinkage due to cutting and welding.
However, moderate variation from the specified camber
tolerance may be corrected by a careful application of
heat.
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CLAUSE 5.
5.18.2 Correction. Corrections of errors in camber of
quenched and tempered steel shall require approval by
the Engineer.
5.19 Splices
5.19.1 Subassembly Splices. All welded subassembly
splices in each component part of a cover-plated beam or
built-up member shall be made before the component
part is welded to other component parts of the member.
5.19.1.1 Shop Splice Location. Shop splices of webs
and flanges in built-up girders may be located in a single
transverse plane or multiple transverse planes.
5.19.1.2 Cyclically Loaded Splices. For cyclically
loaded members, the fatigue stress provisions of the gen-
eral specifications shall apply.
5.19.2 Member Splices. Long girders or girder sections
may be made by welding subassemblies. Splices be-
tween sections of rolled beams or built-up girders shall
be made in a single transverse plane, when practicable.
5.20 Control of Distortion and
Shrinkage
5.20.1 Procedure and Sequence. In assembling and
joining parts of a structure or of built-up members and in
welding reinforcing parts to members, the procedure and
sequence shall be such as will minimize distortion and
shrinkage.
5.20.2 Sequencing. Insofar as practicable, all welds
shall be made in a sequence that will balance the applied
heat of welding while the welding progresses.
5.20.3 Contractor Responsibility. On members or
structures where excessive shrinkage or distortion could
be expected, the Contractor shall prepare a written weld-
ing sequence for that member or structure which meets
the quality requirements specified. The welding se-
quence and distortion control program shall be submitted
to the Engineer, for information and comment, before the
start of welding on the member or structure in which
shrinkage or distortion is likely to affect the adequacy of
the member or structure.
5.20.4 Weld Progression. The direction of the general
progression in welding on a member shall be from points
where the parts are relatively fixed in position with re-
spect to each other toward points having a greater rela-
tive freedom of movement.
5.20.5 Minimized Restraint. In assemblies, joints ex-
pected to have significant shrinkage should usually be