Old Testament Survey: CLASS 201

CLASS 201
Old Testament Survey

A Christological Approach to
Understanding the Old Testament
GROWING UNIVERSITY
A Discipleship Ministry of FBC Mt. Sterling
CLASS 201
Old Testament Survey
All Scripture is given by inspiration of God, and is profitable for doctrine,

for reproof, for correction, for instruction in righteousness.
2 Timothy 3:16
Dr. Chris Dortch, Editor
Cover: Jeremiah Lamenting at the Destruction of Jerusalem

By Rembrandt in 1630 (Public Domain)
All scripture passages used are from the New King James Version of The Holy Bible, unless otherwise stated.
WELCOME TO CLASS 201
OLD TESTAMENT SURVEY
The Gospel of Jesus Christ is not only in the New Testament; the Gospel is rooted in the Old
Testament. In fact, the Gospel narrative consists of four major themes: creation, fall, redemption,
and restoration. As we begin to work through the Old Testament, it is my hope and prayer that you
will discover the Gospel of Jesus Christ has been God’s plan from the very beginning!
The Bible is not only the historical narrative of God’s people, it is also the narrative of God’s love for
His people and the focus is upon the key personality: Jesus! Jesus was promised, pictured, and
predicted in the Old Testament and provided, proclaimed, and present in the New Testament.
Jesus explained, “These are the words which I spoke to you while I was still with you, that all things
must be fulfilled which were written in the Law of Moses and the Prophets and the Psalms concerning
Me” (Luke 24:44).
THE BASIS FOR THIS CLASS

A student of God’s word must consider the value of the Old Testament and how it applies to his or
her life own life. The Old Testament is more than an historical narrative of the Jewish people; within
the pages of the Old Testament we discover God’s earliest teachings of sin, repentance, and
justification. This course identifies the major themes of the Old Testament for a more complete,
historical, and contextual understanding of God’s revelation to man.
THE GOALS OF THIS CLASS

Upon successful completion of this course, you will be able to:
1. State the purpose of the Old Testament.

2. Summarize the dates, theme, and content of each of the Old Testament books.
3. Categorize each book by overall historical-chronological sequence.
4. Summarize the history of Israel from the time of its founding fathers to its captivity and
restoration.
5. State the role of Christ in Old Testament typologies, prophecies, and Christophanies.
PRIMARY SOURCES FOR THIS CLASS

This workbook was developed from class notes and lectures given by Dr. Ed Hindson. The contents
and basic structure were derived largely from the course textbook “A Popular Survey of the Old
Testament” (Dr. Norman L. Geisler). The bibliography is a short list of suggested books for additional
personal study.
CLASS 201: OLD TESTAMENT SURVEY page i

ABBREVIATIONS
BIBLE NAME ABBREVIATIONS
• Gen. Genesis • Eccl. Ecclesiastes
• Exod. Exodus • Song Song of Songs
• Lev. Leviticus • Isa. Isaiah
• Num. Numbers • Jer. Jeremiah
• Deut. Deuteronomy • Lam. Lamentations
• Josh. Joshua • Ezek. Ezekiel
• Judg. Judges • Dan. Daniel
• Ruth Ruth • Hos. Hosea
• 1 Sam. 1 Samuel • Joel Joel
• 2 Sam. 2 Samuel • Amos Amos
• 1 Kgs 1 Kings • Obad. Obadiah
• 2 Kgs 2 Kings • Jonah Jonah
• 1 Chr. 1 Chronicles • Mic. Micah
• 2 Chr. 2 Chronicles • Nah. Nahum
• Ezra Ezra • Hab. Habakkuk
• Neh. Nehemiah • Zeph. Zephaniah
• Esth. Esther • Hag. Haggai
• Job Job • Zech. Zechariah
• Ps. Psalms • Mal. Malachi
• Prov. Proverbs
LATIN ABBREVIATIONS
• c. Latin circa “around” or “approximately.”
• cf. Latin confer “confer” or “compare.”
• e.g. Latin exempli gratia “for example.” Literally “for the sake of example.”
• etc. Latin et cetera “and others” or “and the rest.”
• ff. Latin folio “and the following” (verses, paragraphs, pages, etc.). Literally “on the next
page.”
• i.e. Latin id est “that is.” Literally, “that is to say.”
page ii CLASS 201: OLD TESTAMENT SURVEY

COURSE OUTLINE & TABLE OF CONTENTS
PART ONE: INTRODUCTION ................................................................................................................. 1
• Jesus in the Old Testament ........................................................................................................3
• The Relationship between the Old and New Testaments .....................................................4
• The Divisions and Books of the Old Testament ........................................................................8
• The Chronology of the Old Testament ...................................................................................12
• The Languages of the Old Testament ....................................................................................12
• Study Questions (Part 1) ............................................................................................................13
PART TWO: THE BOOKS OF THE LAW ................................................................................................ 15

• The Pentateuch: The Foundation for Christ ...........................................................................17
• Genesis ........................................................................................................................................18
o Vital Statistics of Genesis
o Major Themes of Genesis
• Exodus .........................................................................................................................................28
o Vital Statistics of Exodus
o Considerations of the Exodus
• Leviticus .......................................................................................................................................34
o Vital Statistics of Leviticus
o Major Themes of Leviticus
• Numbers ......................................................................................................................................36
o Vital Statistics of Numbers
o Major Themes of Numbers
• Deuteronomy .............................................................................................................................38
o Vital Statistics of Deuteronomy
o Major Themes of Deuteronomy
PART THREE: THE BOOKS OF HISTORY ............................................................................................... 41

• The Historical Books: The Preparation for Christ .....................................................................43
• Joshua .........................................................................................................................................46
o Vital Statistics of Joshua
o Outline of Joshua
o Addressing the “Problems” of Joshua
• Judges .........................................................................................................................................48
o Vital Statistics of Judges
o Cyclical Highlights of Judges
o Addressing the “Problems” of Judges
• Ruth ..............................................................................................................................................55
o Vital Statistics of Ruth
o Outline of Ruth
o Women in the Line of Christ
• 1 & 2 Samuel ...............................................................................................................................58
o Vital Statistics of 1 & 2 Samuel
o Outline of 1 Samuel
o Outline of 2 Samuel
• 1 & 2 Kings ...................................................................................................................................62
o Vital Statistics of 1 & 2 Kings
o Highlights of 1 Kings
CLASS 201: OLD TESTAMENT SURVEY page iii

o Highlights of 2 Kings
• 1 & 2 Chronicles .........................................................................................................................73
o Vital Statistics of 1 & 2 Chronicles
o Outline of 1 Chronicles
o Outline of 2 Chronicles
• Ezra & Nehemiah .......................................................................................................................75
o Vital Statistics of Ezra & Nehemiah
o Outline of Ezra
o Outline of Nehemiah
• Esther ...........................................................................................................................................77
o Vital Statistics of Esther
o Outline of Esther
o How can we explain the absence of the name of God in Esther?
PART FOUR: THE BOOKS OF POETRY ................................................................................................. 81

• The Poetic Books: Aspiration for Christ ....................................................................................83
• Job ...............................................................................................................................................85
o Vital Statistics of Job
o Outline of Job
• Psalms ..........................................................................................................................................88
o Vital Statistics of Psalms
o Considerations of Psalms
• Proverbs .......................................................................................................................................93
o Vital Statistics of Proverbs
o Outline of Proverbs
• Ecclesiastes .................................................................................................................................96
o Vital Statistics of Ecclesiastes
o Outline of Ecclesiastes
• Song of Songs .............................................................................................................................98
o Vital Statistics of Song of Songs
o Outline of Song of Songs
o How to Interpret the Song of Songs
• Study Questions (Part 4) ......................................................................................................... 101
PART FIVE: THE BOOKS OF PROPHECY: THE MAJOR PROPHETS ..................................................103

• The Prophets: Expectation for Christ .................................................................................... 105
• Isaiah ........................................................................................................................................ 107
o Vital Statistics of Isaiah
o Outline of Isaiah
o Prophecies of Isaiah
• Jeremiah .................................................................................................................................. 113
o Vital Statistics of Jeremiah
o Outline of Jeremiah
o Major Themes of Jeremiah
• Lamentations .......................................................................................................................... 117
o Vital Statistics of Lamentations
o Outline of Lamentations
• Ezekiel ....................................................................................................................................... 119
o Vital Statistics of Ezekiel
o Outline of Ezekiel
page iv CLASS 201: OLD TESTAMENT SURVEY

o How to Interpret Ezekiel 40-48
• Daniel ....................................................................................................................................... 122
o Vital Statistics of Daniel
o Outline of Daniel
o Personal History of Daniel
o Prophetic Ministry of Daniel
PART SIX: THE BOOKS OF PROPHECY: MINOR PROPHETS ............................................................129

• Hosea ....................................................................................................................................... 131
o Vital Statistics of Hosea
o Outline of Hosea: Undying Love
• Joel ........................................................................................................................................... 133
o Vital Statistics of Joel
o Outline of Joel: Coming Day of the Lord
• Amos ......................................................................................................................................... 134
o Vital Statistics of Amos
o Outline of Amos: Judgment!
• Obadiah .................................................................................................................................. 136
o Vital Statistics of Obadiah
o Outline of Obadiah: Doom of Edom
• Jonah ....................................................................................................................................... 138
o Vital Statistics of Jonah
o Outline of Jonah: The Sovereignty of God
• Micah ....................................................................................................................................... 140
o Vital Statistics of Micah
o Outline of Micah: Salvation
• Nahum ..................................................................................................................................... 142
o Vital Statistics of Nahum
o Outline of Nahum: Judgment of Nineveh (Assyria)
• Habakkuk ................................................................................................................................. 144
o Vital Statistics of Habakkuk
o Outline of Habakkuk: Judgment of Babylon
• Zephaniah ............................................................................................................................... 146
o Vital Statistics of Zephaniah
o Outline of Zephaniah: Judgment and Restoration of Judah
• Haggai ..................................................................................................................................... 148
o Vital Statistics of Haggai
o Outline of Haggai: Finish the Job
• Zechariah ................................................................................................................................. 150
o Vital Statistics of Zechariah
o Outline of Zechariah: Coming of Christ
• Malachi .................................................................................................................................... 152
o Vital Statistics of Malachi
o Outline of Malachi: The Messiah is Coming!
• In Conclusion ........................................................................................................................... 154
APPENDIX ..........................................................................................................................................157
• Geographical Summary of Old Testament Events ............................................................ 157
• Chronological Order of Old Testament Books ................................................................... 158
CLASS 201: OLD TESTAMENT SURVEY page v

• The Tabernacle ....................................................................................................................... 158
• The Tabernacle Furnishings ................................................................................................... 159
GLOSSARY ........................................................................................................................................160
BIBLIOGRAPHY .................................................................................................................................162
page vi CLASS 201: OLD TESTAMENT SURVEY

PART ONE
Introduction
Then He (Jesus) said to them, “These are the words which I spoke to you while I was still with you, that
all things must be fulfilled which were written in the Law of Moses and the Prophets and the Psalms
concerning Me.” And He opened their understanding, that they might comprehend the Scriptures.
Luke 24:44-45
CLASS 201: OLD TESTAMENT SURVEY page 1

page 2 CLASS 201: OLD TESTAMENT SURVEY
Jesus in the Old Testament _____________
_____________
Dr. Ed Hindson affirms, “Jesus is the key personality of the Bible. He is _____________
the One God promised in the Old Testament and provided in the
New Testament. He is foreseen in the prophecies, types, and rituals of _____________
the Hebrew Bible.” _____________
Jesus made the personal claim to be the key focus of the Old _____________
Testament Scriptures: _____________
• “Do not think that I came to destroy the Law or the Prophets. I _____________
did not come to destroy but to fulfill.” Matt. 5:17
_____________
• “And beginning at Moses and all the Prophets, He expounded _____________
to them in all the Scriptures the things concerning Himself.”
Luke 24:27 _____________
• “Then He said to them, ‘These are the words which I spoke to _____________
you while I was still with you, that all things must be fulfilled _____________
which were written in the Law of Moses and the Prophets and _____________
the Psalms concerning Me.’ And He opened their
understanding, that they might comprehend the Scriptures.” _____________
Luke 24:44-45. _____________
• “You search the Scriptures, for in them you think you have _____________
eternal life; and these are they which testify of Me.” John 5:39 _____________
• “Then I said, ‘Behold, I have come – in the volume of the book _____________
it is written of Me – to do Your will, O God.’” Hebrews 10:7.
_____________
These passages provide a biblical basis for a _______________________ _____________
______________________. The Bible is to be interpreted and understood
with a view that Christ is the central personality of all Scripture (i.e. _____________
both Old and New Testaments). _____________
Dr. Norman Geisler explains, “The inseparable relationship of both Old _____________
and New Testaments centers in the person of Jesus Christ. He is the _____________
theme of both testaments, and as a result, the personality of Christ is
the unity in the plurality of the whole Bible.” _____________
Hindson writes, “Jesus often quoted the Old Testament to explain and
_____________
defend His ministry: ‘Have you never read the Scriptures …?’ (e.g. _____________
Matthew 21:42). He used the phrases ‘it is written’ (92 times) and _____________
‘that it might be fulfilled’ (33 times) to support His Messianic claims
and to emphasize the divine authority of His ministry. This can readily
_____________
be seen in the incident when John the Baptist asked, ‘’Are You the _____________
One who was to come, or should we expect someone else?’ Jesus _____________
replied, ‘Report to John … The blind receive sight, the lame walk,
those who have leprosy are cured, the deaf hear, the dead are _____________
raised, and the good news is preached to the poor’ (Matthew 11:2- _____________
5). The Savior’s response was a direct quotation of the Messianic _____________
signs as listed by the prophet Isaiah (cf. Isaiah 35:5-6; 61:1).”
_____________
A Christological hermeneutic is not an imposition on the Old
Testament, but an interpretive demand that comes from Scripture
_____________
itself.

The Relationship between _____________
_____________
the Old and New Testaments _____________
The relationship between the Old and New Testaments includes: _____________
• The continuous history of God’s people. _____________
• The same biblical concepts and themes (e.g. Acts 2:16-21, _____________
quoting Joel 2:28-32; salvation, redemption, and sacrifice). _____________
• The ultimate connection of ________________________ and _____________
_______________________ through Jesus Christ. _____________
God declared that these prophecies and their fulfillments are _____________
verification that the Bible is in fact true.
_____________
“Remember the former things of old, for I am God, and there is none _____________
like Me, Declaring the end from the beginning, and from ancient
times things that are not yet done, saying, ‘My counsel shall stand, _____________
and I will do all My pleasure” (Isaiah 46:9-10). _____________
The Old Testament demonstrates the anticipation of the coming _____________
Messiah. In fact, each of the major divisions of the Old Testament _____________
reveal a theme of anticipation.
_____________
• The Books of the Law: ________________________ for Christ
_____________
• The Books of History: ________________________ for Christ
_____________
• The Books of Poetry: ________________________ for Christ _____________
• The Books of Prophecy: ________________________ of Christ _____________
Once again, Jesus is the focus throughout the entire Bible. Each _____________
book of the Bible is a revelation of the Person of Jesus Christ.
_____________
Interestingly, even the ceremonies and historical events of the Old _____________
Testament were ordained by God to point to Christ and heavenly
things. _____________
• The ________________________ (cf. Hebrews 8:1-5) _____________
“Now this is the main point of the things we are saying: We
_____________
have such a High Priest, who is seated at the right hand of the _____________
throne of the Majesty in the heavens, a Minister of the _____________
sanctuary and of the true tabernacle which the Lord erected,
and not man. For every high priest is appointed to offer both
_____________
gifts and sacrifices. Therefore it is necessary that this One also _____________
have something to offer. For if He were on earth, He would _____________
not be a priest, since there are priests who offer the gifts
according to the law; who serve the copy and shadow of the
_____________
heavenly things, as Moses was divinely instructed when he _____________
was about to make the tabernacle. For He said, “See that _____________
you make all things according to the pattern shown you on
the mountain” (Hebrews 8:1-5). _____________
_____________

• The ________________________ (cf. John 1:29)
_____________
“The next day John saw Jesus coming toward him, and said, _____________
‘Behold! The Lamb of God who takes away the sin of the
world’” (John 1:29). _____________
• The ________________________ (cf. Hebrews 7:14-28)
_____________
“For it is evident that our Lord arose from Judah, of which
_____________
tribe Moses spoke nothing concerning priesthood. And it is _____________
yet far more evident if, in the likeness of Melchizedek, there _____________
arises another priest 16 who has come, not according to the
law of a fleshly commandment, but according to the power
_____________
of an endless life. For He testifies: _____________
“You are a priest forever _____________
According to the order of Melchizedek.” _____________
For on the one hand there is an annulling of the former _____________
commandment because of its weakness and _____________
unprofitableness, for the law made nothing perfect; on the
other hand, there is the bringing in of a better hope, through _____________
which we draw near to God. _____________
Greatness of the New Priest _____________
And inasmuch as He was not made priest without an oath _____________
(for they have become priests without an oath, but He with _____________
an oath by Him who said to Him:
_____________
“The LORD has sworn
And will not relent,
_____________
‘You are a priest forever _____________
According to the order of Melchizedek’”), _____________
by so much more Jesus has become a surety of a better _____________
covenant. _____________
Also there were many priests, because they were prevented _____________
by death from continuing. But He, because He continues
forever, has an unchangeable priesthood. Therefore He is
_____________
also able to save to the uttermost those who come to God _____________
through Him, since He always lives to make intercession for _____________
them.
_____________
For such a High Priest was fitting for us, who is holy, harmless,
undefiled, separate from sinners, and has become higher
_____________
than the heavens; who does not need daily, as those high _____________
priests, to offer up sacrifices, first for His own sins and then for _____________
the people’s, for this He did once for all when He offered up
Himself. For the law appoints as high priests men who have
_____________
weakness, but the word of the oath, which came after the _____________
law, appoints the Son who has been perfected forever” _____________
(Hebrews 7:14-28)
_____________
_____________

• The _____________ and the Wilderness (cf. 1 Corinthians 10:1-11)
_____________
“Moreover, brethren, I do not want you to be unaware that _____________
all our fathers were under the cloud, all passed through the
sea, all were baptized into Moses in the cloud and in the _____________
sea, all ate the same spiritual food, and all drank the same _____________
spiritual drink. For they drank of that spiritual Rock that _____________
followed them, and that Rock was Christ. But with most of
them God was not well pleased, for their bodies were _____________
scattered in the wilderness. _____________
Now these things became our examples, to the intent that _____________
we should not lust after evil things as they also lusted. And _____________
do not become idolaters as were some of them. As it is
written, “The people sat down to eat and drink, and rose up _____________
to play.” Nor let us commit sexual immorality, as some of _____________
them did, and in one day twenty-three thousand fell; nor let _____________
us tempt Christ, as some of them also tempted, and were
destroyed by serpents; nor complain, as some of them also _____________
complained, and were destroyed by the destroyer. Now all _____________
these things happened to them as examples, and they were _____________
written for our admonition, upon whom the ends of the ages
have come” (1 Corinthians 10:1-11). _____________
• Noah (cf. 1 Peter 3:20-21)
_____________
“who formerly were disobedient, when once the Divine
_____________
longsuffering waited in the days of Noah, while the ark was _____________
being prepared, in which a few, that is, eight souls, were _____________
saved through water. There is also an antitype which now
saves us – baptism (not the removal of the filth of the flesh, but
_____________
the answer of a good conscience toward God), through the _____________
resurrection of Jesus Christ” (1 Peter 3:20-21). _____________
• Jonah (cf. Matthew 12:39-40) _____________
“But He answered and said to them, ‘An evil and adulterous _____________
generation seeks after a sign, and no sign will be given to it _____________
except the sign of the prophet Jonah. For as Jonah was three
days and three nights in the belly of the great fish, so will the _____________
Son of Man be three days and three nights in the heart of the _____________
earth” (Matthew 12:39-40). _____________
• Melchizedek (cf. Hebrews 7:1-3) _____________
“For this Melchizedek, king of Salem, priest of the Most High _____________
God, who met Abraham returning from the slaughter of the
kings and blessed him, to whom also Abraham gave a tenth
_____________
part of all, first being translated ‘king of righteousness,’ and _____________
then also king of Salem, meaning ‘king of peace,’ without _____________
father, without mother, without genealogy, having neither
beginning of days nor end of life, but made like the Son of
_____________
God, remains a priest continually” (Hebrews 7:1-3). _____________
_____________

• Hagar and Sarah (cf. Galatians 4:22-26)
_____________
“For it is written that Abraham had two sons: the one by a _____________
bondwoman, the other by a freewoman. But he who was of
the bondwoman was born according to the flesh, and he of _____________
the freewoman through promise, which things are symbolic. _____________
For these are the two covenants: the one from Mount Sinai _____________
which gives birth to bondage, which is Hagar – for this Hagar is
Mount Sinai in Arabia, and corresponds to Jerusalem which _____________
now is, and is in bondage with her children – but the _____________
Jerusalem above is free, which is the mother of us all” _____________
(Galatians 4:22-26).
_____________
• Elijah (cf. Matthew 11:14)
_____________
“And if you are willing to receive it, he [John the Baptist] is
Elijah who is to come” (Matthew 11:14).
_____________
The relationship between the Old and New Testament concerning
_____________
Christ has been described in many ways… _____________
Old Testament New Testament _____________
Concealed Revealed
_____________
Anticipated Acknowledged
_____________
_____________
Contained Explained
_____________
Promised Proclaimed
_____________
Pictured Present
_____________
Predicted Fulfilled
_____________
“All the prophets testify about Him that through His name everyone _____________
who believes in Him will receive forgiveness of sins” (Acts 10:43 HCSB).
_____________
The Bible makes it abundantly clear that ____________ ____________ is
the central focus of all Scripture. Each book of the Bible points us
_____________
toward Him and His redeeming love for all of mankind. _____________
_____________
_____________
_____________
_____________
_____________
_____________
_____________
_____________
_____________
_____________
_____________
_____________

The Divisions and Books _____________
_____________
of the Old Testament _____________
The Three-Part Division of the Hebrew Testament _____________
The earliest divisions of the Hebrew Testament was a simple twofold _____________
division: The Law and the Prophets. However, since the fifth century
AD, the Jewish Mishnah has used a three part division.
_____________
Part 1: Law of Moses (Torah) – 5 books
_____________
• Genesis _____________
• Exodus _____________
• Leviticus
• Numbers
_____________
• Deuteronomy _____________
_____________
Part 2: Prophets (Nebhiim) – 8 books
A. Former Prophets
_____________
• Joshua _____________
• Judges _____________
• Samuel
• Kings
_____________
B. Latter Prophets _____________
• Isaiah _____________
• Jeremiah
• Ezekiel
_____________
• The Twelve _____________
_____________
Part 3: Writings (Kethubhim) – 11 books
A. Poetical Books
_____________
• Psalms _____________
• Proverbs _____________
• Job
B. Five Rolls (Megiloth) _____________
• Song of Songs _____________
• Ruth _____________
• Lamentations
• Esther _____________
• Ecclesiastes _____________
C. Historical Books _____________
• Daniel
• Ezra-Nehemiah _____________
• Chronicles _____________
_____________
The Four-Part Division of the Old Testament
Part 1: Law (5 books) _____________
• Genesis _____________
• Exodus _____________
• Leviticus
• Numbers _____________
• Deuteronomy

Part 2: History (12 books)
_____________
• Joshua _____________
• Judges _____________
• Ruth
• 1, 2 Samuel
_____________
• 1, 2 Kings _____________
• 1, 2 Chronicles _____________
• Ezra
• Nehemiah
_____________
• Esther _____________
_____________
Part 3: Poetry (5 books)
• Job
_____________
• Psalms _____________
• Proverbs _____________
• Ecclesiastes
• Song of Solomon
_____________
_____________
Part 4: Prophets (17 books) _____________
A. Major Prophets (5)
• Isaiah _____________
• Jeremiah _____________
• Lamentations _____________
• Daniel
• Ezekiel _____________
_____________
B. Minor Prophets (12) _____________
• Hosea
• Joel _____________
• Amos _____________
• Obadiah _____________
• Jonah
• Micah _____________
• Nahum _____________
• Habakkuk _____________
• Zephaniah
• Haggai _____________
• Zechariah _____________
• Malachi
_____________
The Hebrew Scriptures were translated into Greek at Alexandria, _____________
Egypt at some time between 280 and 150 BC. This translation is _____________
called the ________________________ and is abbreviated with Roman
numerals __________ (in reference to the 70 Jewish scholars who
_____________
translated the OT into Greek). This translation served as the basis for _____________
the fourfold division that is used in the modern Christian editions of the _____________
Old Testament. Jerome’s Latin Vulgate (383 – 405 AD) used this
fourfold division.
_____________
_____________
In the Christian’s Old Testament, there are 39 books and they are
organized into four major divisions.

I. The Books of the Law (5)
_____________
1. Genesis _____________
_______________________________________________________ _____________
2. Exodus _____________
_______________________________________________________ _____________
3. Leviticus _____________
_______________________________________________________ _____________
4. Numbers _____________
_______________________________________________________ _____________
5. Deuteronomy
_____________
_______________________________________________________
_____________
_____________
II. The Books of History (12)
_____________
1. Joshua
_____________
_______________________________________________________
_____________
2. Judges _____________
_______________________________________________________ _____________
3. Ruth _____________
_______________________________________________________ _____________
4. 1 Samuel _____________
_______________________________________________________ _____________
5. 2 Samuel _____________
_______________________________________________________ _____________
6. 1 Kings
_____________
_______________________________________________________
_____________
_____________
7. 2 Kings
_____________
_______________________________________________________
_____________
8. 1 Chronicles
_____________
_______________________________________________________
_____________
9. 2 Chronicles _____________
_______________________________________________________ _____________
10. Ezra _____________
_______________________________________________________ _____________
11. Nehemiah _____________
_______________________________________________________ _____________
12. Esther _____________
_______________________________________________________

III. The Books of Poetry (5)
_____________
1. Job _____________
_______________________________________________________ _____________
2. Psalms _____________
_______________________________________________________ _____________
3. Proverbs _____________
_______________________________________________________ _____________
4. Ecclesiastes _____________
_______________________________________________________ _____________
5. Song of Solomon
_____________
_______________________________________________________
_____________
_____________
_____________
IV. The Books of Prophecy (17)
_____________
Major Prophets (5)
_____________
1. Isaiah _____________
_______________________________________________________ _____________
2. Jeremiah _____________
_______________________________________________________ _____________
3. Lamentations _____________
_______________________________________________________ _____________
4. Ezekiel _____________
_______________________________________________________ _____________
5. Daniel
_____________
_______________________________________________________
_____________
_____________
Minor Prophets (12)
_____________
_______________________________________________________
_____________
1. Hosea
_____________
_______________________________________________________
_____________
2. Joel _____________
_______________________________________________________ _____________
3. Amos _____________
_______________________________________________________ _____________
4. Obadiah _____________
_______________________________________________________ _____________
5. Jonah _____________
_______________________________________________________

6. Micah
_____________
_______________________________________________________ _____________
7. Nahum _____________
_______________________________________________________ _____________
8. Habakkuk _____________
_______________________________________________________ _____________
9. Zephaniah _____________
_______________________________________________________ _____________
10. Haggai _____________
_______________________________________________________
_____________
11. Zechariah
_____________
_____________
_______________________________________________________
_____________
12. Malachi
_____________
_______________________________________________________
_____________
_____________
The Chronology of the Old Testament _____________
_____________
The following is a chronology of the major time periods of the Old _____________
Testament.
_____________
I. Primeval History: Creation – 2200 BC _____________
II. Patriarchal History: 2200 – 1850 BC _____________
III. Egyptian Bondage: 1850 – 1445 BC
IV. Exodus Wandering: 1445 – 1405 BC
_____________
V. Conquest & Settlement: 1405 – 1050 BC _____________
VI. United Monarchy: 1050 – 930 BC _____________
VII. Divided Monarchy: 930 – 586 BC
VIII. Babylonian Exile: 605 – 535 BC
_____________
IX. Post Exilic: 535 – 400 BC _____________
X. Inter-Testamental Period 400 BC – Birth of Christ _____________
_____________
_____________
The Languages of the Old Testament _____________
• Most of the Old Testament was written in ____________________. _____________
• Parts of Daniel and Ezra were written in ______________________. _____________
_____________
_____________
_____________
_____________

Study Questions (Part 1): _____________
_____________
• Define what is meant by “Christological hermeneutic.”
_____________
• What is the ultimate connection between the Old and New _____________
Testaments?
_____________
• Identify the four divisions of the Old Testament and how they
relate to Christ.
_____________
• What is the Septuagint and what three letters are used as its
_____________
Roman numeral reference? _____________
_____________
_____________
_____________
_____________
_____________
_____________
_____________
_____________
_____________
_____________
_____________
_____________
_____________
_____________
_____________
_____________
_____________
_____________
_____________
_____________
_____________
_____________
_____________
_____________
_____________
_____________
_____________
_____________
_____________

PART TWO
The Books of the Law
“This Book of the Law shall not depart from your mouth, but you shall meditate in it day and night,
that you may observe to do according to all that is written in it. For then you will make your way
prosperous, and then you will have good success.”
Joshua 1:8

The Pentateuch: _____________
_____________
The Foundation for Christ _____________
The first five books of the Old Testament (i.e. Genesis, Exodus, _____________
Leviticus, Numbers, and Deuteronomy) are known by many names. _____________
• The Law of Moses (or simply the Law): Joshua references “the _____________
Book of the Law of Moses” in Joshua 8:31-32. Some may use
the term “Mosaic Law.”
_____________
_____________
• The Torah of Moses (or simply the Torah): Torah is the Hebrew
word for “Law” or “Teachings.” Some may use the term _____________
“Teachings of Moses.” _____________
• The Pentateuch: From the Greek words “pente” meaning _____________
“five” and “teuchos” meaning “scroll, tool, or book.” _____________
The Jewish people refer to the books of Moses as the Torah or _____________
“teachings” of Moses. The term torah comes from the Hebrew term
“to shoot” an arrow. It conveys the idea of that which “hits the
_____________
mark.” These instructions include both narratives (historical events) _____________
and laws (regulations). The written Torah includes events before _____________
Moses’ time (e.g. creation, the fall, the flood, etc.) as well as after
Moses’ time (i.e. his death).
_____________
_____________
_____________
_____________
_____________
_____________
_____________
_____________
_____________
_____________
_____________
_____________
_____________
_____________
_____________
_____________
_____________
_____________
_____________
_____________
_____________

Genesis _____________
_____________
Vital Statistics of Genesis _____________
I. Authorship _____________
A. Moses _____________
1. Support from within the Pentateuch _____________
“And Moses wrote down all the words of the LORD” _____________
(Exodus 24:4 HCSB). _____________
“He (Moses) then took the covenant scroll and read it _____________
aloud to the people. They responded, ‘We will do and _____________
obey everything the LORD has commanded’” (Exodus 24:7
HCSB). _____________
Moses was instructed by the LORD to write these things
_____________
down (cf. Ex. 17:14; Num. 33:2). _____________
2. Support from the Old Testament _____________
Throughout the Old Testament, Moses is referenced as the _____________
authority behind the books of the Law. _____________
“Book of Moses” (5 times) _____________
“Law of Moses” (22 times) _____________
“Book of the Law of Moses” (4 times) _____________
“Word of the Lord by Moses” (1 time) _____________
The contents is attributed to Moses (cf. 2 Kings 2:8; 1 Chron.
_____________
15:15, 22:13, 2 Chron. 24:6, 33:8, 34:14; Neh. 1:8, 8:14, 10:29; _____________
Mal. 4:4). _____________
3. Support from the New Testament _____________
The New Testament explains that Moses was well _____________
educated in the courts of Egypt (cf. Acts 7:22). _____________
The Apostle Paul supports Moses as the author (cf. Rom. _____________
10:5, 19).
_____________
Philip identifies Moses as the author (cf. John 1:45).
_____________
The contents is attributed to Moses (cf. Matt. 8:4, 22:14; Mk.
7:10, 10:4; Lk 5:14, 20:37, 24:27; Jn. 1:45, 5:46, 7:19, 7:22, 8:5;
_____________
Acts 3:22, 15:21, 26:22; Rom. 10:5, 10:19; 2 Cor. 3:15; Heb. _____________
9:19). _____________
4. Support from Jewish History _____________
The Jewish Talmud refers to the first five books of the Bible _____________
as the “Book of Moses.” _____________
The Jewish Mishnah identified Moses as the author of the _____________
Pentateuch.
_____________
Josephus, a first-century Jewish historian, identified Moses
as the author of the Pentateuch.

5. Support from Jesus
_____________
Jesus divided the Old Testament into three sections: Moses, _____________
the Prophets, and the Psalms (cf. Luke 24:27, 44).
_____________
Jesus quoted Genesis 2:24 as coming from Moses (cf. Mark
10:4-8).
_____________
Jesus quoted the Ten Commandments as coming from
_____________
Moses (cf. Mark 7:10). _____________
Jesus refers to Deuteronomy 24:1ff as coming from Moses _____________
(cf. Mark 10:3). _____________
Jesus refers to Leviticus 14 as coming from Moses (cf. Matt. _____________
8:4). _____________
B. Critical View (Documentary Hypothesis or Wellhausen _____________
Hypothesis)
_____________
The critical view suggests that the Pentateuch was developed
by different authors and redactors (editors) with four main
_____________
sources. It is suggested that the redactors combined these _____________
four sources into their final form. _____________
1. Yahwist (J): Favors “Jehovah” names. _____________
2. Elihist (E): Favors “El” names. _____________
3. Priestly (P): Emphasizes Priestly offering. _____________
4. Deuteronomist (D): Later revision. _____________
C. Did Moses write it all? _____________
1. Moses is undoubtedly the main author of the Pentateuch.
_____________
This is heavily supported by Scripture and history. It is _____________
commonly accepted that Joshua assisted in the _____________
composition as well. Joshua was actually with Moses
when he spoke to God on Mt. Sinai (cf. Ex. 24:13) as well as
_____________
the tabernacle of meeting where Moses spoke to God _____________
face to face (cf. Ex. 33:11). _____________
“Then Joshua wrote these words in the Book of the Law of _____________
God. And he took a large stone, and set it up there under
the oak that was by the sanctuary of the LORD” (Joshua
_____________
24:26). _____________
Moses could not have written the details of his own death _____________
(cf. Deut. 34). Instead, Joshua was the likely author of the _____________
final chapter of Deuteronomy.
_____________
II. Dates _____________
A. Date Written: 1450 – 1410 BC _____________
B. Genesis covers two major periods. _____________
1. Primeval History: Human Race _____________
2. Patriarchal History: Hebrew Race _____________

C. Chronology of Events Covered in Genesis
_____________
1. Creation (unknown) _____________
2. Noah (unknown) _____________
3. Abram was born (2166 BC) _____________
4. Abram enters Canaan (2091 BC) _____________
5. Isaac was born (2066 BC) _____________
6. Jacob & Esau were born (2006 BC) _____________
7. Jacob flees to Haran (1929 BC) _____________
8. Joseph was born (1915 BC) _____________
9. Joseph rules in Egypt (1885 BC)
_____________
10. Joseph dies in Egypt (1805 BC)
_____________
_____________
III. Original Audience
_____________
A. The people of Israel.
_____________
IV. Purpose
_____________
A. Historical: Genesis is a record of God’s creation and His desire _____________
to have a relationship with a people who worship Him.
_____________
B. Christological: The foundation is laid for the need of salvation
through Christ and the plan for God’s provision (cf. Gen. 3:15). _____________
V. The Name of the Book
_____________
_____________
A. Genesis
_____________
1. The name Genesis (Greek: γένεσις) means “beginning,” _____________
comes from the LXX.
_____________
2. In the Jewish tradition the book is named from the first
word of the book: bereshit, which is translated “in the
_____________
beginning.” _____________
VI. Picture of Christ _____________
A. The ________________________ One _____________
VII. Miscellaneous
_____________
A. The book of Genesis refutes these false beliefs:
_____________
_____________
1. Atheism: No God
_____________
2. Pantheism: All is god
_____________
3. Polytheism: Many gods
_____________
4. Materialism: Matter is eternal _____________
5. Dualism: Good and evil are equal _____________
6. Humanism: Man is the measure of all things _____________
7. Naturalism: Nature is the measure of all things _____________
8. Evolution: Man evolved from lower life forms

Major Themes of Genesis _____________
I. The Creation _____________
A. The Fact of Creation (Ch. 1: Six Days of Creation Summarized) _____________
1. The Beginning of Time _____________
a. Hebrew: Bereshit, “beginning” (instantly) _____________
b. Hebrew: Elohim, “God” (plural) _____________
c. Hebrew: Bara, “Created” (to make something from
_____________
nothing) _____________
d. Latin: Ex Nihilo, “from nothing” _____________
e. Hebrew: Tohu bohu, “empty space” _____________
f. Hebrew: _____________, “day” (cf. Exodus 20:11) _____________
Days of Creation
_____________
Environment Content
_____________
Day 1: Light Day 4: Sun, Moon, Stars
_____________
Day 2: Atmosphere & Oceans Day 5: Birds & Fish
_____________
Day 3: Dry Land Day 6: Animals & Man
_____________
_____________
2. The Beginning of Life
_____________
a. Instantaneous: Spoken into existence
_____________
b. ____________________ of _________: Looks older than it is
_____________
c. Species Development: “after his kind” _____________
3. The Theories of Origins _____________
a. Literal Creation: complete in _____________ days _____________
b. Evolution: Slowly evolved over _______________ of years _____________
c. Accommodation Views: attempts to _________________ _____________
creation with evolution _____________
d. Theistic Evolution: _____ began the evolutionary process _____________
e. Day-Age Theory: days of Genesis are _____________ _____________
________________ of time (ages)
_____________
f. Revelatory Day Theory: God ______________ ___________ _____________
to Moses in six days what actually took millions of years
_____________
g. Progressive Creation: God intervened at ______________
stage of creation separately _____________
h. Gap Theory: Gap of __________________ between
_____________
Genesis 1 verse 1 and verse 2 _____________
1) Independent clause 1:1-2 _____________
2) Hebrew: Hayeta, “was” (not “became”) _____________
3) Hebrew: Tohu bohu, “empty space,”
_____________
“unformed,” and “unfilled”

4) Problems with the Gap Theory
_____________
i. ______________ before sin _____________
ii. Pre-Adamite race _____________
B. The Focus of Creation (Ch. 2: Six Days of Creation Scrutinized) _____________
1. Adam = “dust” or “earth” _____________
a. “Image of God” _____________
b. Hebrew: Ruach, “breath of life” = spirit _____________
c. Hebrew: Nephesh, “living soul” = soul _____________
2. Eve _____________
a. “Helpmate” = suitable helper
_____________
b. Hebrew: Isha, “woman” from man
_____________
_____________
c. Hebrew: Tardema, “deep sleep” cf. Gen. 15:12
_____________
d. Institution of Marriage
_____________
e. “Nakedness” = no moral shame
_____________
C. Original Creation _____________
1. Good _____________
2. Ideal _____________
3. Beautiful _____________
4. Innocent _____________
II. The Fall _____________
A. Setting: A simple ______________ __________ of obedience to _____________
confirm man’s innocence _____________
B. Situation _____________
1. The Tempter _____________
a. Serpent, “more subtle” _____________
1) Hebrew, arum, “crafty” _____________
2) cf. Matt. 10:16 _____________
b. Innocent people in a positive environment
_____________
_____________
2. The Temptation (cf. 1 John 2:16)
_____________
a. Eve listened to the voice of the serpent
_____________
b. Eve lusted
_____________
1) Lust of the _________________ (good for food)
_____________
2) Lust of the _________________ (pleasant to eyes) _____________
3) Pride of _______________ (desire to make one wise) _____________
3. The Tree (unknown) _____________

4. The Tragedy: The Fall of Mankind
_____________
a. Immediate Consequences _____________
1) Guilt _____________
2) Shame _____________
3) Fear _____________
4) Broken communication _____________
5) Knowledge of evil by experience _____________
b. Ultimate Consequences _____________
1) Death (cf. Rom. 5:12) _____________
2) Pain
_____________
3) Expulsion
_____________
_____________
c. Personal & Physical Consequences
_____________
1) Serpent: “bite the dust”(cf. 3:14-15)
_____________
2) Woman: pain in childbearing & submission to
husband (cf. 3:16)
_____________
_____________
3) Man: difficulty in labor (cf. 3:17-19)
_____________
4) Earth: thorns and thistles, groaning (cf. 3:18; Rom.
8:22) _____________
5. The Triumph (Gen. 3:15)
_____________
_____________
a. The Seed of the ________________________
_____________
b. The Seed of the ________________________
_____________
1) The Messianic Promise
_____________
2) The ______________________________ (“first gospel”)
_____________
3) The “bruiser” and “crusher” _____________
c. The Blood Sacrifice _____________
1) Animals slain _____________
2) Blood shed _____________
3) Sin covered _____________
III. The Flood _____________
A. Noah’s Faithfulness (Ch. 6-7) _____________
1. Building the Ark (Ch. 6) _____________
2. Riding the Ark (Ch. 7)
_____________
B. God’s Faithfulness (Ch. 8-9)
_____________
_____________
1. Sustaining the Ark (Ch. 8)
_____________
2. Remembering the Ark (Ch. 9)
_____________

C. The Design of the Ark
_____________
1. Purpose: To ________________________ life _____________
2. Pattern _____________
a. 300 cubits long (450 ft) – ________________________ _____________
b. 50 cubits wide (75 ft) _____________
c. 30 cubits high (45 ft) _____________
3. Particulars _____________
a. Ark (Hebrew tabah): large barge _____________
b. Window: around the top deck (under roof)
_____________
c. Door: side entrance
_____________
_____________
d. Decks (3): separate people and animals
_____________
e. Rooms: cages
_____________
f. Gopher wood: Cyprus
_____________
g. Pitch (Hebrew: kopher) “tar”
_____________
4. Prominence _____________
a. 1,400,000 cubic feet _____________
b. 522 railroad cars _____________
D. The Cause of the Flood _____________
1. Sinful Rebellion: ________________________ continually _____________
2. Spiritual Inter-marriage: “sons of God” (bene Elohim) _____________
E. The Extent of the Flood _____________
1. Arguments for the ________________________ Flood _____________
a. Universal terms are used (30 times): “all” and “every”
_____________
b. Unique term: Hebrew: mabbul “deluge”
_____________
_____________
c. Size of the Ark
_____________
d. Nature of the flood (cf. Job 12:15)
_____________
e. Duration of the flood: 1 year
_____________
f. Mountains were covered (Hebrew: kosah) _____________
g. Double superlative: “all” and “every” _____________
h. All animals died _____________
i. Every man died _____________
j. God’s covenant promise: _____________ ___________ _____________
k. The view of biblical writers (8 references) _____________
l. The unique New Testament term (Greek: kataklusmos) _____________
m. The view of Jesus _____________

2. The Changes After the Flood
_____________
a. ________________________ in life-spans
_____________
b. ________________________ changes _____________
c. ________________________ areas reduced _____________
d. ________________________ extinct _____________
e. ________________________ ice caps _____________
f. ________________________ storms _____________
3. The Canopy Theory _____________
a. Tropical earth _____________
b. Ample vegetation _____________
c. No polar ice caps
_____________
d. Mild weather
_____________
_____________
e. No cancer
_____________
f. No racial variation
_____________
g. No language variation
_____________
4. The Duration of the Flood ( TOTAL: 371 Days in the Ark ) _____________
a. 40 days: constant rain day and night _____________
b. 150 days: waters rose continually _____________
c. 5 months: ark on high seas _____________
d. 7 months: ark on Ararat (modern Turkey/Russia) _____________
e. 40 days: raven sent _____________
f. 7 days: dove returned _____________
g. 7 days: olive leaf _____________
h. 7 days: dove left
_____________
i. 29 days: cover removed
_____________
_____________
j. 57 days: waiting in the ark
_____________
IV. The Nations
_____________
A. Descendants of Noah (Ch. 10)
_____________
1. Japheth (cf. 10:2-5) _____________
2. Ham (cf. 10:6-20) _____________
3. Shem (cf. 10:21-31) _____________
B. Division of Language (Ch. 11) _____________
1. Tower of Babel (11:1-9) _____________
2. Line from Shem to Abraham (11:10-32) _____________
_____________

V. The Patriarchs
_____________
A. Abraham _____________
1. The Call of Abraham (Gen.12-14) _____________
NOTE: Ebla Texts found at Tel Mardikh in Syria in 1976 date _____________
from c. 2200 BC and reference _____________ as a real city.
_____________
2. The Covenant with Abraham (Gen. 15-16) _____________
3. The Confirmation to Abraham (Gen. 17-21) _____________
4. The Confidence of Abraham (Gen. 22-23) _____________
NOTE: Today Mt. Moriah is under the Dome of the Rock in _____________
Jerusalem
_____________
NOTE: _______________________ is a temporary appearance _____________
of Christ in human form in the Old Testament. He often
appeared as “The Angel of the Lord.” _____________
5. The Concern of Abraham (Gen. 24-25a)
_____________
NOTE: The servant who went in search of a bride for Isaac
_____________
followed an ________________________ model. We are to _____________
be in search of a bride for Christ. _____________
a. Question: “will you go with this man?” _____________
b. Answer: “I will go.” _____________
c. Result: “… and he loved her …” Hebrew: Lahairoi “God _____________
sees me” _____________
B. Isaac _____________
1. The Blessing Confirmed (Gen. 25b-26) _____________
2. The Blessing Conferred (Gen. 27) _____________
C. Jacob _____________
1. Jacob’s Call (Gen. 28) _____________
NOTE: ________________________ means “House of God”
_____________
2. Jacob’s Marriage (Gen. 29-31)
_____________
_____________
NOTE: ________________________: Leadership (Judah: Shiloh
= Messiah “Line of Christ”) _____________
NOTE: ________________________: Double Portion (Joseph: 2 _____________
Tribes “Ephraim & Manasseh”) _____________
3. Jacob’s Return to Canaan (Gen. 32-35) _____________
D. Joseph _____________
1. Joseph as a ______________________ in Egypt (Gen. 37-39) _____________
2. Joseph as the ______________________ to Egypt (Gen. 41-45)
_____________
3. Joseph as the ______________________ of Israel (Gen. 46-50)
_____________
_____________

Exodus _____________
_____________
Vital Statistics of Exodus _____________
B. Moses (See Authorship section of Genesis) _____________
C. Additional support for Mosaic authorship of Exodus _____________
1. The vivid detail of such events as crossing the Red Sea and _____________
the Ten Commandments at Mt. Sinai suggests firsthand _____________
acquaintance. The conversation details would only have
been known by Moses.
_____________
_____________
2. The vivid detail of the geography in the wilderness suggests
firsthand experience from living there an extended period _____________
of time (cf. Ex. 14). _____________
II. Dates _____________
A. Date Written: 1445 BC _____________
B. Chronology of Events Covered in Exodus _____________
1. Joseph dies in Egypt (1805 BC) _____________
2. Moses born (1526 BC)
_____________
_____________
3. Exodus from Egypt (1446 BC)
_____________
4. Ten Commandments given (1445 BC)
_____________
5. Israel enters Canaan (1406 BC)
_____________
6. Judges begin to rule (1375 BC)
_____________
III. Original Audience _____________
A. The people of Israel. _____________
IV. Purpose _____________
A. Historical: Exodus is a record of Israel’s deliverance from Egypt _____________
and the development as a nation. _____________
B. Christological: Christ delivers His people from the bondage of _____________
sin (cf. Deut. 18:15). He is the Lamb without blemish (cf. John
1:29; 1 Cor. 5:7). Christ dwelt among us (cf. John 1:14). He is _____________
our high priest who makes intercession for us (cf. Heb. 7:25). _____________
V. The Name of the Book _____________
A. Exodus _____________
_____________
1. The name Exodus (Greek: ἔξοδος) means “going out.”
_____________
2. The Hebrew name, Sh’mot or Shemot, means "Names".
_____________
VI. Picture of Christ
_____________
The ________________________ Lamb _____________

Considerations of the Exodus _____________
I. Date of the Exodus _____________
A. Egyptian dating is expressed by ruling families (dynasties). _____________
Scholars disagree on the exact dates and the length of reigns, _____________
so the dates provided are approximate.
_____________
1. The Middle Kingdom
_____________
a. The Hyksos (hik-‐sōs) ruled from 1675-1570 BC (15th, 16th,
_____________
and 17th Dynasties).
_____________
b. It is possible that Joseph became the Grand Vizier
during the reign of the Hyksos (approx. 1670 BC). _____________
c. The dynasty that conquered the Hyksos could be the
_____________
“new king over Egypt, who did not know Joseph” (Ex. _____________
1:8). _____________
2. The New Kingdom (The 18th Dynasty) _____________
a. Ahmose I 1570-1545 BC _____________
b. Amenhotep I 1545-1524 BC _____________
c. Thutmosis I 1524-1512 BC _____________
d. Thutmosis II 1512-1499 BC _____________
e. Thutmosis III 1499-1450 BC _____________
(Possible Pharaoh of Oppression)
_____________
f. Queen Hatshepsut 1499-1477 BC
_____________
_____________
(Daughter of Pharaoh: Possibly the one who picked up
__________________ out of the water.) _____________
g. Amenhotep II 1452-1421 BC
_____________
(Possible Pharaoh of _____________________)
_____________
_____________
h. Thutmosis IV 1421-1411 BC
_____________
i. Amenhotep III 1411-1373 BC
_____________
j. Akhenaten & Queen Nefertiti 1373-1354 BC
_____________
k. Tutankhamen (King Tut) 1354-1345 BC
_____________
l. Ay 1345-1341 BC _____________
m. Horemheb 1341-1295 BC _____________
3. The New Kingdom (The 19th Dynasty) _____________
a. Ramses I 1295-1290 BC _____________
b. Seti I 1290-1279 BC _____________
c. Ramses II (The “Great”) 1279-1213 BC _____________
d. Merneptah 1213-1203 BC _____________
e. Amenmesse 1203-1199 BC
_____________

f. Seti II 1199-1193 BC
_____________
g. Siptah 1193-1187 BC _____________
h. Twosret 1187-1185 BC _____________
B. The Late Date: 1280-1220 BC _____________
1. Ramses II _____________
2. City of Raamses (cf. Exodus 1:11) _____________
3. Those who favor the late date suggest the biblical dates _____________
are either inaccurate or should not be interpreted as literal. _____________
C. The Early Date: 1445 BC (*Personal agreement with this date.) _____________
1. 1 Kings 6:1: The Bible clearly states that the Exodus _____________
occurred 480 years before Solomon began to build the _____________
Temple in 966 BC. This points to 1446 BC.
_____________
2. Judges 11:26: Jephthah stated that Israel had been in
possession of the land of Canaan for 300 years.
_____________
Jephthah’s date is 1100 BC. Adding 300 years of _____________
possession in Canaan and another 40 years of wandering _____________
in the wilderness would suggest an exodus near 1440 BC.
_____________
3. Acts 13:19-20: The Apostle Paul stated that the time
between the exodus and Samuel the prophet was 450
_____________
years. David was anointed King of Israel by Samuel the _____________
prophet in 995 BC. Adding 450 would suggest an exodus _____________
date of 1445 BC.
_____________
4. Those who favor the early date suggest that archeological _____________
data is subject to interpretation. There is substantial
archeological data that supports the early date. The _____________
testimony of Scripture should not be ignored when _____________
interpreting the archeological evidence.
_____________
II. The Life of Moses _____________
A. ________________________ of Egypt (40 years) _____________
1. Found by the Pharaoh’ daughter (cf. Ex. 2:1-10). _____________
2. Flees Egypt after killing an Egyptian who was beating a _____________
Hebrew (cf. Ex. 2:11-15). _____________
B. ________________________ in Midian (40 years) _____________
1. Moses meets Jethro his father-in-law (cf. Ex. 2:16-20) _____________
2. Moses marries Zipporah (cf. Ex. 2:21). _____________
3. Moses receives a mandate from God (cf. Ex. 3:1-4:17) _____________
a. Mt. Sinai (Horeb) _____________
b. Burning bush _____________
_____________
_____________

C. ________________________ of the Exodus (40 years)
_____________
1. Providence _____________
a. Pharaoh “hardened his heart” (cf. Ex. 8:32) _____________
NOTE: Personal choice of Pharaoh. _____________
b. God “hardened his heart” (cf. Ex. 9:12) _____________
NOTE: Divine choice of God to affirm Pharaoh’s _____________
personal choice. _____________
2. Plagues _____________
NOTE: The 10 plagues were not some bizarre random list of _____________
strange things God decided to afflict upon Egypt. It
appears that these 10 plagues were in direct relation to
_____________
many Egyptian false gods. These specific plagues reveal _____________
that the God of the Hebrew people is the one true God. _____________
a. Water to blood (7:20) – Nilus or Ositus: ____________ god. _____________
Egyptians claim this god had control over the rivers. _____________
b. Frogs (8:6) – Hekt: goddess of fertility. Egyptians claim _____________
she controlled fertility, but she could not control the
fertility of the _________________. Hapi: goddess of frogs.
_____________
c. Lice (8:17) – Seb: the earth god. Egyptians claim this
_____________
god has control over the earth. _____________
d. Flies (8:24) – Khephera: god of evolution whose head _____________
was that of a beetle. This god rolls around in a ball of _____________
dung, lays eggs, and produces a “new creation.”
_____________
e. Livestock (9:3) – Apis: __________________ god, Hathor: _____________
cow-headed love goddess. The bull was a symbol of
Pharaoh himself. This would have been a very personal _____________
plague against the Pharaoh. _____________
f. Boils (9:10) – Imhotep: god of __________ and medicine. _____________
g. Hail (9:23) – Nut: goddess of the sky. She was to protect _____________
the land from _______________ that comes from the sky. _____________
h. Locusts (10:14) – Serapis: locust-headed god who was _____________
supposed to protect the Egyptians from ______________. _____________
i. Darkness (10:22) – Ra: the _______ god. This was the _____________
greatest god of the pantheon after Pharaoh himself.
Pharaoh called himself the “son of the sun.” _____________
j. Death of Firstborn (11:5) – Osiris: the giver of __________.
_____________
This also a personal plague against Pharaoh. In Exodus _____________
1, the Pharaoh had killed the sons of Israel. Now the _____________
Lord kills the firstborn of the Egyptians.
_____________
3. Passover
_____________
a. Type of Christ as the ___________________ ___________. _____________
b. To protect themselves from the last plague, the
households of the children of Israel were instructed to
take a lamb and put its blood on their doors. The
Angel of the Lord would “pass over” them and spare
_____________
the lives of their first-born. Those first-borns who did not _____________
have the covering of the lamb’s blood would _____________
encounter the plague of death (12:13).
_____________
III. The Journey of the Exodus _____________
A. The Route (See Appendix) _____________
1. Cities _____________
a. Goshen _____________
b. Tanis _____________
c. Pitham _____________
d. Pi-hahiroth _____________
2. Seas _____________
a. Bitter Lakes
_____________
b. Reed Sea
_____________
_____________
c. Red Sea
_____________
B. The Wilderness
_____________
1. God’s Provision
_____________
a. Manna: “What is it?” _____________
b. Quails _____________
c. Water from the rock _____________
2. Israel’s Complaint _____________
C. The Ten Commandments (cf. Ex. 20:1-17) _____________
1. Duties to God _____________
a. “No other gods” (polytheism) _____________
b. “No graven images” (idolatry) _____________
c. “Name in vain” (making an oath)
_____________
d. “Sabbath” (secularism)
_____________
_____________
2. Duties to Man
_____________
a. “Honor Parents” (rebellion)
_____________
b. “Not Kill” (murder)
_____________
c. “Not Adultery” (adultery)
_____________
d. “Not Steal” (theft) _____________
e. “False Witness” (lying) _____________
f. “Not Covet” (materialism) _____________
D. The Tabernacle _____________
1. Significance: Worship Sanctuary in Wilderness

2. Symbolism (See Appendix)
_____________
a. ________________: There is only one way to God. _____________
Christ: “I am the door” (John 10:9). _____________
b. ______ Altar: Substitution is necessary for atoning of sins. _____________
Christ: “I give my life a ransom for many (Mark 10:45). _____________
c. ____________: Purification is needed for God’s presence. _____________
Christ: “If I do not wash you, you have no part in me” _____________
(John 13:8). _____________
d. _____________: Illumination is needed to do God’s work. _____________
Christ: “I am the light of the world” (John 8:12). _____________
e. _____________: Intercession is needed for God’s people. _____________
Christ: “I am praying for them” (John 17:9). _____________
f. ____: There is separation between God and His people. _____________
Christ: “Behind the curtain [veil] where Jesus has gone
_____________
… for us” (Heb. 6:19,20; cf. 10:20). _____________
g. ________ Seat: Only blood can make atonement for sin. _____________
Christ: “He is the expiation [satisfaction] for our sins” (1 _____________
John 2:2). _____________
h. ___________: God must be approached through _____________
representation. _____________
Aaron: Entered the earthly Tabernacle. _____________
Christ: Entered the heavenly Temple (cf. Heb. 6:19). _____________
Aaron: Entered once a year. _____________
Christ: Entered once for all (cf. Heb. 9:25). _____________
Aaron: Entered beyond the veil. _____________
Christ: Rent the veil (cf. Heb. 10:20). _____________
Aaron: Offered the blood of animals. _____________
Christ: Offered His own blood (cf. Heb. 9:12).
_____________
i. ________________________________: The presence of God
_____________
was known. _____________
_____________
_____________
_____________
_____________
_____________
_____________
_____________

Leviticus _____________
_____________
Vital Statistics of Leviticus _____________
A. Moses (See Authorship section of Genesis) _____________
B. Additional support for Mosaic authorship of Leviticus _____________
1. The phrase “the Lord spoke unto Moses” is used fifty-six _____________
times in the book of Leviticus (cf. Lev. 1:1; 4:1; 5:14; 6:1, 8, _____________
19; 7:22).
_____________
2. The New Testament makes reference to Mosaic authorship _____________
(cf. Matt. 8:4; Luke 2:22).
_____________
3. The Ras Shamra Tables (c. 1500-1300 BC), found along the
Syrian coast, indicate that the antiquity of the Levitical
_____________
system of trespass offerings extends to the time of Moses. _____________
This evidence answers the criticism that the book of _____________
Leviticus was written much later than Moses’ day.
_____________
II. Dates
_____________
A. Date Written: 1445-1405 BC
_____________
A. The people of Israel. _____________
IV. Purpose _____________
A. Historical: Leviticus was a handbook for the priests and Levites _____________
outlining their duties in worship. It was also a guide for holy _____________
living for all Hebrew people.
_____________
B. Christological: Christ is shown as the fulfillment of both the
sacrificial system and the priestly meditation (cf. Heb. 8:10).
_____________
_____________
_____________
A. Leviticus
_____________
1. The name Leviticus (Greek: Λευιτικός) means “relating _____________
to the Levites.”
_____________
2. The Hebrew name, Vayikra or Wayikra, comes from its first
word meaning, "And He called."
_____________
_____________
_____________
The Atoning ________________
_____________
_____________
_____________
_____________
_____________

Major Themes of Leviticus _____________
I. Way to the Holy One: Sacrifice (Lev. 1-10) _____________
A. Voluntary Offerings (Ch. 1-3): Offense toward God _____________
1. ________________Offering _____________
2. ________________Offering _____________
3. ________________Offering _____________
B. Compulsory Offerings (Ch. 4-7): Offense toward Man
_____________
1. ________________Offering
_____________
_____________
2. ________________Offering
_____________
C. Consecration of Priesthood (Ch. 8-10)
_____________
1. Water: Purification, Hebrew: Mikveh “washings”
_____________
2. Oil: Sanctification
_____________
3. Blood: Consecration _____________
II. Way of Holiness: Sanctification (Lev. 11-27) _____________
A. Sanitation: Purity of ________________ (Ch. 11-16) _____________
1. Clean food, body, clothes _____________
2. Day of Atonement, Hebrew: Yom Kippur _____________
B. Sanctification: Purity of ________________ (Ch. 17-27) _____________
1. Laws of Priesthood, worship, society _____________
2. Year of Jubilee
_____________
III. Feasts of Israel
_____________
_____________
A. Feast: Passover Fulfillment: Death of Christ (I Cor. 5:7)
_____________
B. Feast: Fruits Fulfillment: Resurrection (I Cor. 5:8)
_____________
C. Feast: Pentecost Fulfillment: Holy Spirit (Acts 2:4)
_____________
D. Feast: Trumpets Fulfillment: Rapture (Matt. 24:31)
_____________
E. Feast: Atonement Fulfillment: National Cleansing (Rom. _____________
11:23)
_____________
F. Feast: Tabernacles Fulfillment: Messianic Kingdom (Zech.
14:16; Matt. 17:4)
_____________
G. Feast: Purim Fulfillment: Resurrection (added at the
_____________
time of ________________) _____________
H. Feast: Hanukkah Fulfillment: Jesus is the Light (added at _____________
the time of ________________) _____________
_____________
_____________
_____________

Numbers _____________
_____________
Vital Statistics of Numbers _____________
B. Additional support for Mosaic authorship of Numbers _____________
1. The book claims Mosaic authorship (cf. Num. 1:1; 33:2). _____________
2. Numbers provides a detailed, accurate, eyewitness _____________
account which could only be provided by someone _____________
familiar with those details (i.e. Moses). _____________
3. The New Testament identifies Mosaic authorship (cf. Acts 7, _____________
13; 1 Cor. 10:1-11; Heb. 3).
_____________
4. Jesus quoted from Numbers and identified Moses as the
one who lifted up the serpent (cf. John 3:14; Num. 21:9).
_____________
_____________
II. Dates
_____________
A. Date Written: 1405 BC
_____________
B. The events of the book of Numbers cover thirty-eight years;
the period between thirteen months after the Exodus (cf.
_____________
Num. 1:1) and the end of the forty years of wandering (cf. _____________
Deut. 31:24). _____________
A. The primary theme of the book of Numbers is “unbelief.” The _____________
author is writing primarily to the younger generation (20 years _____________
old and younger) not to imitate their parents in unbelief (cf.
Gen. 12:1; 13:14-17). _____________
IV. Purpose
_____________
A. Historical: Numbers provides an historical narrative of the
_____________
Israelites’ wanderings from Mt. Sinai to Mt. Nebo. It covers _____________
most of the forty years of wandering due to the older faithless _____________
generation and preparation of a faithful generation to inherit
the promise.
_____________
_____________
B. Christological: The New Testament indicates that the Rock
from which the thirsting Israelites drank was a picture of Christ _____________
(cf. 1 Cor. 10:4). The serpent on the stake lifted up by Moses _____________
was a picture of Christ on the cross (cf. John 3:14). The daily
manna pictured Jesus as the “Bread of Life” who came down
_____________
from heaven (cf. John 6:32). Balaam foresaw that “a star shall _____________
come forth out of Jacob” (cf. Num. 24:17). The presence of _____________
Christ is symbolized by the pillar of cloud which demonstrates
He is the leader of His people.
_____________
_____________
_____________

_____________
A. Numbers _____________
1. The name Numbers (Greek: Ἀριθµοί) indicates the _____________
Israelites were numbered. _____________
2. The Hebrew name, Bəәmidbar, comes from the first word _____________
of the book meaning "In the desert [of]" or “In the
wilderness”).
_____________
_____________
_____________
The ________________ of Jacob
_____________
_____________
Major Themes of Numbers _____________
I. Walking Across the Desert (Num. 1-12) _____________
A. Counting (Ch. 1-4) _____________
1. Census: 603,550 men 20 years old and older [Not counting _____________
Levites (Priests) 8000+] _____________
2. Journey: Sinai to Kadesh-Barnea _____________
B. Cleansing (Ch. 5-8) _____________
C. Complaining (Ch. 9-12) _____________
NOTE: The Ethiopian woman was black and Miriam was struck _____________
with leprosy (extreme whiteness). _____________
II. Wandering Around the Desert (Num. 13-20) _____________
A. Spying (Ch. 13-15) _____________
1. Caleb (Judah) _____________
2. Joshua (Ephraim) _____________
B. Dying (Ch. 16-20)
_____________
1. Rebellion of Korah, Dathan, and Abiram
_____________
_____________
2. Miracle of Aaron’s rod
_____________
3. Anger of Moses
_____________
4. Death of Aaron and Miriam
_____________
III. Waiting for the Promise (Num. 21-36)
_____________
A. Fiery Serpents _____________
B. Defeat of Sihon & Og _____________
C. Balaam: False prophet _____________
D. Joshua chosen to succeed Moses _____________
_____________
_____________

Deuteronomy _____________
_____________
Vital Statistics of Deuteronomy _____________
B. Additional support for Mosaic authorship of Deuteronomy _____________
1. The book claims Mosaic authorship (cf. Deut. 1:1; 4:44; _____________
29:1). _____________
2. Deuteronomy is the book of the Law most quoted in the _____________
New Testament, with over eighty citations. _____________
3. Jesus quoted from Deuteronomy and directly attributed _____________
Moses as the author (cf. Matt. 19:7; Mark 7:10; Luke 20:28).
_____________
4. Joshua affirmed Mosaic authorship (cf. Josh. 1:7).
_____________
5. The remainder of the Old Testament affirms Mosaic _____________
authorship (cf. Judg. 3:4; 1 Kings 2:3; 2 Kings 14:6; Ezra 3:2;
Neh. 1:7; Ps. 103:7; Dan. 9:11; Mal. 4:4). _____________
6. The unity and integrity of thought affirm Mosaic authorship. _____________
7. The geographical and historical details are from firsthand
_____________
experience. _____________
8. Joshua likely wrote the final chapter concerning Moses’ _____________
death. _____________
II. Dates _____________
A. Date Written: 1405 BC _____________
B. The book was written at the end of the wandering and just _____________
prior to Israel entering the Promised Land. _____________
A. The new generation of Israelites about to enter the Promised _____________
Land. It was a renewal of the covenant that God had made _____________
with their fathers.
_____________
IV. Purpose
_____________
A. Historical: Deuteronomy provides a review of the Israelites
history as well as a renewal of the covenant concerning the
_____________
land of Canaan. _____________
B. Christological: God will raise up a Prophet like Moses (i.e. _____________
Christ). “The LORD your God will raise up for you a Prophet like _____________
me [Moses] from your midst, from your brethren” (Deut. 18:15; _____________
cf. Acts 7:37).
_____________
_____________
_____________

_____________
A. Deuteronomy _____________
1. The name Deuteronomy (Greek: Δευτερονόµιον). _____________
Whether interpreted as “second law” or “a copy of this _____________
law,” the name comes from the purpose of the book: to
review the law and God’s covenant promise.
_____________
2. The Hebrew name, Devarim, comes from the opening
_____________
words stating "These are the words") _____________
The ________________ _____________
_____________
_____________
Major Themes of Deuteronomy
_____________
I. The Past: A Review of Israel’s History and Laws (Deut. 1-11) _____________
A. Review of Israel’s History (Ch. 1-4) _____________
B. Recalling of Israel’s Laws (Ch. 5-11) _____________
II. The Present: A Call to Holiness (Deut. 12-26) _____________
A. ________________Laws (Ch. 12-16) _____________
B. ________________Laws (Ch. 17-20) _____________
C. ________________Laws (Ch. 21-26) _____________
III. The Future: A Preparation for God’s Promise (Deut. 27-34) _____________
A. Ratification (Ch. 27-30)
_____________
B. Preparation (Ch. 31-34)
_____________
_____________
_____________
_____________
_____________
_____________
_____________
_____________
_____________
_____________
_____________
_____________
_____________
_____________
_____________
_____________

_____________
• Identify some of the major reasons for Mosaic authorship of
each book in the Pentateuch.
_____________
_____________
• In what way is Joseph a picture of Christ?
_____________
• Identify specifically how the Tabernacle typifies the life and
work of Christ.
_____________
• What is the messianic significance of the feasts in Leviticus?
_____________
_____________
• Compare and contrast the two groups of people discussed in
Numbers. _____________
• Identify and discuss the respective emphases of the three _____________
basic divisions of Deuteronomy. _____________
_____________
_____________
_____________
_____________
_____________
_____________
_____________
_____________
_____________
_____________
_____________
_____________
_____________
_____________
_____________
_____________
_____________
_____________
_____________
_____________
_____________
_____________
_____________
_____________
_____________
_____________

PART THREE
The Books of History
For whatever things were written before were written for our learning,
that we through the patience and comfort of the Scriptures might have hope.
Romans 15:4

The Historical Books: _____________
_____________
The Preparation for Christ _____________
I. Themes of the Historical Books _____________
A. Pre-Exilic _____________
1. Joshua: Conquest _____________
2. Judges: Settlement _____________
3. Ruth: Oppression of a Nation
_____________
4. 1 Samuel: Reign of Saul
_____________
_____________
5. 2 Samuel: Reign of David
_____________
6. 1 & 2 Kings: Kings of Israel (Northern) and Judah (Southern)
_____________
7. 1 & 2 Chronicles: Parallel History of Kings
_____________
B. Post-Exilic
_____________
1. Ezra: Rebuilding the Temple _____________
2. Nehemiah: Rebuilding the City Walls _____________
3. Esther: Rescuing the People _____________
II. Historical Periods _____________
A. Canaanite: 3000?-1400 BC _____________
B. Israelite: 1400-586 BC _____________
C. Assyrian Invasion: 722 BC (Northern Kingdom) _____________
D. Babylonian Captivity: 605-535 BC (Southern Kingdom)
_____________
E. Persian: 539-331 BC
_____________
_____________
F. Greek: 331-100 BC
_____________
III. Culture and Archeology of Israel’s Neighbors
_____________
A. Canaanites
_____________
1. Culture: Middle and Late Bronze Age
_____________
2. Language: Northwest Semitic _____________
3. Religion: _____________
a. El _____________
b. Asherah: female goddess of fertility _____________
c. Baal: weather god, storm god, _____________
d. Hadad: war god _____________
e. Ashtar: Ishtar (Easter) _____________
f. High Places: Closer to god _____________
g. Animal Sacrifice: to appease the angry gods
_____________
h. Ceremonial Trees: worship of trees

i. Ecstatic Tongues: cutting themselves, acting crazy
_____________
j. Cult Prostitution: sex was an act of worship (focused on _____________
man)
_____________
B. Philistines
_____________
1. Culture: Iron Age (superior weaponry to the bronze)
_____________
a. “Sea People” – migrated from Greece _____________
b. Greek (Mycenaean) _____________
c. Patriarchal era (Minoan) _____________
2. Pentapolis (Five cities of the Philistines) _____________
a. Ashdod _____________
b. Askkelon _____________
c. Gaza _____________
d. Gath _____________
e. Ekron
_____________
3. Archeology
_____________
_____________
a. Geometric designs
_____________
b. Stylized birds
_____________
c. Anthropoid clay coffins (depiction of face of the
deceased on coffins)
_____________
_____________
4. Religion
_____________
a. Baal: a god who answers by fire
_____________
b. Dagon: god of grain who blesses your field
_____________
c. Pillared Temples: remember Samson?
_____________
d. Cultural Assimilation: we know little of them through _____________
literacy
_____________
C. Phoenicians
_____________
1. Culture
_____________
a. “Purple People” (purple dyes) _____________
b. Lebanon to Carthage _____________
c. Sea Traders _____________
d. Alphabet: instead of pictures, they used letters and _____________
influenced the Hebrews
_____________
2. Cities _____________
a. Byblos _____________
b. Sidon _____________
c. Tyre _____________

3. Religion
_____________
a. Baal / Hadad _____________
b. Ba’alat _____________
c. Adonis _____________
d. Mot _____________
D. Ammonites _____________
1. Location _____________
a. Central Trans-Jordan _____________
b. Capital: Amman _____________
2. Religion
_____________
a. Molech: bull monster
_____________
_____________
b. Child Sacrifice
_____________
E. Moabites
_____________
1. Location
_____________
a. South-central Trans-Jordan _____________
b. Capital: Dibon (Bozrah) _____________
2. Biblical References _____________
a. Balak _____________
b. Eglon _____________
c. Ruth (David’s Great-Grandmother was a Moabite) _____________
d. David _____________
3. Religion _____________
a. Cehmosh (child sacrifice)
_____________
b. Human sacrifice
_____________
_____________
F. Edomites (Descendants of Esau)
_____________
1. Location
_____________
a. Mt. Sier
_____________
b. Esau, “red”
_____________
c. South-east Trans-Jordan _____________
2. Archeology _____________
a. Ezion-geber _____________
b. Gulf of Aqaba _____________
c. Nabataens _____________
d. Petra (stone) _____________
_____________

Joshua _____________
_____________
Vital Statistics of Joshua _____________
A. Joshua _____________
B. Additional support for Joshua as author _____________
1. The book claims Joshua as the author (cf. Joshua 24:26). _____________
2. The time period in which the book was written supports _____________
Joshua as the author (see the next section). _____________
3. The author provided detailed information of Israel’s _____________
campaigns that suggest Joshua as the author (cf. Joshua _____________
6-12).
_____________
II. Dates
_____________
A. Date Written: 1380 BC, at the conclusion of the conquest of _____________
the land of Canaan and just prior to Joshua’s death.
_____________
B. The book was written before Saul’s day because the
Gibeonites were still alive (cf. Josh. 9:27; 2 Sam. 5:6). _____________
C. The book was written before David’s day because the
_____________
Jebusites still inhabited Jerusalem (cf. Josh. 15:63; 2 Sam. 5:6). _____________
D. The book was written before the death of Rahab, because _____________
she is referenced that she “dwelt in Israel to this day” (cf. Josh. _____________
6:25).
_____________
E. Moses died in 1405 BC and Joshua became Israel’s leader. _____________
Joshua and Caleb were about the same age. Joshua may
have been slightly older. Caleb was forty when Israel began _____________
wandering in the wilderness and seventy-eight at the end (cf. _____________
Josh. 14:7). Joshua died at the age of one hundred ten after _____________
conquering the land (cf. Judg. 2:8). Assuming that Joshua
was about six years older than Caleb, Caleb would have _____________
been about one hundred and four when Joshua died. Caleb _____________
was seventy-eight at the beginning of the conquest and there _____________
were twenty-five years to the death of Joshua. This would
suggest that Joshua died about 1379 BC. _____________
A. The victorious Israelites who were settling into the Promised
_____________
Land. _____________
_____________
_____________
_____________
_____________
_____________

IV. Purpose
_____________
A. Historical: The book of Joshua reveals how God fulfilled His _____________
promise to the patriarchs of the Promised Land. The book
shows how the land was conquered and settled. _____________
B. Christological: The name Joshua is translated into Greek as
_____________
Jesus. In fact, this is how the Septuagint (LXX) translates the _____________
title of the book. Christ appears as the “commander of the _____________
army of the LORD” (cf. Josh. 5:14). The context reveals the
“angel of the Lord” as the preincarnate Christ Himself.
_____________
_____________
_____________
A. Joshua
_____________
1. The name Joshua (Greek: Ἰησοῦς, Jesus). The book is _____________
named after the author.
_____________
2. The Hebrew name, Yehoshua, means “Savior” or
“Salvation.”
_____________
_____________
_____________
The ________________of the Lord’s Army
_____________
_____________
Outline of Joshua _____________
I. Entering the Promised Land (Josh. 1-5a) _____________
A. The Preparation of the People (Ch. 1-3a) _____________
B. The Passage of the People (Ch. 3b-4) _____________
C. The Purification of the People (Ch. 5a) _____________
II. Conquering the Promised Land (Josh. 5b-12) _____________
A. The Revelation of the Victory – The LORD is in the Camp (Ch.
_____________
5b) _____________
B. The Realization of the Victory – No Sin in the Camp (Ch. 6-11) _____________
C. The Record of the Victory – Triumph in the Camp (Ch. 12) _____________
III. Possessing the Promised Land (Josh. 13-24) _____________
A. Distribution of the Land (Ch. 13-21)
_____________
_____________
B. The Dispute about the Altar (Ch. 22)
_____________
C. Discourse and Death of Joshua (Ch. 23-24)
_____________
_____________
Addressing the “Problems” of Joshua _____________
I. Rahab’s Lie _____________
II. Joshua’s Long Day _____________
III. The Slaughter of the Canaanites _____________

Judges _____________
_____________
Vital Statistics of Judges _____________
I. Authorship
_____________
A. Samuel
_____________
_____________
B. Additional support for Samuel as author
_____________
1. The book was written after the death of Joshua (cf. Judg.
2:7) _____________
2. The book makes reference to the days of the Judges in the
_____________
past (cf. Judg. 17:6; 18:1; 19:1; 21:25). _____________
3. The book was likely written before the seventh year of King _____________
David’s reign (cf. Judg. 1:21; 2 Sam. 5:6). _____________
4. The book makes reference to a “king of Israel” and implies _____________
an early monarchy (cf. Judg. 17:6; 18:1; etc.). _____________
5. The book is written from a prophetic point of view (cf. Judg. _____________
3:7; 4:1).
_____________
6. The person who best fits these considerations is Samuel the
prophet.
_____________
_____________
II. Dates
_____________
A. Date Written: 1050 BC.
_____________
B. The book covers events from 1380 – 1050 BC.
_____________
_____________
A. Written to the people of Israel as a reminder to not to forget that _____________
“In those days there was not king in Israel; everyone did what
was right in his own eyes” (Judg. 21:25). _____________
IV. Purpose
_____________
A. Historical: The book of Judges provides an historical record of
_____________
the cyclical themes of Israel: evil, oppression, repentance, and _____________
restoration. _____________
B. Christological: Each judge served as a spiritual and political _____________
savior of sorts. However, each judge had some type of
shortcoming and only Christ fulfills the role perfectly as both
_____________
Judge and Savior-King. _____________
A. Judges
_____________
1. The book gains its name from the judges whom God has
_____________
called to deliver Israel from their oppressors. _____________
2. The Hebrew name is Shofetim. The Hebrew title means _____________
“judges, rulers, deliverers, or saviors.” It carries the _____________
connotation of maintaining justice, settling disputes, as well
as liberating and delivering.

_____________
The ________________ and Deliverer _____________
_____________
Cyclical Highlights of Judges _____________
I. Cycle 1: Othniel vs. Cushan (Syrians) _____________
A. Evil _____________
1. Idolatry (2:11) _____________
2. Inter-marriage (3:6)
_____________
_____________
B. Oppression
_____________
1. Oppressor: Cushan-rish-athaim
_____________
2. “Dirty Double-crosser”
_____________
3. Mesopotamia: Aramaea (Syria)
_____________
4. Length of oppression: 8 years _____________
C. Repentance _____________
D. Restoration _____________
1. Judge: Othniel, Caleb’s nephew _____________
II. Cycle 2: Ehud vs. Eglon (Moabites) _____________
A. Evil _____________
1. “Lord strengthened Eglon” _____________
2. Alliance with Ammon and Amalek _____________
B. Oppression
_____________
1. Oppressor: Eglon of Moab
_____________
_____________
2. “City of Palm Trees” = Jericho
_____________
3. Seirath
_____________
4. Length of oppression: 18 years
_____________
1. Rest: 80 years _____________
2. Judge: Ehud, a ________________ Benjamite _____________
3. Terms: _____________
a. “Dirt came out” _____________
b. “Covered his feet” _____________
III. Cycle 3: Deborah and Barak vs. Jabin & Sisera _____________
A. Evil
_____________
1. Lack of male leadership
_____________
2. Lethargy: No one cared
B. Oppression
_____________
1. Oppressor: Jabin the Canaanite _____________
a. Dynastic title _____________
b. Hazor rebuilt _____________
c. Sisera of Harosheth _____________
2. Length of Oppression: 20 years _____________
1. Rest: 40 years _____________
2. Judge: Deborah the prophetess and Barak of Naphtali
_____________
3. Battle: Valley of Jezreel
_____________
_____________
a. Mt. Tabor
_____________
b. River Kishon
_____________
c. Heber the Kenite
_____________
d. Heber the Kenite’s wife, Jael (“YHWH is God”) _____________
e. Victory song (Ch. 5) _____________
1) Early Hebrew poetry _____________
2) Salvation history _____________
3) Imprecatory appeal _____________
IV. Cycle 4: Gideon vs. Midianites _____________
A. Evil _____________
1. Desert raiders: Midianites and Amalikites _____________
2. Backslidden Israel: Rejected God’s prophets
_____________
B. Oppression
_____________
_____________
1. Oppressor: Midianites (Arabia)
_____________
2. Length of Oppression: 7 years
_____________
C. Repentance
_____________
D. Restoration
_____________
1. Rest: 40 years _____________
2. Judge: Gideon (“Super Chicken”) _____________
a. ________________ _____________
b. Key words: “if” and “fear” _____________
c. New name: Jerubbaal (“let Baal plead”) _____________
d. Doubt and Uncertainty _____________
1) Sign (miracle) _____________
2) Fleece (doubt)

i. Instructions
_____________
1. Build altar to YHWH _____________
2. Tear down altar to Baal _____________
3. Cut down “grove” (Asherah poles) – pagan _____________
practices on your own farm.
_____________
ii. Battle Valley of Jezreel _____________
1. Hill of Moreh _____________
2. Well of Harod (“Trembling”) _____________
3. Options _____________
a. Fearful and afraid 22,000 _____________
b. “suckers” 10,000 _____________
c. “lappers” 300 _____________
4. Dream of the Barley cake _____________
5. Equipment of 300
_____________
a. Trumpet
_____________
_____________
b. Pitcher
_____________
c. Lamps
_____________
6. Victory: Enemy of confusion
_____________
7. Aided by Northern tribes _____________
a. Naphtali _____________
b. Asher _____________
c. Manasseh _____________
d. Ephraim _____________
V. Cycle 5: Tola and Jair vs. Abimelech _____________
A. Evil _____________
B. Oppression _____________
C. Repentance
_____________
D. Restoration
_____________
_____________
1. Rest: 45 years
_____________
2. Judges: Tola and Jair
_____________
VI. Cycle 6: Jephthah, Ibzan, Elon, and Abdon vs. Ammonites
_____________
A. Evil
_____________
1. Invasion of Gilead _____________
2. Son of a Harlot _____________
1. Oppressor: Ammonites (Trans-Jordan)

2. Length of Oppression: ? Unknown years
_____________
1. Rest: 6 years _____________
2. Judge: Jephthah the Gileadite _____________
a. Outcast: Land of Tob _____________
b. Recalled by Elders _____________
c. Jephthah’s Vow (Two Views) _____________
1) She was ________________ and sacrificed _____________
2) She was dedicated as a ________________ for life
_____________
3. Other judges: Ibzan, Elon, and Abdon
_____________
_____________
VII. Cycle 7: Samson vs. Philistines
_____________
A. Evil
_____________
1. Philistine invasion (“sea people”)
_____________
2. Displacement of Tribe of Dan (the ___________ tribe) (Ch. 18)
_____________
1. Oppressor: Philistines _____________
2. Length of Oppression: 40 years _____________
1. Rest: 20 years _____________
2. Judge: Samson (Shimson, “sunny”) _____________
a. Family _____________
1) Father: Manoah
_____________
_____________
2) Town: Zorah
_____________
3) Tribe: Dan
_____________
4) Son: Samson
_____________
b. Nazarite Vow
_____________
1) Not touch or eat ________________ _____________
2) Not drink ________________ _____________
3) Not cut ________________ _____________
i. Woman of Timnah _____________
1. Unsaved Philistine _____________
2. Parents objected _____________
3. Lion in the Vineyard _____________
4. “Unclean” carcass

5. Mishteh, “drinking feast”
_____________
6. Violations of the Nazarite Vow _____________
a. Touched ________ _______ and ______ _____________
___________ _____________ (14:9)
_____________
b. _______________ _________________ (14:10)
_____________
c. ________________ (16:19) _____________
7. Riddle _____________
a. “Eater” _____________
b. “Sweetness” _____________
8. Seven day wedding ceremony _____________
a. Bride’s nagging _____________
b. Trip to Ashkelon _____________
c. “Companion’ = best man or friend of the _____________
bride-groom _____________
9. Destruction of Timnah _____________
a. Grain _____________
b. Vineyards _____________
c. Olive orchards _____________
10. Woman and family burned (15:6)
_____________
_____________
11. Samson’s Battles
_____________
a. “Hip and Thigh” (v. 8)
_____________
b. 1000 killed (v. 15)
_____________
12. Jawbone = unclean
_____________
13. Twenty year interval? _____________
ii. Harlot of Gaza _____________
1. Ambush _____________
2. Gate, posts, iron bar (4000 lbs.) _____________
3. Hebron: 38 miles away _____________
iii. Delilah of Sorek _____________
1. Five “lords” (seren) of Pentapolis _____________
2. Deadly Lover’s Game _____________
a. Bind with bow strings (NIV, “thongs”)
_____________
b. Bind with new ropes
_____________
_____________
c. Weave my hair
_____________
d. Cut my hair
_____________
3. “Lying in wait”

4. “Told her all his heart”
_____________
5. “Wist not” (KJV); “did not know” (NIV) _____________
6. Disaster _____________
a. Blinded _____________
b. Prison in Gaza _____________
c. Grinding Dagon’s grain _____________
7. Temple of Dagon _____________
a. Pillars: Greek style _____________
b. Tell Quasile example _____________
8. Prayer: “let me die”
_____________
VIII. Spiritual Compromise Leads to Moral Confusion
_____________
_____________
A. Priest for Hire (17)
_____________
B. Danite migration (18)
_____________
C. Levite’s concubine (19)
_____________
D. Civil War (20) _____________
E. Kidnapped wives (21) _____________
_____________
Addressing the “Problems” of Judges _____________
I. The Chronology of Judges _____________
Norman Geisler writes, “All the years indicated during which both the
_____________
judges and foreign powers reigned over Israel total 410 years. If the _____________
period of Judges began in 1381 BC and ended with King Saul in 1043 _____________
BC, it was only 338 years. The most obvious solution to this apparent
discrepancy is that there is an overlapping of the various judges and _____________
foreign rulers. In other words, while some of the land was under _____________
oppression, another area might be in a state of deliverance. … _____________
Further, it was common for rulers to claim a whole year when they
reigned for only part of it” (Geisler 2007, 106). _____________
_____________
_____________
_____________
_____________
_____________
_____________
_____________
_____________
_____________
_____________

Ruth _____________
_____________
Vital Statistics of Ruth _____________
A. Samuel _____________
B. Additional support for Samuel as author _____________
1. This book covers the same period as Judges and the same _____________
considerations for authorship of Judges apply to Ruth. _____________
2. The person who best fits these considerations is Samuel the _____________
prophet. _____________
II. Dates _____________
A. Date Written: 1020 BC. _____________
A. Written to the people of Israel as a ray of hope during the dark _____________
days of the judges. _____________
IV. Purpose _____________
A. Historical: The book of Ruth demonstrates the providential _____________
guidance of the ancestry of King David.
_____________
B. Christological: Christ is portrayed as our Kinsman Redeemer, _____________
who purchases us for Himself. It also demonstrates the inclusive
grace of God toward the Gentile, Ruth, who was brought into _____________
the line of messianic blessing (cf. Matt. 1:5). _____________
A. Ruth _____________
1. The Hebrew name is Ruth. Her name means “friendship.” _____________
The book is named after a key personality of the book. _____________
Ruth, a Moabitess and ancestor of King David and Jesus.
She is the wife of Boaz and the mother of Obed.
_____________
_____________
_____________
________________ Redeemer
_____________
_____________
Outline of Ruth _____________
I. Love’s Resolve: Fields of Moab (Ruth 1) _____________
A. Desperation Move: Bethlehem to Moab _____________
1. Father dies _____________
2. Sons die _____________
_____________
_____________

B. Decisive Moment: Field at Bethlehem
_____________
1. Orpah leaves
_____________
2. Ruth cleaves _____________
a. “…entreat me not to leave…” _____________
b. “…call me Mara…” (bitterness) _____________
II. Love’s Response: Field at Bethlehem (Ruth 2) _____________
A. Ruth’s ________________ _____________
1. Volunteers to glean _____________
2. Harvest _____________
a. Reaping Crops (Harvesters) _____________
b. Gleaning Scraps (Gleaners)
_____________
3. Chooses Boaz’s field
_____________
_____________
B. Boaz’s ________________
_____________
1. Wealthy landowner
_____________
2. Wise Steward
_____________
a. “…Why have I found grace…” (v. 10) _____________
b. “…You have come to take refuge…” (v. 12) _____________
c. “…gather among the sheaves…” (v. 15) _____________
d. “…leave them for her…” (v. 16) _____________
III. Love’s Request: Threshing Floor (Ruth 3) _____________
A. Naomi Plans _____________
1. “Rest” = security of marriage (v. 1) _____________
2. “Wash… anoint… rainment” (v. 3) _____________
B. Ruth Proposes
_____________
1. “Spread your garment over me”
_____________
_____________
2. “Virtuous woman” (“woman of noble character)
_____________
3. Boaz’s problem: closer kinsman (first right of redemption)
_____________
IV. Love’s Reward: Gates of Bethlehem (Ruth 4)
_____________
A. Boaz’s Bargain _____________
1. “sat in the gate” (v. 1) _____________
2. Set up other kinsman _____________
a. Naomi wants to sell _____________
b. Must also marry Ruth _____________
3. Removed his sandal (v. 7) _____________
a. “…name of the dead…” (v. 10) _____________
b. “Famous in Israel” (v. 14)

B. Naomi’s Blessing
_____________
1. Marriage of Ruth _____________
2. Birth of Obed (Grandfather of David) _____________
_____________
Women in the Line of Christ _____________
I. Tamar: Unwed Mother (v. 3) _____________
II. Rahab: Prostitute (v. 5)
_____________
III. Ruth: Moabite Widow (v. 5)
_____________
_____________
IV. Bathsheba: David took the Wife of David (v. 6)
_____________
V. Mary: Virgin Mother of Jesus (v. 16)
_____________
_____________
_____________
_____________
_____________
_____________
_____________
_____________
_____________
_____________
_____________
_____________
_____________
_____________
_____________
_____________
_____________
_____________
_____________
_____________
_____________
_____________
_____________
_____________
_____________
_____________
_____________

1 & 2 Samuel _____________
_____________
Vital Statistics of 1 & 2 Samuel _____________
A. Unknown _____________
B. School of Prophets _____________
1. Samuel founded a school of prophets (I Sam. 19:20) _____________
2. It is possible that one of Samuel’s students wrote 1 & 2 _____________
Samuel _____________
II. Dates _____________
A. Date Written: Some time after 931 BC and before 722 BC _____________
B. There is a reference to the divided monarchy with Judah _____________
separated from Israel (1 Sam. 27:6) which would require a date _____________
after 931 BC.
_____________
C. The book was written prior to the Assyrian captivity since there is _____________
no mention of this significant event which occurred in 722 BC.
_____________
_____________
A. The book was written to the people of Israel. Originally united
under David but later divided after Solomon’s death.
_____________
_____________
IV. Purpose
_____________
A. Historical: The book has two historical purposes. First, to record
the divine origin of the Davidic dynasty. Second, to record the _____________
role of the prophets during the transition from judges to kings _____________
and their moral exhortations to the kings. _____________
B. Christological: Samuel uses the word anointed, which is the _____________
origin of the word messiah. There is a strong messianic theme of
the coming Messiah, the Son of David (cf. 2 Sam. 7:12ff; Matt.
_____________
21:9, 22:45). _____________
A. Samuel _____________
1. The Hebrew name, Shemuel or Shmu’el. His name means
_____________
“heard of God.” _____________
The ________________ ________________ _____________
_____________
_____________
Outline of I Samuel
_____________
I. The Judgeship of Samuel (1 Sam. 1-7)
_____________
A. Samuel’s Call (1-3) _____________
B. Samuel’s Commission (4-7)

II. The Kingship of Saul (1 Sam. 8-15)
_____________
A. The Selection of Saul: _________ Criterion “like the nations” (8-12) _____________
1. Tribe of Benjamin _____________
2. Features: tall and handsome _____________
3. Character: weak and vain _____________
4. Anointing by Samuel _____________
5. Proverb: “Is Saul also among the prophets?” – National Joke _____________
6. Jabesh-Gilead rescued _____________
7. Jonathan takes Michmash _____________
B. The Rejection of Saul: Disobedience “failure to execute
_____________
Amalakites” (13-15) _____________
1. Profess innocence (15:13) _____________
2. Blame people (15:15) _____________
3. Play tough (15:16)
_____________
4. Made concession (15:21)
_____________
_____________
5. Restate with admission (15:24)
_____________
6. False repentance (15:30)
_____________
III. The Kingship of David (1 Sam. 16-31)
_____________
A. David’s Kingship Announced by Samuel: David the Shepherd _____________
(16-17)
_____________
1. Anointed “King”
_____________
a. 16 years old
_____________
b. Secretly at Bethlehem
_____________
1) “Lord looks on the heart” _____________
2) Oil = symbol of Holy Spirit (16:7) _____________
2. Defeats Philistines _____________
a. 17 years old _____________
b. Valley of Elah _____________
c. Challenge of Goliath _____________
d. Battle by Championship _____________
1) Representatives _____________
2) Morning and Evening for 40 days (17:16)
_____________
3) “Is there not a cause?” (17:29)
_____________
_____________
4) “Host of the Philistines” (17:46)
_____________
5) “Head to Jerusalem” (17:54)
_____________
e. Principles of Victory

1) Total Surrender to Purpose of God
_____________
2) Future Expectations Upon Past Experiences _____________
3) Go with What is in Your Hand _____________
4) Separate from the Unfaithful _____________
5) Stand Alone _____________
B. David’s Kingship Acknowledged by Jonathan: David the _____________
Courtier (18-19) _____________
1. Deep friendship _____________
2. Mutual support _____________
C. David’s Kingship Attacked by Saul: David the Fugitive (20-31) _____________
1. Insane jealousy _____________
2. Marriage to Michal _____________
3. David flees to Samuel _____________
4. David the Fugitive
_____________
a. Priest at Nob (21:1)
_____________
_____________
b. Achish at Gath (21:10)
_____________
c. Cave of Adullam (22:1)
_____________
d. Parents of Moab (22:3)
_____________
e. Abiathar Escapes (22:20) _____________
f. Keilah Saved (23:1) _____________
g. Wilderness of Ziph and Maon (23:15) _____________
h. En-gedi ________________ (24:1) _____________
i. Wilderness of Ziph (26:1) _____________
j. Achish at Gath (26:1) _____________
5. Saul’s Failure _____________
a. Witch at En-dor _____________
b. Defeat at Gilboa
_____________
6. Was Saul Saved?
_____________
_____________
a. Anointed King by Samuel
_____________
b. Spirit of God
_____________
c. Prophesied
_____________
d. Believed in YHWH
_____________
e. Samuel: “With Me” _____________
7. Was Saul Lost? _____________
a. Proverb = National Joke _____________
b. Hated God’s man: David

c. Tried to kill David and Jonathan
_____________
d. Fits of Anger _____________
e. Insane Jealousy _____________
f. Killed priests at Nob _____________
g. Consulted Witch _____________
h. “Enemy of God” _____________
Outline of 2 Samuel _____________
I. The Recognition of David on the Throne (1-10)
_____________
_____________
A. David’s Kingship over Judah at Hebron (1-4): 7 years
_____________
B. David’s Kingship over Israel at Jerusalem (5-10): 33 years
_____________
1. The Establishment of David’s Kingdom
_____________
2. The Extension of David’s Kingdom
_____________
II. The Rejection of David from the Throne (11-18) _____________
A. David’s Sin _____________
1. Adultery with Bathsheba _____________
2. Premeditated murder of Uriah (Note sent to Joab by way of _____________
Uriah) _____________
a. Send Uriah to front of battle _____________
b. Allow him to be killed by withdrawing _____________
B. David’s Sorrow _____________
1. Confrontation by ________________the prophet _____________
a. Juridical parable: ewe lamb _____________
b. Confrontation: “thou art the man” _____________
2. Confession by David in response to Nathan _____________
a. “I have sinned against the Lord” (12:13)
_____________
b. David’s full confession is recorded in ___________ _____
_____________
_____________
C. David’s Suffering
_____________
1. David’s baby born of his lust for Bathsheba died
_____________
2. David’s daughter Tamar was defiled
_____________
3. David’s son Amon was killed in revenge for his defilement of
Tamar
_____________
_____________
4. David’s son Absolom was killed and his kingdom was divided
_____________
III. The Restoration of David to the Throne (19-24)
_____________
A. David’s Ascension to the Throne (Ch. 19-21)
_____________
B. David’s Aspirations on the Throne (Ch. 22-24) _____________

1 & 2 Kings _____________
_____________
Vital Statistics of 1 & 2 Kings _____________
A. Jeremiah _____________
B. Support for Jeremiah as author _____________
1. The author lived before the Babylonian captivity. This is _____________
evidenced by the phrase “to this day” (eg. 1 Kings 8:8; 12:19, _____________
etc.).
_____________
2. The book is written from a prophetic point of view. The _____________
author stresses the coming judgment of God for idolatry and
immorality. _____________
3. The author’s writing style is similar to that found in the book of
_____________
Jeremiah. Compare II Kings 24:18-25:30 to Jeremiah 52. _____________
4. Jewish tradition (i.e. Jewish Talmud) attributes the authorship _____________
to Jeremiah (cf. Baba Bathra 15a). _____________
5. The last chapter may have been written by someone other _____________
than Jeremiah because it appears to have come from _____________
Babylon, and we know that Jeremiah was exiled to Egypt
(cf. Jer. 43:1-8). _____________
II. Dates _____________
A. Date Written: Prior to 586 BC
_____________
1. The phrase “to this day” is used to describe the sinfulness of
_____________
the people before the captivity (e.g. II Kings 17:34, 41). _____________
2. The final chapter of II Kings records the captivity itself. The _____________
chapter goes thirty-seven years into Jehoiakim’s captivity _____________
(605 BC), which would be 568 BC. _____________
A. 1 and 2 Kings were written to the divided and declining _____________
monarchies of Israel and Judah.
_____________
IV. Purpose
_____________
A. Historical: To provide an historical record of the main acts of the _____________
kings of Israel and Judah from the point of Solomon’s united
kingdom to the shame and judgment of the divided and then _____________
captive kingdoms. _____________
B. Christological: The messianic implication of I and II Kings is clear: _____________
despite human sin and failure, God is faithful to the Davidic _____________
covenant (cf. II Sam. 7). The Messiah will come through the tribe
of Judah and will be a son of David (cf. Matt. 12:42).
_____________
_____________
_____________

_____________
A. Kings _____________
1. The Hebrew name, Melakhim. The Hebrew word Melakhim _____________
means “kings.”
_____________
2. The book of Kings shares the history of the undivided
kingdom under David and Solomon, the divided kingdom,
_____________
the fall of Israel to the Assyrians in 722 BC, and the fall of _____________
Judah into Babylonian captivity in 586 BC. In the Tanakh _____________
(Hebrew Bible), I & II Kings are one book.
_____________
_____________
The ___________ ______ who is greater than _____________. _____________
_____________
Highlights of 1 Kings _____________
I. The Glorification of the Nation (I Kings 1-11) _____________
A. Solomon’s ________________ (1-3) _____________
1. Anointed King
_____________
2. Appointed King
_____________
_____________
3. Acknowledged to be God’s chosen one
_____________
a. Solomon asked God for wisdom over wealth
_____________
b. Wisdom was evidenced by the two women and the
baby
_____________
_____________
B. Solomon’s ________________ (4-10)
_____________
1. Domestic Prosperity (4)
_____________
2. Religious Achievements (5-8)
_____________
3. Political Stability (9-10)
_____________
C. Solomon’s ________________ (11) _____________
1. Foreign wives (700 wives and 300 concubines) _____________
a. The Problem of Polygamy (Descriptive) _____________
1) Polygamy is never taught as God’s plan anywhere in _____________
the Bible. _____________
2) Polygamy is tolerated as a realistic response to _____________
human sinfulness.
_____________
3) Polygamy, like divorce, was merely allowed “for your
hardness of heart” but “from the beginning it was not
_____________
so” (Matt. 19:8). _____________
b. The Plan of Monogamy (Prescriptive) _____________
1) Monogamy was the precedent as set by Adam and _____________
Eve. _____________
2) Common sense suggests that if God had intended for

men to have multiple wives, then proportionately
there should be more women born than men (not
_____________
50/50). _____________
3) Polygamy arose from a sinful society in rebellion to _____________
God (cf. Gen. 4:23). Abraham, David, and especially _____________
Solomon all suffered the consequences of their _____________
polygamous sins. Solomon’s heart was turned from
God to idolatry and his glorious kingdom came to _____________
eventual shame because of his polygamy (cf. I Kings _____________
11:3-4). _____________
4) The Law of Moses clearly commands, “You shall not _____________
multiply wives” (Deut. 17:17).
_____________
5) The Apostle Paul affirms monogamy, “Each man
should have his own wife and each woman her own
_____________
husband” (1 Cor. 7:2). _____________
6) The Apostle Paul affirms monogamy for church _____________
leaders are to be “the husband of one wife” (1 Tim. _____________
3:2, 12).
_____________
7) Jesus affirms monogamy as God’s plan (cf. Matt. _____________
19:8).
_____________
8) God never intended nor did He bless polygamy. The
Bible never hides the sinfulness of God’s people. _____________
Consider Abraham, David, and Solomon. Like other _____________
sins, God permitted polygamy because of the sinful _____________
hardness of the human heart.
_____________
2. Foreign gods
_____________
3. Materialism
_____________
II. The Division of the Nation (1 Kings 12-22) _____________
A. The Revolt of the Ten Tribes of Israel (12) _____________
1. Upon Solomon’s death, Rehoboam was crowned king. _____________
2. Rehoboam listened to the unwise counsel of younger men _____________
and placed a heavy tax on the people. _____________
3. In response, Jeroboam, the captain of Solomon’s army led _____________
the northern tribes in a revolt.
_____________
4. The northern tribes set up their own idols at Dan and Bethel
and proclaimed, “Behold your gods, O Israel, who brought
_____________
you up out of the land of Egypt” (12:28). _____________
B. The Reign of the Early Kings of Israel and Judah (13-16) _____________
1. Two themes of I and II Kings _____________
a. Morality of the Kings
_____________
1) The kings of Israel (the northern ten tribes) were all
_____________
wicked. _____________
2) The kings of Judah in the south there were notable

exceptions who instituted reform under the counsel of
the great prophets.
_____________
_____________
i. Asa: “And Asa did what was right in the eyes of the
Lord, as David his father had done” (15:11). _____________
ii. Jehoshaphat: “He walked in all the way of Asa his
_____________
father … doing what was right in the sight of the _____________
Lord” (22:43). _____________
b. Ministry of the Prophets _____________
1) Jehu: Ministered to Baasha (16) _____________
2) Elijah: Dominant prophetic figure of I Kings _____________
C. The Reforms of Elijah (17-19) _____________
1. Elijah and the Famine (17) _____________
2. Elijah and the Fight on Mt. Carmel (18) _____________
3. Elijah and the Flight from Jezebel (19)
_____________
D. The Reign of Ahab (20-22)
_____________
_____________
1. Ben-hadad, his enemy (20)
_____________
2. Naboth, his envy (21)
_____________
3. Jehoshaphat, his end (22)
_____________
_____________
Highlights of 2 Kings _____________
I. The Northern Tribes: Assyrian Captivity (1-17) _____________
A. The Decline of Israel and Judah (1-16) _____________
1. Jeroboam 931-910 BC _____________
a. Cabinet member under Solomon
_____________
b. Fled to Egypt
_____________
_____________
c. Revolted at Shechem
_____________
d. Allowed pagan altars and practices
_____________
2. Nadab 910-909 BC
_____________
a. Son of Jeroboam
_____________
b. Assassinated by Baasha _____________
3. Baasha 909-886 BC _____________
a. Killed Nadab in fulfillment of Elijah’s prophecy _____________
b. Fought with Asa, King of Judah _____________
4. Elah 886-885 BC _____________
a. Son of Baasha _____________
b. Assassinated by Zimri _____________
5. Zimri 885 BC

a. Slaughtered Baasha’s seed
_____________
b. Suicide in burning palace _____________
6. Tibni 885-880 BC _____________
a. Usurper: Rival of Omri _____________
b. Civil war with Omri _____________
7. Omri 885-874 BC _____________
a. Capital at Samaria _____________
b. Made peace with Judah _____________
c. Moabite stone _____________
d. Alliance with the Phoenicians
_____________
e. Ivory palace
_____________
_____________
f. Baal worship
_____________
8. Ahab 874-853 BC
_____________
a. Married Jezebel
_____________
b. Defeated the Syrians _____________
c. Alliance with Jehoshaphat _____________
d. Killed Naboth (I Kings 21) _____________
e. Confronted by Elijah _____________
1) Dogs will lick your blood _____________
2) Dogs will eat Jezebel _____________
9. Ahaziah 853-852 BC _____________
a. Oldest son of Ahab _____________
b. Hated Elijah the prophet
_____________
10. Jehoram 852-841 BC
_____________
_____________
a. Youngest son of Ahab
_____________
b. Alliance with Judah vs. Syria
_____________
c. Aided by Elisha the prophet
_____________
1) Healing of Naaman
_____________
2) Four Lepers _____________
d. Assassinated by Jehu _____________
11. Jehu 841-814 BC _____________
a. Acknowledged YHWH (vs. Baal) _____________
b. Anointed by Elisha _____________
c. Wild chariot driver _____________
d. Slew _____________
1) Ahaziah of Judah

2) Jehoram of Israel
_____________
3) Jezebel _____________
4) Ahab’s 70 sons of relatives _____________
5) 42 royal princes of Judah _____________
6) Baal worshippers _____________
12. Jehoahaz 814-798 BC _____________
a. Son of Jehu _____________
b. Defeated by Syrians _____________
13. Jehoash 798-782 BC _____________
a. Visited Elisha
_____________
b. Defeated Amaziah of Judah
_____________
_____________
14. Jeroboam II 793-753 BC
_____________
a. Began as co-regent with Johoash
_____________
b. Longest reign of any Northern King
_____________
c. Prophet Jonah (goes to Nineveh) _____________
d. Defeated Moab and Ammon _____________
15. Zechariah 753 BC (6 months) _____________
a. Great-great grandson of Jehu _____________
b. Assassinated by Shallum _____________
16. Shallum 752 BC (1 month) _____________
a. Killed by Zechariah _____________
b. Assassinated by Menahem _____________
17. Menahem 752-742 BC
_____________
a. Brutal dictator
_____________
_____________
b. Bribed Tiglah-pileser of Assyria
_____________
18. Pekhiah 742-740 BC
_____________
a. Son of Menahem
_____________
b. Assassinated by Pekah
_____________
19. Pekah 740-732 BC _____________
a. Co-regent from 752 BC _____________
b. Alliance with Syria vs. Assyria _____________
c. Rebuked by Isaiah the prophet _____________
d. Assassinated by Hoshea _____________
20. Hoshea 732-722 BC _____________
a. Israel’s last king _____________
b. Vassal to Shalmaneser of Assyria

c. Alliance with Egypt vs. Assyria
_____________
d. Deported to Assyria with Northern tribes _____________
B. The Deportation of Israel to Assyria (17) _____________
1. Hoshea was the 20th and final king of the northern tribes. _____________
2. They were taken into captivity by the ____________ in ____ BC. _____________
3. The prophet’s final pronouncement on Israel reads, “And _____________
they served idols, of which the Lord had said to the, ‘You _____________
shall not do this,’ Yet the LORD warned Israel and Judah by
every prophet and every seer, saying, ‘Turn from your evil _____________
ways! … But they would not listen, but were stubborn, as their _____________
fathers had been, who did not believe in the LORD their _____________
God. … Therefore, the LORD was very angry with Israel, and
removed them out of His sight; none was left but the tribe of _____________
Judah only” (17:12-18). _____________
4. Assyrian Captivity (__________________ ______________) _____________
a. Assyrian Kings (Terrorized by these kings) _____________
1) Tiglath-pileser (745-726 BC) _____________
2) Shalmaneser V (726-722 BC) _____________
3) Sargon II (722-705 BC)
_____________
_____________
4) Sennacherib (705-681 BC)
_____________
b. Assyrian Conquest (Significant events during Assyrian
Captivity) _____________
1) Fall of Samaria (722 BC)
_____________
2) Siege of Jerusalem (701 BC)
_____________
_____________
3) Fall of Nineveh (612 BC)
_____________
II. The Southern Tribes: Babylonian Captivity (18-25)
_____________
A. The Decline of the Davidic Dynasty (18-23b)
_____________
1. Rehoboam 931-913 BC _____________
a. Son of Solomon _____________
b. Revolt of Jeroboam _____________
c. Invasion of Shishak of Egypt _____________
2. Abijam 913-911 BC _____________
a. Defeated Jeroboam _____________
b. Wicked king _____________
3. Asa 911-870 BC _____________
a. Godly king – revival
_____________
b. Great builder, battles and conflicts
_____________
_____________
1) Egypt – Ethiopia
2) Ben-Hadad of Syria
4. Jehoshaphat 873-848 BC
_____________
a. Co-regent with Asa 3 years _____________
b. Godly king – National religious education program _____________
c. Cooperated with Northern Kings (Omri and Ahab) _____________
d. Defeated Moabites (King Mesha) _____________
5. Joram (Jehoram) 853-841 BC _____________
a. Married Athaliah _____________
b. Murdered his 6 brothers _____________
c. Condemned by Elijah the prophet _____________
d. Died unmourned
_____________
6. Ahaziah 841 BC
_____________
_____________
a. Son of Joram
_____________
b. Killed by Jehu
_____________
7. Athaliah 841-835 BC
_____________
a. Usurper: Judah’s only female ruler _____________
b. Slaughtered royal seed (line of Messiah) _____________
c. Joash escaped _____________
d. Executed _____________
8. Joash 835-795 BC _____________
a. Early stability: 7 years old _____________
b. Later: cruel tyrant _____________
c. Stoned Zechariah, the High Priest _____________
d. Executed by palace guard
_____________
9. Amaziah 795-767 BC
_____________
_____________
a. Executed her father’s assassins
_____________
b. Defeated Moab
_____________
c. Defeated by Jehoash (north)
_____________
d. Assassinated
_____________
10. Uzziah (Azariah) 792-740 BC _____________
a. Era of new prosperity _____________
b. Great builder and warrior _____________
c. Defeated Philistines _____________
d. Settled the Negev _____________
e. Struck with leprosy _____________
11. Jotham 750-732 BC _____________
a. Co-regent with Uzziah 10 years

b. Rebuilt temple gate and walls
_____________
c. Paid heavy tribute to Assyria _____________
12. Ahaz 735-716 BC _____________
a. Terrible king _____________
b. Child sacrifice _____________
c. Assyrian altar in the temple _____________
d. Opposed by Rezin (Syria) and Pekah (Israel) _____________
13. Hezekiah 716-687 BC _____________
a. Godly king influenced by Isaiah _____________
b. Spiritual revival
_____________
c. Invasion by Sennacherib of Assyria
_____________
_____________
14. Manasseh 697-643 BC
_____________
a. Wicked king
_____________
b. Longest reign
_____________
c. Legend: executed Isaiah _____________
d. Deathbed conversion? _____________
15. Amon 643-610 BC _____________
a. Wicked king _____________
b. Executed by his servants _____________
16. Josiah 641-610 BC _____________
a. ___________ ___________king _____________
b. Rediscovered the law _____________
c. Great revival
_____________
d. Nineveh fell in 612 BC
_____________
_____________
e. Killed in battle by Pharaoh Necho II
_____________
17. Jehoahaz 609 BC
_____________
a. Middle son of Josiah
_____________
b. Deposed after 90 days by Pharaoh
_____________
c. Died in captivity in Egypt _____________
18. Jehoiakim 609-598 BC _____________
a. Oldest son of Josiah _____________
b. Vassal of Nebuchadnezzar (Babylon) _____________
c. Daniel taken captive in 605 BC _____________
d. Persecuted Jeremiah the prophet _____________
19. Jehoiachin 598 BC _____________
a. Grandson of Josiah

b. Ezekiel taken captive to Babylon
_____________
c. Cursed line _____________
20. Zedekiah 597-586 BC _____________
a. Youngest son of Josiah _____________
b. Alliance with Egypt; rebelled vs. Babylon _____________
c. Jerusalem burned: temple destroyed _____________
d. ________________ captivity _________-_______ BC _____________
B. The Deportation of the Davidic Dynasty to Babylon (23c-25) _____________
1. Babylonian Captivity (__________________ ______________) _____________
a. Babylonian Kings
_____________
1) Nabopolassar (625-605 BC)
_____________
_____________
2) Nebuchadnezzar (605-562 BC) Dominant figure in the
book of Daniel _____________
3) Evil-Merodach (562-560 BC)
_____________
4) Neriglissar (560-556 BC)
_____________
_____________
5) Nabonidus (556-539 BC)
_____________
6) Belshazzar (556-539 BC)
_____________
i. Co-regent with Nabonidus (cf. Nabonidus
Chronicle)
_____________
ii. “Third ruler” – Daniel
_____________
_____________
b. Fall of Babylon
_____________
2. Fall of Jerusalem
_____________
a. Sequence of Events
_____________
1) ________________ departed (593 BC) _____________
2) ________________ breached (July 18, 586 BC) _____________
3) ________________ destroyed by Nebuzaradan (August _____________
15-18, 586 BC)
_____________
b. Subsequent Events
_____________
1) Gedaliah appointed governor _____________
2) Jeremiah the prophet taken to Egypt _____________
3) End of theocratic kingdom and beginning of “Times _____________
of the Gentiles”
_____________
c. Serious Reasons _____________
1) Zedekiah refused ________ of ______ through Jeremiah _____________
2) People and priests _______ at ________ of the prophets _____________
3) Sabbatical years had been _______________________ _____________
(II Chron. 36:21) – taking back 70 years

4) Open ______________ and ______________ apostasy
_____________
3. Rise of Persia _____________
a. Kings of Persia _____________
1) Cyrus the Great (559-530 BC) _____________
2) Cambyses (530-522 BC) _____________
3) Pseudo-Smerdis (522-521 BC) _____________
4) Darius I (521-486 BC) _____________
5) Xerxes I (486-465 BC) NOTE: Married ________________ _____________
6) Artaxerxes I (465-423 BC) NOTE: Allowed Nehemiah to _____________
go back to rebuild Jerusalem _____________
b. Jews Returned to Judah _____________
1) First Wave _____________
i. Decree of Cyrus _____________
ii. Sheshbazzar: Prince of Judah
_____________
iii. Zerubbabel: Builder of the second temple
_____________
(ancestry of Jesus) _____________
iv. Haggai and Zechariah: post-exilic prophets _____________
v. Jeshua: High Priest (March 12, 515 BC) _____________
2) Second Wave
_____________
i. Decree of Artaxerxes I
_____________
_____________
ii. Nehemiah dispatched in 445 BC
_____________
iii. Ezra: Chief Priest (458-438 BC)
_____________
3) New Community
_____________
i. New Temple (second) _____________
ii. Book of Law (Torah) _____________
iii. High Priest (Emerge) _____________
iv. Orthodox Judaism (We won’t let this happen _____________
again.)
_____________
_____________
_____________
_____________
_____________
_____________
_____________
_____________
_____________

1 & 2 Chronicles _____________
_____________
Vital Statistics of 1 & 2 Chronicles _____________
A. Ezra _____________
B. Support for Ezra as author _____________
1. The book was written between 450-425 BC which is _____________
consistent with Ezra’s era (cf. I Chronicles 3:17-24) _____________
2. Chronicles was written from a priestly point of view. _____________
3. Similar writing style to the books of Ezra and Nehemiah (also _____________
attributed to Ezra). _____________
4. Jewish tradition (i.e. The Jewish Talmud) identifies Ezra as the _____________
author of Chronicles.
_____________
5. Other historic documents suggest that Nehemiah “founded _____________
a library and collected books about the kings and prophets
and the writings of David.” Since Ezra was a contemporary _____________
and close associate of Nehemiah, it is easy to believe he _____________
would have access to a large collection of resources for _____________
writing Chronicles.
_____________
II. Dates
_____________
A. Date Written: Between 450-425 BC
_____________
1. Written at the time of Nehemiah the governor, Malachi the
prophet, and Artaxerxes I of Persia
_____________
_____________
2. According to Jewish history, the book would have been
completed during the post-exilic period after the return from _____________
Babylonian captivity _____________
A. The book of Chronicles was written to the returned remnant _____________
who, after seventy years in captivity, were rebuilding Jerusalem _____________
under the spiritual leadership of Ezra, the architectural guidance
of Nehemiah, and the moral exhortations of Malachi.
_____________
IV. Purpose
_____________
_____________
A. Historical: To record the priestly history of Judah from the time of
Saul to Cyrus. _____________
B. Christological: The record demonstrates the Davidic kings and
_____________
their descendants through whom the Messiah will come. Less _____________
explicit is the significance of the Temple as it relates to Christ. “I _____________
tell you, something greater than the temple is here” (Matt. 12:6).
John described the New Jerusalem, “And I saw no temple in the
_____________
city, for its temple is the Lord God the Almighty and the Lamb” _____________
(Rev. 21:22). _____________

_____________
A. Chronicles _____________
1. The Hebrew name is Divrei Hayamim. In the Hebrew Bible, I _____________
& II Chronicles are one book. The title of the book means
“words of days” or “journals.” The English word of
_____________
Chronicles comes from Jerome’s translation of the Hebrew _____________
Bible. _____________
The ________________ greater than the ________________. _____________
_____________
Outline of 1 Chronicles _____________
I. The Predecessors of the Temple (1-10)
_____________
_____________
A. The Primeval Period (1a)
_____________
B. The Patriarchal Period (1b-2a)
_____________
C. The National Period (2b-10)
_____________
II. The Preparations for the Temple (11-29)
_____________
A. David’s Preparations for the Construction of the Temple (11-22) _____________
B. David’s Preparations for the Operation of the Temple (23-29) _____________
_____________
Outline of 2 Chronicles _____________
I. The Majesty of the Temple under Solomon (1-9) _____________
A. Confirmation of the covenant of David (1)
_____________
B. Commissioned the workmen by Solomon (2)
_____________
_____________
C. Constructed on Mt. Moriah (3-4)
_____________
D. Completed in the eleventh year of Solomon’s reign: 960 BC (5)
_____________
E. Consecrated to God in prayer (6)
_____________
F. Chosen and accepted by God as a place of sacrifice and _____________
worship (7)
_____________
G. Consolidated and strengthened over foreign countries (8)
_____________
H. Commendation from the Queen of Sheba (9)
_____________
II. The History of the Temple after Solomon (10-36) _____________
A. The Apostasy of the Northern Kingdom from the Temple (10-11) _____________
B. The Loyalty of the Southern Kingdom to the Temple (12-36) _____________
_____________
_____________
_____________

Ezra & Nehemiah _____________
_____________
Vital Statistics of Ezra & Nehemiah _____________
A. Ezra _____________
B. Support for Ezra and Nehemiah as author _____________
1. Much of the book of Ezra is written in first person. “I” point of _____________
view. _____________
2. Nehemiah represents itself as quoting the “words of _____________
Nehemiah” in the first person. _____________
3. Ezra 1:1 connects the book to the last verse from II _____________
Chronicles.
_____________
4. Both Chronicles and Ezra-Nehemiah are written from a
priestly point of view.
_____________
_____________
5. The details of the accounts favor an eyewitness author like
Ezra. _____________
6. Ezra had access to the library of Nehemiah (cf. II Macc. 2:13) _____________
from which to compile material that was not eyewitness. _____________
7. Jewish tradition (i.e. The Jewish Talmud) attributes authorship _____________
of Ezra-Nehemiah to Ezra. _____________
II. Dates _____________
A. Date Written: After 433 BC _____________
1. The book is post-exilic, written during the days of Ezra and _____________
Nehemiah (cf. Neh. 8:2). _____________
2. The book would have been written during the reigns of _____________
Artaxerxes I (464-423 BC) and Darius II (cf. Neh. 12:22).
_____________
3. Since Ezra arrived in Jerusalem after 458 BC in “the seventh _____________
year of the king” (Ezra 7:8) and Nehemiah in 445 BC in “the
twentieth year” of Artaxerxes (Neh. 1:1) and Nehemiah _____________
returned to Babylon “in the thirty-second year” (Neh. 13:6), _____________
which would be 433 BC, the book must have been finally
compiled after 433 BC.
_____________
_____________
_____________
A. Ezra-Nehemiah was written to the remnant returning from the
Babylonian captivity.
_____________
IV. Purpose
_____________
_____________
A. Historical: To record the rebuilding of the Temple and city of
Jerusalem by the remnant of Babylonian captivity. _____________
B. Christological: The book provides hope that God will provide
_____________
the Messiah, the Son of David, to reign on His throne in _____________
Jerusalem.

_____________
A. Ezra-Nehemiah _____________
1. The books of Ezra and Nehemiah were one book in the _____________
Hebrew Bible. The Hebrew name is Ezra-Nehemiah (Ezra-
Nechemiah). Ezra means “help.” Nehemiah means _____________
“comforted by YHWH.” _____________
Ezra: The ________________ Priest _____________
Nehemiah: ________________ of Jerusalem _____________
_____________
Outline of Ezra
_____________
I. The Restoration of the Nation’s Religious Center (1-6)
_____________
A. The Remnant’s Emancipation from Babylon (1-2)
_____________
B. The Remnant’s Occupation of Jerusalem (3-4) _____________
C. The Remnant’s Completion of the Temple (5-6) _____________
II. The Reformation of the Nation’s Religious Life (7-10) _____________
A. The Declaration of Artaxerxes (7) _____________
B. The Repatriation of the Remnant (8) _____________
C. The Intercession of Ezra (9) _____________
D. The Reformation of the Jews (10) _____________
_____________
Outline of Nehemiah
_____________
I. The Rebuilding of the City (1-7)
_____________
A. Intercession for the City (1)
_____________
B. Investigation of the City (2)
_____________
C. Reconstruction of the City (3) _____________
D. Opposition to Restoring the City (4-5) _____________
E. Completion of Rebuilding the City (6-7) _____________
II. The Revival of the Citizens (8-13) _____________
A. The Commandments Read to the People (8) _____________
B. The Confession Rendered by the People (9) _____________
C. The Covenant Renewed with the People (10) _____________
D. The Cities Repossessed by the People (11-12a)
_____________
E. The City of Jerusalem Rededicated by the People (12b)
_____________
_____________
F. The Civil Reforms among the People (13)
_____________
_____________
_____________

Esther _____________
_____________
Vital Statistics of Esther _____________
A. An unknown Persian Jew _____________
B. Support for an unknown Persian Jew as author _____________
1. Some suggest Ezra as the author, but the writing style and _____________
vocabulary do not bear close resemblance to that of other _____________
books Ezra has written.
_____________
2. Some suggest Mordecai on the basis that he was a record _____________
keeper. However, Esther 10:2-3 allude to the fact that his
career is no longer practiced. Furthermore, Mordecai is _____________
referenced in third person. _____________
3. Whoever the author may be, he writes in a pro-Jewish _____________
manner with detailed knowledge of Jewish customs. _____________
4. Whoever the author may be, he seems to have been an _____________
eyewitness of the events which suggests he is Persian.
_____________
II. Dates _____________
A. Date Written: Between 450-400 BC _____________
1. It must have been composed after the death of Xerxes in _____________
464 BC because his reign has ended (cf. Esther 10:2).
_____________
2. There is no Greek influence of linguistic style or historical
reference to place the book at 330 BC or after.
_____________
_____________
3. The book seems to have been written shortly after the events
occurred. _____________
_____________
A. While other post-exilic books were written for the remnant that
_____________
have returned to Jerusalem after the Babylonian captivity, _____________
Esther is addressed to the Jews who did not return (i.e. The _____________
Diaspora).
_____________
IV. Purpose
_____________
A. Historical: To provide the historical foundation for the origin and _____________
celebration of the feast of Purim (cf. Esther 7).
_____________
B. Christological: First, God has not forgotten the Jews who have
not returned with the remnant. Second, Esther is a picture of
_____________
Christ. Both put themselves in the place of death for their _____________
people but received the scepter of the King’s approval (Esther _____________
5:1f.).
_____________
_____________
_____________

_____________
A. Esther _____________
1. Esther, meaning star, is the Persian name of a Hebrew girl _____________
named Hadassah, which is the Hebrew word for myrtle (i.e.
tree).
_____________
_____________
_____________
________________ of Jews
_____________
_____________
Outline of Esther _____________
I. The Grave Danger to the Jews (Esther 1-4) _____________
A. The Vices of Ahasuerus (1) _____________
B. The Virtues of Esther (2) _____________
C. The Vilification of the Jews (3) _____________
D. The Vision of Mordecai (4) _____________
II. The Great Deliverance of the Jews (Esther 5-10) _____________
A. The Venture of Esther (5)
_____________
B. The Vengeance of Haman (6-7)
_____________
_____________
C. The Vindication of the Jews (8)
_____________
D. The Victory of the Jews (9-10)
_____________
_____________
How can we explain the absence of the name of God _____________
in Esther? _____________
I. Persian Influence & Other Considerations… _____________
A. Some suggest that the Persian Jews were not directly _____________
associated with the theocracy and therefore God’s name was _____________
not associated with them. However, God’s name was clearly
associated with the exiles in Daniel and it is promised even to _____________
the Gentiles who trust Him (cf. Isaiah 60-61). _____________
B. Some suggest there was concern of using God’s name in a _____________
document written in a foreign country in fear of God’s name _____________
being replaced with the name of a pagan God.
_____________
C. Some suggest the book was compiled from Persian records,
which of course make no reference to God.
_____________
_____________
D. Some suggest that God’s name (YHWH) can be found as an
acrostic at the four crucial junctures of the book (1:20; 5:4; 5:13; _____________
7:7). This seems to be a stretch. _____________
_____________
_____________

II. Best Answer…
_____________
While the name of God is absent from the book of Esther, the _____________
providential work of God is clearly present.
_____________
A. God is divinely at work among His people (cf. 4:14).
_____________
B. Prayer is offered to God (cf. 4:16).
_____________
C. The feast of Purim is instituted to give thanks to God (cf. 9:31). _____________
D. Many people of the land become proselytes to the Jewish faith _____________
(cf. 8:17).
_____________
_____________
_____________
_____________
_____________
_____________
_____________
_____________
_____________
_____________
_____________
_____________
_____________
_____________
_____________
_____________
_____________
_____________
_____________
_____________
_____________
_____________
_____________
_____________
_____________
_____________
_____________
_____________
_____________
_____________

_____________
• Name the significant events to which the following dates refer:
931 BC, 722 BC, 605 BC, and 586 BC.
_____________
_____________
• What are the five great periods of Israel’s history? Name the
men who played a significant role in each period. _____________
• Identify which history books are pre-exilic and post-exilic.
_____________
• What spiritual lesson may be found in the fourfold cycle which
_____________
the nation of Israel repeatedly experienced (cf. Judges)? _____________
• Why was David not allowed to build the Temple (cf. I Chron. _____________
17)? _____________
• Identify the author for each book and provide evidence to _____________
support that claim. _____________
• Identify how Christ is portrayed in each book. _____________
• Define The Remnant. What were the three returns from _____________
captivity, their respective leaders and dates, and how many
came in each return?
_____________
_____________
• Define The Diaspora. What book was written to address the
fact that God has not forgotten them? _____________
_____________
_____________
_____________
_____________
_____________
_____________
_____________
_____________
_____________
_____________
_____________
_____________
_____________
_____________
_____________
_____________
_____________
_____________
_____________
_____________

PART FOUR
The Books of Poetry
I rejoice at Your word as one who finds great treasure.

Psalm 119:162

The Poetic Books: Aspiration for Christ _____________
_____________
I. The Place of Poetry in the Old Testament
_____________
All of the Poetical books fit somewhere into the history represented _____________
in the record from Genesis to Nehemiah. The Poetical literature is
largely concerned with the spiritual life of the people. _____________
II. The Periods of Poetry in the Old Testament _____________
A. Patriarchal Period: Job
_____________
_____________
B. Davidic Period: Psalms (All periods, but mostly Davidic)
_____________
C. Solomonic Period: Song of Solomon – A Young Man’s Love
_____________
Proverbs – A Middle-aged Man’s Wisdom
_____________
Ecclesiastes – An Elderly Man’s Sorrow
_____________
III. The Presentation of Christ in Poetry _____________
A. Job: Aspiration for mediation by Christ _____________
B. Psalms: Aspiration for communion with Christ _____________
C. Proverbs: Aspiration for wisdom in Christ _____________
D. Ecclesiastes: Aspiration for ultimate satisfaction _____________
E. Song of Solomon: Aspiration for union in love with Christ _____________
IV. The Parallelism of Poetry in the Old Testament _____________
A. Synonymous Parallelism: Both lines say substantially the same _____________
thing only in different words. _____________
Job 38:7: “When the morning stars sang together, _____________
and all the sons of God shouted for joy.” _____________
B. Antithetical Parallelism: The second line provides a contrasting _____________
parallel to the truth of the first line. _____________
Proverbs 14:34: “Righteousness exalts a nation, _____________
but sin is a reproach to any people.” _____________
In this parallelism “sin” is contrasted to “righteousness” as the _____________
negative facet of the positive truth stated in the first line. _____________
C. Synthetical Parallelism: One line builds on the previous line. _____________
Psalm 1:3: “He is like a tree planted by streams of water, _____________
that yields its fruit in its season, _____________
and its leaf does not wither. _____________
In all that he does, he prospers.”
_____________
In this verse the righteous man is planted, then yields, then does
_____________
not wither, and then finally prospers. There is a progression from _____________
one line to the next. _____________

D. Exemplar Parallelism: One line metaphorically illustrates the
literal truth of the other.
_____________
_____________
Proverbs 27:27: “Iron sharpens iron,
_____________
and one man sharpens another.”
_____________
The parallels may be in couplets (Distichs): Psalm 36:5
_____________
triplets (Tristichs): Job 3:9 _____________
quatrains (Tetrastichs): Psalm 1:3 _____________
_____________
_____________
_____________
_____________
_____________
_____________
_____________
_____________
_____________
_____________
_____________
_____________
_____________
_____________
_____________
_____________
_____________
_____________
_____________
_____________
_____________
_____________
_____________
_____________
_____________
_____________
_____________
_____________
_____________
_____________

Job _____________
_____________
Vital Statistics of Job _____________
A. Unknown (Possible: Moses) _____________
B. Support for possible Mosaic authorship _____________
1. The events concerning Job occur before the time of Moses _____________
2. Some of the words and phrases of the book of Job are _____________
characteristic of Mosaic authorship. Such as “sons of God” _____________
(Job 1:6; 21; cf. Gen. 6:2), “fire from God” (Job 1:16; cf. Gen. _____________
19:24), “but” (ulam), “hawk” (netz), “judge” (pelil), and
“Almighty.” _____________
3. Jewish tradition (i.e. The Jewish Talmud) identifies Moses as _____________
the author (cf. Baba Bathra 14b). _____________
4. The theme of suffering fits with Moses’ concern for the _____________
suffering of the Israelites in Egypt. _____________
5. Uz (where Job lived) is adjacent to Midian (where Moses _____________
spent 40 years contemplating the suffering of his people in
Egypt).
_____________
_____________
6. Moses possessed the authority and interest to commend this
non-Hebrew narrative to the people of Israel. _____________
II. Dates
_____________
A. When the Events Occurred: Patriarchal Period (c. 2000 BC)
_____________
_____________
1. There is no reference to the Exodus or the Law of Moses; the
events of Job seem to have occurred in an earlier period. _____________
2. The characteristic patriarchal name for God, “the Almighty,” _____________
occurs more than thirty times. _____________
3. The family-clan type of social unit is pre-Mosaic (cf. Job 1). _____________
4. The word for “money” (Quesitah) suggests a date at least as _____________
old as Joshua (Josh. 24:32), if not patriarchal (Gen. 33:19). _____________
5. The comparative rarity of the name “Lord” (YHWH) and the _____________
common usage of “God” (Elohim) suggests a pre-Mosaic _____________
date (cf. Ex. 6:3).
_____________
6. The longevity of life seems to be patriarchal. Job lived 140
years after his family was already grown (42:16), compared
_____________
to Abraham who lived 175 years (cf. Gen. 25:7). _____________
B. When the Record was Composed: Mosaic Period (c. 1500 BC) _____________
1. It has been suggested that while living in Midian, Moses _____________
compiled Job from records taken from the conversations in _____________
Uz by Elihu. If this is true, then Job was composed by Moses
between 1485 and 1445 BC.
_____________

_____________
A. If Moses wrote it, then it would seem that the intended _____________
audience was the suffering Israelites who were being oppressed
by Pharaoh. _____________
IV. Purpose
_____________
A. Historical: Job reminds God’s people of His providential
_____________
purposes in allowing their pain. _____________
B. Christological: Christ is presented or anticipated in several ways _____________
in Job. Job cries out for a Mediator (9:33; 33:23); he _____________
acknowledges a Redeemer (19:25); and he knows he needs
someone who can explain the mystery of “suffering by suffering,
_____________
the just for the unjust” (I Peter 3:18); and thus bring victory over _____________
the plague of evil and pain (cf. Rev. 21:4). _____________
A. Job _____________
1. The Hebrew name, Iyov, (i.e. Job) means “hated” or _____________
“persecuted.” _____________
VI. Theme: The Purpose of Suffering _____________
A. Author: Suffering is pernicious _____________
B. Job: Suffering is a mystery _____________
C. Friends: Suffering is because of sins _____________
D. Elihu: Suffering purifies for our shortcomings _____________
E. God: Suffering is providential
_____________
VII. Picture of Christ
_____________
_____________
________________ of Life
_____________
_____________
Outline of Job
_____________
I. The Affliction of Job (1-2) _____________
A. The Afflicted: Job (1a) _____________
1. Righteous and upstanding _____________
2. Unlikely candidate for calamity _____________
B. The Afflicter: Satan (1b) _____________
1. The source of evil _____________
2. Satan is an accuser of God’s people (cf. Rev. 12:10) _____________
C. The Affliction (1c-2) _____________
1. Job lost his sons and daughters
_____________
2. Job lost his sheep and herds
_____________
_____________
3. Job lost his servants
4. Job lost his health
II. The Discussion of Job (3-41)
_____________
A. The Lamentation of Job (3) _____________
1. Job wished he had never been born and cursed the day he _____________
was born
_____________
2. Job never cursed God is his lament
_____________
_____________
B. The Accusation of Job (4-31) _____________
1. Jobs friends had one common explanation: All suffering is _____________
the result of sin, Job is suffering, therefore Job has sinned.
_____________
2. Eliphaz: The theologian based his argument on a vision of
God’s greatness
_____________
_____________
3. Bildad: The traditionalist based his view on the concept of
justice _____________
4. Zophar: The moralist based his opinion on a consensus of
_____________
human wisdom _____________
C. The Intervention of Elihu (32-37) _____________
D. The Revelation of the Lord (38-41) _____________
III. The Restoration of Job (42)
_____________
A. The Repentance of Job (42a)
_____________
_____________
1. Even the righteous man needs to repent
_____________
B. The Reward of God (42b)
_____________
1. His possessions were returned two-fold.
_____________
2. He was blessed with the same number of children he
previously had (and he will see his children who died in the
_____________
resurrection (cf. 19:25-26). _____________
3. The crown of life that comes through suffering (cf. James _____________
1:12). _____________
_____________
_____________
_____________
_____________
_____________
_____________
_____________
_____________
_____________
_____________
_____________

Psalms _____________
_____________
Vital Statistics of Psalms _____________
A. David and others _____________
1. Psalms is the song book of ancient Israel. The book was _____________
written by many men spanning all the periods of the Old _____________
Testament history. Since David wrote most of these songs, his
name is characteristically identified as the author.
_____________
2. Psalms is divided into five sections.
_____________
_____________
a. Section 1: 1-41 Mostly David
_____________
b. Section 2: 42-72 Mostly David
_____________
c. Section 3: 73-89 Various Authors
_____________
d. Section 4: 90-106 Mostly Anonymous
_____________
e. Section 5: 107-150 Mostly Anonymous _____________
B. Support for David as author _____________
1. David was a poet as II Samuel 1:17f indicates. _____________
2. David was imaginative (II Samuel 1:19f) _____________
3. David was a good musician (cf. II Sam. 16:18f) _____________
4. David composed music used in the Temple that Solomon _____________
later built (cf. I Chron. 6:31-32) _____________
5. David was endued by the Spirit of God (cf. I Sam. 16:13) _____________
6. David was deeply religious in character and heart (cf. II _____________
Sam. 7) _____________
7. Psalm 18 is also recorded in II Samuel 22, where it is directly _____________
attributed to David
_____________
8. David testified on his deathbed that God spoke through his
mouth as the “sweet psalmist” of Israel (cf. II Sam. 23:1-2).
_____________
_____________
9. Jesus as well as the New Testament writers verify that David
wrote some psalms. _____________
A. Psalm 2 (cf. Acts 4:25)
_____________
B. Psalm 32 (cf. Romans 4:7)
_____________
_____________
C. Psalm 95 (cf. Hebrews 4:7)
_____________
D. Psalm 110 (cf. Matthew 22:44)
_____________
II. Dates
_____________
A. Patriarchal Period: Psalm 110 (a psalm of David about this
period)
_____________
_____________
B. Theocratic Period: Psalm 90 (see also 42, 87 by the sons of
Korah)

C. Monarchical Period: David as shepherd (23), fugitive (7, 11, 18,
34, 54), king (24), sinner (32, 51), dethroned (3, 4), and Solomon
_____________
(72, 127) _____________
D. Exilic Period: after the destruction of the Temple (74, 79), after _____________
arrival in Babylon (137) _____________
E. Post-exilic Period: upon return to the land (126), at the _____________
dedication of the rebuilt Temple (147) _____________
F. It is likely that David collected the psalms written before and _____________
during his time (cf. I Chron. 15:16). Hezekiah added to David’s
collection (cf. Prov. 25:1). Ezra completed the collection in his
_____________
day (cf. Neh. 8). _____________
A. Each psalm may have had a specific audience. For example, _____________
the Israelites wandering in the wilderness (90), the exiles (137), or _____________
the remnant (126, 147). Overall, the psalms are universal. They _____________
speak to all people in all conditions for all time.
_____________
IV. Purpose
_____________
A. Historical: The psalms had a national function for the comprised
the worship and service hymnal which was the medium of
_____________
prayer and praise for the Temple-centered religion of the Jewish _____________
people. _____________
B. Christological: Psalms is considered one of the most Messianic _____________
books of the Old Testament. Practically the whole of Christ’s life
_____________
and ministry can be found in this book (see “The Life of Christ
Predicted (or Depicted) in the Psalms” below). _____________
A. Psalms
_____________
1. The Hebrew title for the book of Psalms is Tehillim which
_____________
means “songs of praise.” Individual songs/psalms are _____________
referred to as Mizmorim (e.g. Mizmor Aleph is Psalm 1, _____________
Mizmor Bet is Psalm 2, etc.).
_____________
2. The English title is from the Greek translation, psalmoi. _____________
________________ of ________________ _____________
_____________
Considerations of Psalms _____________
I. The Structural Outline of Psalms _____________
A. Psalms about man and creation (1-41): ________________
_____________
_____________
B. Psalms about Israel and redemption (42-72): ________________
_____________
C. Psalms about worship and the Temple (73-89): ________________
_____________
D. Psalms about our sojourn on the earth (90-106): ________________

E. Psalms about praise and the Word of God (107-150):
________________
_____________
_____________
II. The Musical Terminology in Psalms
_____________
A. Alamoth: female voices or a stringed instrument (46)
_____________
B. Gittith: wine press or vintage song; musical instrument from Gath
(8, 81, 84)
_____________
_____________
C. Jeduthun: a choir leader in David’s day (39, 77)
_____________
D. Maschil: a meditative, didactic, or skillful psalm
_____________
E. Michtam: a golden psalm or an atonement psalm
_____________
F. Mismor: to pluck an instrument, pizzicato
_____________
G. Neginoth: a stringed instrument (4, 5, 54, 55, 61, 67, 76) _____________
H. Nehiloth: a wind instrument (5) _____________
I. Selah: a ________________ ________________ which some take as _____________
a pause for meditation
_____________
J. Sheminith: an eighth or octave; male voices _____________
K. Shiggayon: wandering or irregular music (7) _____________
L. Shir: a song in general (can be sacred or even secular) _____________
M. Tehillah: praise (145) _____________
N. Tehillim: praises, psalter _____________
O. Tephillah: prayer _____________
III. Christ’s Use of the Psalms _____________
A. During His childhood Jesus revealed knowledge of Ps. 26:8; 27:4 _____________
(cf. Luke 2:49). _____________
B. In the Sermon on the Mount Jesus quoted Ps. 48:2 and 6:8 (cf. _____________
Matt. 5:35; 7:23). _____________
C. In teaching the multitude He cited Ps. 78:2 (cf. Matt. 13:35) _____________
D. In cleansing the Temple He quoted from Ps. 8:2 (cf. Matt. 21:16) _____________
E. In His reply to the priests Jesus cited Ps. 118:22, 23 (cf. Matt. _____________
21:42) _____________
F. In weeping over Jerusalem Jesus borrowed language from Ps. _____________
91:4 (cf. Matt. 23:37)
_____________
G. At the Last Supper Jesus probably sang the Hallel found in Ps.
136 (cf. Matt. 26:30)
_____________
_____________
_____________
_____________
_____________
_____________

H. On the cross Jesus quoted the Psalms twice:
_____________
1. Ps. 22:1, “My God, why hast thou forsaken Me?” (cf. Matt. _____________
27:46)
_____________
NOTE: The first line of a Psalm is its title (they didn’t have chapter
and verse numbers). When Jesus made this statement on the
_____________
cross, He was giving us the title of this psalm. If you want to _____________
understand what is taking place in that moment, Jesus was _____________
saying read Psalm 22.
_____________
2. Ps. 31:5, “Into thy hand I commit my spirit” (cf. Luke 23:46)
_____________
I. After the resurrection Jesus referred to the whole book of Psalms _____________
with its messianic contents (cf. Luke 24:44)
_____________
IV. The Life of Christ Predicted (or Depicted) in the Psalms
_____________
A. Birth: 104:4 (Heb. 1:7)
_____________
B. Humiliation: 8:4 (Heb. 2:6)
_____________
C. Deity: 45:6 (Heb. 1:8) _____________
D. Ministry: 69:9 (John 2:17) _____________
E. Rejection: 118:22 (Matt. 21:42) _____________
F. Betrayal: 41:9 (John 13:18) _____________
G. Crucifixion: 22 (Matt. 27:46) _____________
H. Resurrection: 2 and 16 (Acts 2:27) _____________
I. Ascension: 68:18 (Eph. 4:8) _____________
J. Reign: 102:26 (Heb. 1:11) _____________
V. A Topical Classification of the Psalms
_____________
A. Messianic Psalms: Psalms that either depict or predict the life
_____________
and ministry of Christ (See previous outline heading). _____________
B. Praise Psalms (Hallel Psalms): Psalms that focus on praise. All five _____________
divisions end with a psalm of praise. The entire final chapter _____________
(150) is a psalm of praise. Hallel means praise. _____________
C. Petition Psalms (Intercessional Psalms): Psalms that plea for _____________
God’s help for self or others.
_____________
D. Penitence Psalms: Psalms that deal with sin and forgiveness.
_____________
E. Pastoral Psalms: Psalms of God’s care for His people.
_____________
F. Precept Psalms (Wisdom Psalms): Psalms that guide His people _____________
to righteousness
_____________
G. Profession (of faith) Psalms: Psalms that are not addressed to
God, but are about God.
_____________
H. Royal Psalms): Psalms that deal with the spiritual role of kings in
_____________
their worship of YHWH. _____________
I. Thanksgiving Psalms: Psalms that offer thanksgiving to God. _____________
J. Wisdom Psalms: Psalms that emphasize God’s wisdom.

K. Pilgrimage Psalms (Psalms of Ascent): Psalms that would be sung
by the people of Israel as they went to Jerusalem for holy days.
_____________
These were songs of celebration and reverence. _____________
L. Imprecatory Psalms: Psalms that call down a curse on Israel’s _____________
enemies. _____________
1. The judgment called for is based on divine justice and not _____________
on human grudges (cf. Ps. 109:4-5). _____________
2. The judgment is expressed in the thought patterns of the _____________
day. For the Hebrews there was no sharp distinction
between the sinner and his sin. Further, a man and his family
_____________
were considered a unit. They stood or fell together (cf. _____________
Noah, Achan). _____________
3. The New Testament emphasis on judgment after death and _____________
ultimate justice helps minimize the need to anticipate or
explain judgment in more immediate and earthly terms.
_____________
_____________
4. The phenomenon of imprecation is not unique to the Old
Testament. Jesus urged His disciples to curse cities that did _____________
not receive the gospel (cf. Matt. 10:14). Jesus called down _____________
judgment on Tyre and Sidon (cf. Matt. 11:22). Paul declared
_____________
anathema any who did not love the Lord Jesus (cf. I Cor.
16:22). Even the saints in heaven are pictured as _____________
beseeching God for vengeance on those who killed the _____________
martyrs (cf. Rev. 6:9-10).
_____________
5. All imprecatory psalms are a longing for justice that aspire for _____________
Christ and His righteous kingdom (cf. Rev. 20). All judgment
has been given to the Son (cf. John 5:22). _____________
_____________
_____________
_____________
_____________
_____________
_____________
_____________
_____________
_____________
_____________
_____________
_____________
_____________
_____________
_____________
_____________

Proverbs _____________
_____________
Vital Statistics of Proverbs _____________
A. Solomon _____________
B. Support for Solomon as author _____________
1. There are three claims in the book itself that Solomon wrote _____________
Proverbs. The first two claims seem to cover the first twenty- _____________
four chapters (1:1; 10:1). The third claim for Solomonic
_____________
authorship reads, “These are proverbs of Solomon which the
men of Hezekiah king of Judah copied” (25:1). _____________
2. Solomon is credited for writing more than three thousand _____________
proverbs (cf. I Kings 4:32). _____________
3. Solomon collected and edited many proverbs which he did _____________
not create himself. Ecclesiastes says Solomon studies, _____________
weighed, and arranged proverbs (12:9).
_____________
4. The final two chapters of Proverbs were not written by
Solomon. Agur was a prophet or oracle of God and wrote
_____________
chapter 30 (30:1). Lemuel was also a prophet from an _____________
Arabian country and wrote chapter 31 (31:1). _____________
II. Dates _____________
A. Date Written: The proverbs of Solomon were composed before _____________
his death in 931 BC. Hezekiah’s scribes probably completed _____________
their editing around 700 BC.
_____________
_____________
A. Solomon addressed his proverbs to the “wise man” (1:5), to his
“son” (1:8; 2:1). Kings states that Solomon’s “servants” listened
_____________
to his wisdom (cf. I Kings 10:8). Solomon was apparently a _____________
headmaster of a school of wise men (cf. Eccles. 1:1; 12:9), much _____________
like Samuel was head of a school of prophets (cf. I Sam. 19:20).
Likewise, Elijah was teacher or mentor to Elisha and referred to
_____________
his pupil as his “son.” _____________
IV. Purpose _____________
A. Historical: Proverbs may have served as a kind of teacher’s _____________
manual for developing wise men of Israel. _____________
B. Christological: Christ is presented in Proverbs as the Wisdom for _____________
which the wise man aspires (cf. Prov. 8). The New Testament _____________
declares that Christ was “made our wisdom” (I Cor. 1:30) and
that in Christ “are hid all the treasures of wisdom and
_____________
knowledge” (Col. 2:3). _____________
_____________
_____________

_____________
A. Proverbs _____________
1. The Hebrew name Mashal (pronounced maw-shawl) has a _____________
more broad meaning than “words of wisdom.” It has a
more broad sense of “words of wisdom and instruction for
_____________
living.” _____________
2. The English name comes from the Latin Vulgate _____________
“Proverbia.” _____________
3. The Greek Septuagint (LXX) transliteration is “Paroimiae.” _____________
________________ of God _____________
_____________
Outline of Proverbs
_____________
_____________
I. Words to the Wise: Wisdom is Valuable – Seek It (1-9)
_____________
A. It Respects God and Parents (1:1-9)
_____________
B. It Rebukes Sin and Evil (1:10-33)
_____________
C. It Rewards Its Seekers Morally (2) _____________
D. It Rewards Its Seekers Physically (3) _____________
E. It Reroutes One’s Life from Evil (4) _____________
F. It Rejects the Way of Sensuality (5) _____________
G. It Reactivates the Slothful (6:1-19) _____________
H. It Represses the Desire of Lust (6:20-35) _____________
I. It Resists the Evil Woman (7) _____________
J. It Rejoices in God Who Begat It (8) _____________
K. It Reproves the Righteous Who Use It (9)
_____________
II. Words of the Wise: Wisdom is Practical – Follow It (10-22a)
_____________
_____________
A. It Is Riches from God (10)
_____________
B. It Is Righteousness of Life (11)
_____________
C. It Is Righteous in its Language (12)
_____________
D. It Has Regard for Reproof (13) _____________
E. It Has the Road of Reward (14) _____________
F. It Exhibits Regulation of the Tongue (15) _____________
G. It Rests in the Purposes of God (16) _____________
H. It Refrains from Strife (17) _____________
I. It Finds Refuge in God (18) _____________
J. It Responds to Poverty by Giving (19) _____________
K. It Responds to Poverty by Working (20-21)

L. It Provides a Reward to the Poor (22:1-16)
_____________
III. Words for the Wise: Wisdom is Admonitional – Hear It (22b-24) _____________
A. Wisdom Is Pleasant (22b) _____________
B. Wisdom Is Worthwhile (23) _____________
C. Wisdom Is Prosperous (24) _____________
IV. Words from the Wise: Wisdom is Ethical – Do It (25-31) _____________
A. Words from Solomon (25-29) _____________
1. The King (25) _____________
2. The Fool (26-27) _____________
3. The Wicked (28)
_____________
4. The Stubborn (29)
_____________
_____________
B. Words from Agur and Lemuel (30-31)
_____________
1. Agur addresses Truth (30)
_____________
2. Lessons from Lemuel’s Mother (31)
_____________
a. Avoid intoxicating drink
_____________
b. Find a virtuous wife that is/has… _____________
1) Faithful _____________
2) Industrious _____________
3) Disciplined _____________
4) Intelligent _____________
5) Character _____________
6) Compassion _____________
7) Appropriate Attire _____________
8) Respect
_____________
_____________
9) Dignity
_____________
10) Wisdom
_____________
_____________
_____________
_____________
_____________
_____________
_____________
_____________
_____________
_____________

Ecclesiastes _____________
_____________
Vital Statistics of Ecclesiastes _____________
A. Solomon _____________
B. Some claim Solomon was not the author because… _____________
1. Literary themes appear to be post-exilic. Solomon’s day was _____________
one of prosperity not adversity. [Response: The literary forms _____________
belong to a genre of their own and not to the post-exilic
period. Solomon was fully aware of adversity. The discovery
_____________
of four fragments of Ecclesiastes among the Qumran scrolls _____________
(a.k.a. The Dead Sea Scrolls) refutes the theory that _____________
Ecclesiastes was a late post-exilic book.]
_____________
2. The author said he “was” king, but Solomon remained king
_____________
until his death. [Response: The text could be rendered “I the
Preacher have been king” or “I became king.”] _____________
3. The book is not grouped in the Hebrew Bible with other _____________
books written by Solomon. [Response: The Hebrew Bible was _____________
not classified by authors, but by subject matter.] _____________
C. Support for Solomon as author _____________
1. There is a direct claim within the book itself (1:1). _____________
2. If the book were written by a literary impersonator, he would _____________
be a moral deceiver. _____________
3. Only Solomon fits the description as the wisest man to have _____________
ever taught in Jerusalem (cf. Eccl. 1:16; I Kings 4:29-30).
_____________
4. The wealth, numerous wives, and great public works
describe Solomon (cf. Eccl. 2:4-11).
_____________
5. There is a similarity to the theme of Proverbs “the fear of the
_____________
Lord is the beginning of wisdom.” (cf. Eccl. 10:8-18, 12:9). _____________
6. The same person wrote the entire book. The shift to third _____________
person is literary technique. (cf. 1:1; 7:27; 12:8) _____________
7. Solomon had an intimate knowledge of evil women (cf. I _____________
Kings 11:1ff). _____________
8. Jewish tradition holds Solomon as the author (cf. Megilla 7a _____________
and Shabbath 30) and indicates Hezekiah’s men may have
edited and published the text (cf. Baba Bathra 15a).
_____________
_____________
II. Dates
_____________
A. Date Written: Just before 931 BC
_____________
1. Jewish tradition holds that Solomon wrote “Song of Songs” or
“Song of Solomon” during his younger years. He wrote
_____________
“Proverbs” during his middle years. He wrote “Ecclesiastes” _____________
during his older years. It is likely that he wrote the book just
prior to his death in 931 BC.
_____________
A. Similar to Proverbs, the phrase “my son” (12:12) may refer to his _____________
disciple.
_____________
IV. Purpose
_____________
A. Historical: To provide a philosophical textbook to answer the
question about life’s summum bonum (i.e. “the highest good”).
_____________
_____________
B. Christological: Christ is the greatest good, the ultimate
satisfaction for which the believer aspires (cf. John 4:13-14). _____________
Christ is the “one Shepherd” from whom wisdom comes (cf. _____________
Eccl. 12:11; John 10:1; and Col. 2:3). _____________
A. Ecclesiastes _____________
1. The Hebrew title of the book, Qoheleth, means “the _____________
preacher” or “assembler.”
_____________
2. The Greek title of the book, Ekklesiastes, which also means _____________
“preacher” comes from the word Ekklesia, which means
“assembly” or “church.” _____________
_____________
Purpose of ________________
_____________
_____________
_____________
Outline of Ecclesiastes _____________
I. The Problem Stated: There appears to be no satisfaction in the world _____________
(1:1-11)
_____________
A. Everything seems to run in cycles
_____________
B. Everything is vanity _____________
C. Nothing is satisfying _____________
II. The Problem Studied: Satisfaction is Sought in the World (1:12-12:8) _____________
A. Satisfaction Sought Experientially (1:12 – 2:26) _____________
B. Satisfaction Sought Philosophically (3:1 – 12:8) _____________
III. The Problem Solved: Satisfaction is Found Beyond this World (12:9- _____________
14) _____________
A. Satisfaction can be found beyond this world _____________
B. Satisfaction comes from the chief Shepherd (cf. 12:11) _____________
C. The Christian understands that Christ is the good Shepherd (cf. _____________
John 10:9-10) _____________
_____________
_____________
_____________

Song of Songs _____________
_____________
Vital Statistics of Song of Songs _____________
A. Solomon _____________
B. Support for Solomon as author _____________
1. There is a direct claim in the book itself, “the Song of Songs, _____________
which is Solomon’s” (1:1). This is not a dedication to _____________
Solomon, but attributes authorship.
_____________
2. Vocabulary style matches that of Solomon. _____________
3. The twenty-one plants and fifteen animals mentioned in the _____________
Song are natural to the natural history of Solomon (cf. I Kings
4:33). _____________
4. The evidence of royal luxury are characteristic of Solomon
_____________
(cf. 1:12-13; 3:6-9). _____________
5. The geographic references favor the time period of _____________
Solomon’s reign. There is no indication of a divided kingdom _____________
(cf. 6:4).
_____________
6. Solomon is credited for writing one thousand and five songs _____________
(cf. I Kings 4:32). The title “Song of Songs” indicates this was
his chief work. _____________
II. Dates
_____________
_____________
_____________
1. It is possible that amidst all the marriages which represented
political alliances (cf. I Kings 3:1 and 11:3), this young maiden _____________
taught Solomon the true beauty of monogamous love. In _____________
view of the number of his other wives and yet the vigor of
Solomon’s romance, it seems probable that the story
_____________
occurred near the middle of his reign, that is, around 950 BC. _____________
A. The song was written to the Shulamite maiden from the
_____________
province of Issachar (cf. 6:13). Furthermore, the song was _____________
published for the Jewish people in the wake of Solomon’s _____________
polygamy. Society had lost the sanctity of sexuality and the
purity of marriage.
_____________
IV. Purpose
_____________
_____________
A. Historical: The book was written to teach the sanctity and
beauty of marriage as God intended it. The Song served a _____________
national role in that it was read at the feast of the Passover. _____________
B. Christological: Solomon’s love for his bride is an illustration of _____________
Christ’s love for His church (cf. Eph. 5:25ff.). The bride’s growth in _____________
love depicts the believer’s maturation in the love of Christ.

_____________
A. Song of Songs _____________
1. The Hebrew title of the book, Shir Hashirim is “the song of _____________
songs.”
_____________
2. The Greek Asma Asmaton is translated “Song of Songs.”
_____________
3. The Latin Canticum is translated “Canticles.” _____________
________________ of Your Soul _____________
_____________
Outline of Song of Songs _____________
I. The Virgin and the Vineyard (1:1-2:7)
_____________
A. The couple meets (1:1-6)
_____________
_____________
B. Lover speaks (1:7)
_____________
C. Beloved speaks (1:8-11)
_____________
D. Lover speaks (1:12-14)
_____________
E. Beloved speaks (1:15)
_____________
F. Lover speaks (1:16-17) _____________
G. Preview: _____________
1. Lover: Rose of Sharon (2:1-2) _____________
2. Beloved: Fruitful tree (2:3) _____________
3. Future: Marriage banquet (2:4-6) _____________
H. Warning: Do not arouse love until it is proper (2:7) _____________
II. The Damsel and the Dream (2:8-3:5) _____________
A. Dream: She dreams only of him (2:8-9) _____________
B. Hope: She anticipates his soon return for her (2:10-17)
_____________
C. Warning: Do not arouse love until it is proper (3:5)
_____________
_____________
III. The Queen and the Quest (3:6-5:1)
_____________
A. Return of her beloved: King Solomon (3:6-11)
_____________
1. Solomon’s first song of praise (4:1-7)
_____________
2. Solomon’s second song of praise (4:8-15) _____________
3. NOTE: “A spring shut up… sealed” = virgin (4:12) _____________
B. Her response: “let’s get married!” (4:16) _____________
C. His response: “I agree” (5:1) _____________
IV. Recollection and Romance (5:2-6:9) _____________
A. She dreams again (5:2-8) _____________
B. NOTE: “I am sick of love” = lovesick

C. She describes her beloved (5:9-6:3)
_____________
D. Solomon’s third song of praise (6:4-9) _____________
V. Romance and Reality (6:10-8:4) _____________
A. Refrain of chorus (6:10-13) _____________
B. Solomon’s fourth song (7:1-9) _____________
C. Her response: “let’s visit my family” (7:10-8:3) _____________
D. Warning: Do not arouse love until it is proper (8:4) _____________
VI. The Homestead and the Honeymoon (8:5-14) _____________
A. Victory of Love (8:5-7)
_____________
B. Victory of Virtue (8:1-13)
_____________
_____________
C. Final Request: Come quickly (8:14)
_____________
How to Interpret the Song of Songs
_____________
_____________
I. The Literal Interpretation
_____________
Those who take the book literally fall into two groups. First there are
those who take it as a purely secular story with no spiritual
_____________
significance. They reject the inclusion of the book as Scripture. _____________
Others see it as a literal story with deep spiritual significance _____________
concerning the holiness and wholesomeness of monogamous
marriage.
_____________
II. The Allegorical Interpretation
_____________
_____________
It has been common among believing Jews and Christians to take
this song symbolically, as an allegory of God’s love for His people or _____________
of YHWH’s love for Israel (much like Hosea). _____________
III. The Typological Interpretation _____________
Christians have often viewed the bride and groom as a _____________
prefiguration or type of Christ and His love for the church (cf. Eph. _____________
5:28-32).
_____________
IV. Conclusion
_____________
There very well could be an element of truth within all of these _____________
views, but is seems best to ground our interpretation on the literal,
actual love between Solomon and his Shulamite bride. The literal _____________
historical interpretation still has points of application: love and _____________
marriage is of God (Gen. 2:23-24), God created sex (Gen. 1:27), sex _____________
is to be enjoyed (Prov. 5:17-19) within the bounds of monogamous
marriage (1 Cor. 7:1). Therefore, Song of Songs is a literal story with _____________
deep spiritual significance concerning the holiness and _____________
wholesomeness of monogamous marriage and should be included _____________
as canonized Scripture.
_____________
_____________

_____________
• What evidence supports Mosaic authorship of Job?
_____________
• Give examples of Christ’s use of the Psalms in His ministry. _____________
• Define imprecatory psalms. What factors help to explain the _____________
imprecatory psalms, which at first may seem rather
unmerciful?
_____________
• Wisdom is the central concern of Proverbs. What is meant by
_____________
wisdom, and on what is it based? _____________
• Identify the historical and Christological purposes of the book _____________
of Ecclesiastes. _____________
• What type of marriage is taught in Song of Songs? What is _____________
ironic about this fact? _____________
_____________
_____________
_____________
_____________
_____________
_____________
_____________
_____________
_____________
_____________
_____________
_____________
_____________
_____________
_____________
_____________
_____________
_____________
_____________
_____________
_____________
_____________
_____________
_____________
_____________

PART FIVE
The Books of Prophecy

Part I: Major Prophets
Surely He has borne our griefs

And carried our sorrows;
Yet we esteemed Him stricken,
Smitten by God, and afflicted.
But He was wounded for our transgressions,
He was bruised for our iniquities;
The chastisement for our peace was upon Him,
And by His stripes we are healed.
All we like sheep have gone astray;
We have turned, every one, to his own way;
And the LORD has laid on Him the iniquity of us all.
Isaiah 53:4-6

The Prophets: Expectation for Christ _____________
_____________
I. The Role of Prophecy
_____________
The books of Prophecy proclaim the will of God and look forward to _____________
Christ in expectation.
_____________
II. The Meaning of Prophecy
_____________
A. Prophecy (Broad Definition): The word prophecy means “to
forth-tell.” Forth-telling involved insight into the will of God. This
_____________
type of prophecy exhorted people to change their behavior. _____________
B. Prophecy (Narrow Definition): The word prophecy means “to _____________
fore-tell.” Fore-telling involved foresight into the plan of God. _____________
This type of prophecy predicted the future. While many people _____________
think of prophecy as fore-telling it is forth-telling that is much
more common in the Bible. However, in the instances where _____________
fore-telling is used it is compelling evidence that the Bible is in _____________
fact the Word of God.
_____________
III. The Meaning of Prophet _____________
A. Prophet: The word prophet comes from the word meaning “to _____________
announce.” A prophet was God’s mouthpiece or the human
instrument through which God declared His message to men.
_____________
B. Descriptions of a Prophet
_____________
_____________
1. Man of God (cf. I Kings 12:22) because he was chosen by
God _____________
2. Servant of the Lord (cf. I Kings 14:18) because of his
_____________
faithfulness to the Lord _____________
3. Messenger of the Lord (cf. Isa. 42:19) because he was sent _____________
by God _____________
4. Seer (cf. I Sam. 9:9) because of his insight from God _____________
5. Watchman (cf. Ezek. 3:17) because of his alertness for God _____________
C. Testing a Prophet _____________
The Bible speaks of true prophets and false prophets and gives _____________
several ways to test for false prophets. _____________
1. Do they ever predict things that do not come to pass? If so _____________
they are false prophets (cf. Deut. 18:21-22). _____________
2. Do they turn people away from the true God to other gods? _____________
If so they are not God’s prophets (cf. Deut. 13:1-3).
_____________
3. Do they use instruments of divination (e.g. crystal balls, tea
leaves, etc.)? No true prophet of God would use occult
_____________
methods for contacting God (cf. Deut. 18:10-11). _____________
4. Is Jesus Christ the center of their predictions? If not, then _____________
they are not of God, for “the testimony of Jesus is the spirit of _____________
prophecy” (Rev. 19:10).

5. The fact that some predictions may come to pass does not
mean a true prophet (cf. Deut. 13:1-2).
_____________
_____________
D. Do we still have prophets today?
_____________
Prophets did not begin with Elijah or even with Samuel. The first
prophecy of Scripture is found in Genesis 3:15 (the
_____________
protoevangelium, “the first gospel”). The New Testament _____________
identifies John the Baptist as a prophet (cf. Matt. 11:9) as well as _____________
John the Apostle (cf. Rev. 22:6-9). Ephesians 4 makes clear that
God has called some to be “apostles and prophets.” The titles
_____________
apostle and prophet have a broad range of meaning. In one _____________
sense the apostles and prophets were foundational to the _____________
church. Apostle, in a technical sense, refers to the twelve men
Jesus discipled. Defined in this sense, we no longer have _____________
apostles. However, in a general sense it can refer to someone _____________
who is sent to lay a foundational ministry in reaching the lost. _____________
Likewise, as we have already identified, prophets were both
forth-tellers and fore-tellers. Used in a technical sense, we no _____________
longer have prophets, but in a general understanding of the _____________
role, they are those who help God’s people understand the _____________
relevance of God’s word and God’s will and then develop
application. However, our primary concern here is what we _____________
would refer to as the “writing prophets.” _____________
_____________
_____________
_____________
_____________
_____________
_____________
_____________
_____________
_____________
_____________
_____________
_____________
_____________
_____________
_____________
_____________
_____________
_____________
_____________
_____________

Isaiah _____________
_____________
Vital Statistics of Isaiah _____________
A. Isaiah, son of Amoz _____________
B. Support for Isaiah as author _____________
Critics dispute a unified Isaiah with a single author, claiming _____________
Deutero-Isaiah (ch. 1-39, 40-66) or even Trito-Isaiah (ch. 1-39, 40- _____________
55, 56-66). Evidence favors a unified Isaiah.
_____________
1. The book claims to be the work of one Isaiah and stands for _____________
the entire book (1:1).
_____________
2. Jewish tradition supports the entire book to one Isaiah. This
includes both the Talmud, the book of Ecclesiasticus (48:17-
_____________
25), as well as modern Jewish tradition. _____________
3. The same literary style, thoughts, phrases, and figures of _____________
speech run throughout the entire book. For example, the _____________
phrase “the Holy One of Israel” is rarely found in other books
of the Old Testament, but is used more than a dozen times in
_____________
each of the disputed sections. _____________
4. The critics have failed to come up with another historical _____________
person with the credentials and literary abilities. Isaiah was a _____________
great poet, orator, and statesman. He was highly
educated, knowledgeable in international affairs, and on
_____________
familiar terms with the royal court. _____________
5. The critics’ biggest objection is that Isaiah contains _____________
supernatural prophecy. For example, parts of Isaiah name _____________
Cyrus (who became king of Persia) more than one hundred _____________
and fifty years before he lived (44:28; 45:1). Critics insist that
at least the latter part of the book were written much later _____________
after having knowledge of Cyrus as king of Persia. The _____________
writing prophets contain many prophecies fulfilled hundreds _____________
of years before they were fulfilled. For example:
_____________
a. Where the Messiah would be born (cf. Mic. 5:2).
_____________
b. The Messiah would be born of a virgin (cf. Isa. 7:14).
_____________
c. When the Messiah would be born (cf. Dan. 9).
_____________
d. How the Messiah would die (cf. Ps. 22). _____________
6. The details of the entire book of Isaiah are distinctly _____________
Palestinian and pre-exilic with Jerusalem as the center from
which God speaks to the whole earth. The latter half would
_____________
have to be Assyrian in its details if written at a later time. _____________
7. The discovery of the Dead Sea Scrolls (discovered 1947) _____________
support a unified Isaiah. Of all the manuscripts discovered _____________
at Qumran, Isaiah is the most complete. The scroll has 54
columns that contain all 66 chapters of Isaiah. You can view

the Dead Sea Scrolls online through a project called “The
Digital Dead Sea Scrolls,” available at
_____________
http://dss.collections.imj.org.il/isaiah. _____________
8. The conclusive evidence of a unified Isaiah is the New _____________
Testament attributes both sections of Isaiah to one and the _____________
same Isaiah. _____________
a. John the Baptist cited Isaiah 40 (cf. Matt. 3:3). _____________
b. Jesus quoted Isaiah 61 (cf. Luke 4:18ff). _____________
c. John 12:38 refers to Isaiah 53. _____________
d. John 12:40 quotes Isaiah 6. _____________
e. Paul cited Isaiah 53 in Romans 10:16. _____________
II. Dates _____________
A. Date Written: 740 to 690 BC _____________
1. The book of Isaiah covers the reigns of Jotham, Ahaz,
_____________
Hezekiah, and Manasseh, all kings of Judah. The historical _____________
background for this period is found in II Kings 15-21. _____________
A. Isaiah ministered primarily to the southern kingdom of Judah. His _____________
message was directed toward Judah’s sinful people (1:4) and its _____________
evil leaders (1:23).
_____________
IV. Purpose
_____________
A. Historical: Isaiah was sent of God to warn Judah of the sins that
lead to Israel’s downfall and to warn of the evil that would lead
_____________
to their own downfall. God will bring condemnation on Israel _____________
and Judah through the nations but He will also one day provide _____________
salvation through Israel and Judah to all the nations.
_____________
B. Christological: Isaiah contains the most complete and
comprehensive descriptions of Christ found in the Old
_____________
Testament. Christ is referred to as (and many more than these _____________
listed)… _____________
1. “Lord … high and lifted up” (6). _____________
2. The son of a virgin (7:14). _____________
3. The “Wonderful Counselor, Mighty God, Everlasting Father, _____________
Prince of Peace” (9:6). _____________
4. A Branch from Jesse and Anointed of the Lord (11:1-2). _____________
5. The “Comfort” of His people (40). _____________
6. The “Redeemer” and “Holy One of Israel” and their Creator _____________
and King (43). _____________
7. The Deliverer of the captives (61). _____________
A. Isaiah

1. The Hebrew name, Yesha’yahu means “YHWH is
salvation.”
_____________
_____________
_____________
________________ of ________________
_____________
_____________
Outline of Isaiah _____________
I. Prophetic Condemnations (1-35) _____________
A. Condemnation Concerning Judah and Israel (1-12) _____________
B. Condemnation on the Surrounding Nations (13-23) _____________
C. Condemnation Concerning all Nations (24-35) _____________
II. Historic Confiscation (36-39)
_____________
A. Looking Back to the Assyrian Invasion (36-37)
_____________
_____________
B. Looking Forward to the Babylonian Invasion (38-39)
_____________
III. Messianic Consolation (40-66)
_____________
A. The Deliverance from God (40-48)
_____________
B. The Deliverer from God (49-57)
_____________
C. The Delivered of God (58-66) _____________
_____________
Prophecies of Isaiah _____________
I. Prophecies of Christ in Isaiah _____________
A. Virgin birth (7:14) _____________
B. Great light in Galilee (9:1-2)
_____________
C. Child-ruler: “mighty god” (9:6-7)
_____________
_____________
D. Rod and Branch of Jesse (11:1-5)
_____________
E. Ensign of the Gentiles (11:10)
_____________
F. Victor at Armageddon (34:2-6)
_____________
G. Angel of the Lord (37:36) _____________
H. Forerunner prepares His way (40:3) _____________
I. Incarnate God (40:9) _____________
J. Servant of the Lord (42:1-4) _____________
K. Redeemer of Israel (44:6) _____________
L. Light to Gentiles (49:6) _____________
M. Suffering Servant (52:13-53:12) _____________
N. Resurrected Lord (53:10) _____________
O. Coming King (66:15-18)
_____________

II. Virgin Birth Prophecy
_____________
A. Messianic: prediction of the birth of Christ _____________
B. Non-messianic: refers only to the birth of a child in Isaiah’s day _____________
C. Dual-fulfillment: predicts both the birth of a child in Isaiah’s time _____________
and the future birth of Christ
_____________
D. Exegetical Notes and Interpretive Issues: _____________
1. Sign (oth): miraculous sign (not ordinary birth) _____________
2. Behold (hineh): exclamatory interjection to arrest the _____________
attention
_____________
3. Virgin (almah): unique Hebrew word for an unmarried virgin
girl (8 times in the Old Testament). While almah is not the
_____________
most common word for virgin, it is the most precise word to _____________
indicate a “young virgin of marriable age.” Almah is never _____________
used of a married woman, while bethulah the more
common Hebrew word for virgin, is twice used of a young
_____________
widow (cf. Deut. 22:19 and Joel 1:8). The definitive article ha _____________
(“the”) indicates a specific virgin “the virgin.” The Septuagint _____________
(LXX) and Matt. 1:23 use the Greek word Parthenos to
translate almah, which always means “virgin.”
_____________
_____________
4. Shall conceive (harah): a feminine adjective connected
with an active participle (“bearing”). It denotes the scene is _____________
in the present tense to the prophet’s view. Thus, the verse _____________
literally says: “Behold, the pregnant virgin.” Since this involves
_____________
a contradiction of terms, the prophecy can only be referring
to the virgin birth of Christ. _____________
5. Immanuel means “God with us.” The name describes the _____________
fact of the incarnation. Thus, this passage is correctly _____________
quoted by Matthew (1:23) as referring to the virgin birth and _____________
incarnation of Jesus Christ.
_____________
6. Conclusion: This prediction can only refer to Mary, the virgin
mother of Jesus, and the baby to be born can only be the
_____________
supernatural God-Man; Jesus Christ Himself. The dual _____________
fulfillment view is unnecessary and undermines the predictive _____________
nature of the passage.
_____________
III. Divine Child Prophecy
_____________
A. Wonderful Counselor (pele yoets): miracle-working counselor
_____________
B. Mighty God (el gibbor): El is always used by Isaiah to refer to _____________
God alone. Thus, the child is God Himself.
_____________
C. Everlasting Father (abi ad): “father of eternity” refers to Christ as
the Lord of eternal life. (cf. Micah 5:2, “from old, from
_____________
everlasting”). _____________
D. Prince of Peace (shar shalom): refers to the millennial reign of _____________
Christ on earth. _____________
IV. Servant of the Lord Prophecy

A. Power of Predictive Prophecy in Isaiah
_____________
1. Cyrus named 150 years in advance (41:25; 44:28) _____________
2. Messiah’s birth, ministry, and death predicted 700 years in _____________
advance
_____________
3. Messiah’s suffering and sovereignty both clearly predicted
_____________
4. Millennial Kingdom and Eternity both described _____________
5. Lake of Fire announced long before Revelation _____________
B. The Suffering Savior (Isaiah 52:13-53:12) _____________
1. Vision of the Servant: Lamb of sacrifice (52:13-15) _____________
NOTE: sprinkle (yezeh), “sprinkle” with efficacious blood _____________
2. Virgin Birth of the Servant (53:1-2) _____________
a. Message Rejected _____________
b. Person Refused _____________
NOTE: Tender plant (yoneq), “suckling” out of dry ground
_____________
(virgin birth?) _____________
NOTE: No beauty, “elegance” or royalty, He does not come _____________
looking like a king. _____________
3. Vicarious Suffering of the Servant (53:3-7) _____________
a. Man of Sorrows (53:3) _____________
b. Man of Suffering (53:4-5) _____________
c. Man of Silence (53:6-7) _____________
d. Exegetical Notes: _____________
1) Despised (bazah), scorned
_____________
2) Rejected (chadal), abandoned
_____________
_____________
3) Of men (ishim), individual men, not by all mankind
_____________
4) Man of Sorrows, “severe pains”
_____________
5) Acquainted with grief (choliy), injuries (inflicted by
crucifixion) Crucifixion has not been developed yet
_____________
and the Roman Empire is centuries from being _____________
founded. _____________
6) Esteemed not, did not value Him _____________
7) To bear (nasa), to carry away! Christ our sin-bearer _____________
carries away our sins forever! He is not just a fellow _____________
sufferer, but a vicarious substitute!
_____________
8) Griefs “sicknesses”, spiritual infirmities
_____________
9) Wounded (melcolal), “pierced through” (refers to
crucifixion)
_____________
_____________
10) Transgressions, sins (Transgression is to intentionally
choose to cross the line)

NOTE: Sin, trespass, transgression, and iniquity have
unique meanings. Sin is the most inclusive word and
_____________
means missing God’s mark. Trespass is sin that _____________
infringes upon the rights of another person. _____________
Transgressions are a rebellious sin in which a person
intentionally chooses to disobey (cross the line).
_____________
Iniquity is a sin that corrupts or perverts God’s intent _____________
and purposes (e.g. false worship, sex outside of _____________
marriage, homosexuality, etc.).
_____________
11) Bruised (daka), “crushed” by weight of our sin and _____________
the wrath of God
_____________
12) Stripes refer to scourging with a whip
_____________
13) Healed (rapah) refers to spiritual healing and well-
being not necessarily to physical healing.
_____________
14) Sheep: dumb animals, nearly blind and easily lost
_____________
_____________
15) Laid on Him (paga), “strike violently” Our sin was
placed on Him _____________
16) Oppressed, like a slave (helpless)
_____________
17) Afflicted, “beaten” He suffered in our place
_____________
_____________
4. Violent Death of the Servant (53:8-9)
_____________
a. Died with the wicked: “Cut off” (nigezer) refers to a
violent death. “Wicked” refers prophetically to the two _____________
thieves. _____________
b. Buried with the rich: “Rich” refers prophetically to the _____________
tomb of Joseph of Aramethea. _____________
5. Victorious Resurrection of the Servant (53:10-11) _____________
a. His days prolonged (returns back to life): Prolong his days _____________
= resurrection! He lives in spite of his violent death. _____________
b. His seed is justified: “Seed” – His children by faith in His _____________
atonement. “by His knowledge” should read “by
knowledge of Him” shall many be justified.
_____________
6. Vital Accomplishment of the Servant (53:12)
_____________
_____________
a. Atonement for all mankind
_____________
b. Exaltation as High Priest
_____________
NOTE: He poured out (ha’erah), made Himself “naked”
or “exposed” Himself to death on our behalf. Therefore,
_____________
He is exalted by the Father to be our eternal High Priest. _____________
c. Invitation: Isaiah 45:22, “Turn to me and be saved, all you _____________
ends of the earth; For I am God, and there is no other.” _____________
_____________
_____________

Jeremiah _____________
_____________
Vital Statistics of Jeremiah _____________
A. Jeremiah, son of Hilkiah the priest _____________
1. The title of the book claims that the prophecies are those of _____________
Jeremiah (1:1). _____________
2. The character and contents of the book are fitting to the _____________
tumultuous era in which Jeremiah lived (just before and _____________
during the Babylonian exile).
_____________
3. Daniel, a contemporary of Jeremiah, possessed and cited
from the prophecies of this book, verifying that Jeremiah
_____________
wrote them (cf. Dan. 9:2; Jer. 25). _____________
4. Jewish tradition attributes Jeremiah as the author (cf. _____________
Ecclesiasticus 49:6-7; Josephus, Antiquities, X.5.1). _____________
5. The archaeological discovery of the Lachish Letters _____________
(discovered in 1935) offer both linguistic and historical _____________
support for the authorship of Jeremiah.
_____________
6. The New Testament supports Jeremiah as the author (cf.
Matt. 2:17; 21:13; Heb. 8:8-12). _____________
7. There was a first edition of Jeremiah that was burned by King
_____________
Jehoiakim in anger (cf. Jer. 36:2, 23). Jeremiah rewrote it _____________
and added more words to it at God’s command (cf. Jer. _____________
36:32).
_____________
8. The final version was no doubt put together by Baruch,
Jeremiah’s secretary, after Jeremiah’s death (cf. 36:1-4).
_____________
_____________
C. About the Author
_____________
1. He was from a priestly background (1:1).
_____________
2. He was predestined to the prophetic office before he was
born (1:5-6).
_____________
3. He began his preaching ministry under Josiah (cf. II Chron.
_____________
35:25). _____________
4. His times were perilous (16:1-4). _____________
5. He spent a good deal of time in prison for his unfavorable
_____________
prophecies (37:15). _____________
6. He shared in the sufferings of the remnant left in the land _____________
after the Babylonian captivity and was finally exiled to Egypt _____________
(43:1-7).
_____________
7. He began his ministry at twenty years of age in the thirteenth _____________
year of the reign of Josiah (1:2).

8. He continued to prophecy after the destruction of
Jerusalem (585 BC).
_____________
_____________
9. His ministry covered the reigns of Josiah, Jehoahaz,
Jehoiakim, Jehoiachin, and Zedekiah (cf. II Kings 22-25). _____________
10. He was a contemporary of Nahum, Zephaniah, Habakkuk,
_____________
Daniel, and Ezekiel. _____________
II. Dates _____________
A. Date Written: 626 to 586 BC _____________
1. Prior to the Babylonian captivity.
_____________
_____________
_____________
A. Jeremiah’s early prophecies were directed to the people of
Judah in the declining days before the Babylonian captivity (1- _____________
39). The remaining chapters were written to discouraged and _____________
dismayed people scattered around the land of Palestine as a
result of the Babylonian captivity and the destruction of
_____________
Jerusalem. _____________
IV. Purpose _____________
A. Historical: Jeremiah’s prophecies served as God’s final warning
_____________
of the impending judgment of the Babylonian captivity. _____________
B. Christological: Christ is presented in many ways… _____________
1. Christ is the fountain of living waters (cf. Jer. 2:13; John 4:14). _____________
2. Christ is the balm of Gilead (cf. Jer. 8:22). _____________
3. Christ is the good Shepherd (cf. Jer. 23:4).
_____________
4. Christ is a righteous Branch (cf. Jer. 23:5).
_____________
_____________
5. Christ is the Lord our righteousness (cf. Jer. 23:6).
_____________
6. Christ is the weeping Prophet to His people (cf. Matt. 23:37-
38).
_____________
_____________
_____________
A. Jeremiah
_____________
1. The Hebrew name, Yirmiyahu, means “YHWH is uplifted” or
“YHWH is exalted.”
_____________
_____________
_____________
Righteous ________________
_____________
_____________
Outline of Jeremiah _____________
I. Prophecies Before the Fall of Jerusalem (1-39) _____________
A. Prophecies during Josiah’s Reign (1-12) _____________
B. Prophecies during Jehoiakim’s Reign (13-20; 25-26; 35-36) _____________
1. The Prophet’s Experiences (13-20)

2. The Prophet’s Exhortations (25-26)
_____________
3. The Prophet’s Exigencies (35-36) _____________
C. Prophecies during Zedekiah’s Reign (21-24; 27-34; 37-39) _____________
1. Prophecies about Judah’s Political Future (21-24; 27-29) _____________
2. Prophecies about Judah’s Spiritual Future (30-33) _____________
3. Prophecies about Judah’s Immediate Future (34; 37-39) _____________
II. Prophecies after the Fall of Jerusalem (40-52) _____________
A. Prophecies to the Remnant in Palestine (40-43) _____________
B. Prophecies to the Remnant in Egypt (44)
_____________
C. Prophecies to the Remnant in Babylon (45-52)
_____________
_____________
Major Themes of Jeremiah _____________
_____________
I. Judah’s Last Kings
_____________
A. Josiah (640-609 BC) Ch. 1-2. Period of revival ends when Josiah
is killed in battle against Pharaoh Necho of Egypt. Josiah was _____________
the last great godly king. _____________
B. Jehoahaz (608 BC) Ch. 22. Necho’s vassal; banished to Egypt _____________
after only 3 months. _____________
C. Jehoiakim (608-597 BC) Ch. 13-20; 25-26; 35-36. He was the son _____________
of Josiah. He was also a vassal to Necho. During his reign,
Babylon rose to power in the Middle East. Nebuchadnezzar
_____________
defeated Necho at Carchemish in 605 BC. Jehoiakim _____________
persecuted Jeremiah who predicted the fall of Jerusalem and _____________
the 70 year Babylonian captivity during his reign.
_____________
D. Zedekiah (597-586 BC) Ch. 21-24; 27-34; 37-39. He consulted _____________
privately with Jeremiah, threw him into the slime pit, but later
transferred him to the court of the guards. Judah’s last official _____________
king. _____________
II. Fall of Jerusalem _____________
A. The city fell one last time to Nebuchadnezzar in 586 BC and was _____________
totally destroyed. Jeremiah wrote his Lamentations while he _____________
watched it burn. He was left in Judah but was later taken by
force to Egypt when remnant fled to Taphanhes (43:5).
_____________
III. Jeremiah’s Message
_____________
_____________
A. Repent of Sin
_____________
B. Submit to Babylon
_____________
C. Remain in the Land
_____________
IV. Jeremiah’s Key Prophecies _____________
A. 70 year captivity (25:11; 29:10) _____________
B. Coming Righteous Branch: ________________ (23:5-6)

C. New Covenant: ____________ ________________ (31:31-34)
_____________
V. Archaeological Notes _____________
A. Middle Gate from Jeremiah’s time (where Babylon officials met) _____________
has now been found by Israeli archaeologist N. Avigad. It can
still be observed today.
_____________
B. Lachish Letters written on ostraca (broken pottery) during 588-
_____________
586 BC date from this time and reflect the same events and _____________
culture. _____________
_____________
_____________
_____________
_____________
_____________
_____________
_____________
_____________
_____________
_____________
_____________
_____________
_____________
_____________
_____________
_____________
_____________
_____________
_____________
_____________
_____________
_____________
_____________
_____________
_____________
_____________
_____________
_____________
_____________
_____________

Lamentations _____________
(1 of 3 Exilic Books) _____________
_____________
Vital Statistics of Lamentations _____________
A. Jeremiah _____________
1. Lamentations is attributed to Jeremiah in the Greek Old _____________
Testament (LXX) and in the Arabic Targums of Jonathan. _____________
2. The author was an eyewitness of the destruction of _____________
Jerusalem (1:13-15; 2:6-9; 4:10). _____________
3. Similarities in writing style with the book of Jeremiah (cf. Lam. _____________
1:15 with Jer. 8:21; Lam. 1:16 with Jer. 9:1; Lam. 2:22 with Jer.
6:25).
_____________
4. Both books anticipate similar judgment on the nations which
_____________
rejoice in Jerusalem’s fall (cf. Lam. 4:21 with Jer. 46:25). _____________
5. The author of both books expresses the same sympathetic _____________
sorrow for the nation of Judah. _____________
II. Dates _____________
A. Date Written: 586 BC _____________
1. Immediately following the events of the destruction of _____________
Jerusalem. _____________
A. The exiles whose land had been captured by the Babylonians _____________
and whose Temple had just been burned. _____________
IV. Purpose _____________
A. Historical: Lamentations served as an expression of sorrow at the _____________
destruction of Jerusalem and as a reminder of God’s faithfulness _____________
to His word and to His people.
_____________
B. Christological: There are many prophetic pictures of Christ (cf.
1:12; 2:15-16; 3:14, and 3:19). The primary one is that Christ is the _____________
Man of Sorrows who is acquainted with grief (cf. Isa. 53:3). _____________
A. Lamentations _____________
1. The Hebrew title of the book is ‘ekah and means “how.” _____________
2. The Greek Septuagint (LXX), threnoi, and the Latin Vulgate,
_____________
threni, use a translation of the Hebrew name qinot which _____________
means “tears.” Some manuscripts then use the phrase _____________
“Tears of Jeremiah.”
_____________

_____________
Man of ________________ _____________
_____________
Outline of Lamentations _____________
I. Pain of Zion’s Fall: A Mourning Widow (1) _____________
II. Plight of Zion’s Fall: A Weeping Daughter (2)
_____________
_____________
III. Purpose of Zion’s Fall: An Afflicted Man (3)
_____________
IV. Pondering Zion’s Fall: Tarnished Gold (4)
_____________
V. Plea on behalf of Zion’s Fall: A Fatherless Child (5) _____________
_____________
_____________
_____________
_____________
_____________
_____________
_____________
_____________
_____________
_____________
_____________
_____________
_____________
_____________
_____________
_____________
_____________
_____________
_____________
_____________
_____________
_____________
_____________
_____________
_____________
_____________
_____________

Ezekiel _____________
(2 of 3 Exilic Books) _____________
_____________
Vital Statistics of Ezekiel _____________
A. Ezekiel _____________
B. Support for Ezekiel as author _____________
1. There is a clear claim of the book (1:1), all of which is written _____________
in first person: “I looked,” and “the word of the Lord came to _____________
me.”
_____________
2. There is a unity of apocalyptic (visions) style through the _____________
entire book.
_____________
3. The whole book is written from the priestly point of view that
one would expect given Ezekiel’s priestly background _____________
(sacrifices, the Temple, etc.). Ezekiel was a member of the _____________
priestly family of Buzi. _____________
4. Early Jewish teachers agree that Ezekiel was the author. _____________
II. Dates _____________
A. Date Written: Between 593 and 570 BC _____________
1. Ezekiel ministered between the years 593 and 570 BC _____________
2. Ezekiel was taken into exile in 597 BC with the second group _____________
of captives. The first group was taken in 605 BC (Daniel was _____________
taken to Babylon). The second group was taken in 597 BC
(Ezekiel was taken to Babylon). The third group was taken in
_____________
586 BC (Jeremiah was left in the land while Zedekiah was _____________
taken to Babylon). _____________
A. Ezekiel addressed his book to the exiles in Babylon who were _____________
discouraged and deluded with false hopes of an early return to _____________
their homeland (cf. Ez. 12:25).
_____________
IV. Purpose
_____________
A. Historical: To comfort and encourage God’s people by
revealing God’s plans for their full and final restoration and to
_____________
counteract any false hope of an early return to their homeland. _____________
B. Christological: Ezekiel anticipates Christ as the glory of God (cf. _____________
Ez. 10:18-19). He is presented as the Restorer of Israel. _____________
A. Ezekiel _____________
1. The Hebrew name, Yechezqel, means “God strengthens.” _____________
________________ of God

Outline of Ezekiel _____________
I. God’s Denunciation of Judah: The Departure of God’s Glory (1-24) _____________
A. The Ordination of the Prophet (1-3) _____________
B. The Proclamation of the Prophet (4-24) _____________
1. The Nearness of God’s Judgment (4-7) _____________
2. The Need of Jerusalem’s Judgment (8-11) _____________
3. The Nature of God’s Judgment (12-24)
_____________
II. God’s Visitation on the Nations: Preparation for Glory (25-32)
_____________
_____________
III. God’s Restoration of Israel: The Return of God’s Glory (33-48)
_____________
A. New Life will be Bestowed on Israel (33-39)
_____________
1. Exhortations to God’s People (33-34)
_____________
2. Resurrection of God’s People (35-37) _____________
3. Visitation on Israel’s Enemies (38-39) _____________
B. A New Order will be Established in Israel (40-48) _____________
1. The Messianic Temple (40-43) _____________
2. The Messianic Worship (44-46) _____________
3. The Messianic Land and River (47-48) _____________
_____________
How to Interpret Ezekiel 40-48
_____________
_____________
I. The Spiritual Interpretation
_____________
A. The New Testament teaches that Christ fulfilled and did away
with the Old Testament system of priestly sacrificial offering (cf.
_____________
Heb. 8:8-10). _____________
B. The book of Revelation describes the Heavenly City of the future _____________
as having no Temple or sacrifices, only Christ the Lamb (cf. Rev. _____________
21:22ff).
_____________
C. Ezekiel pictures the Gentiles as excluded from Israel’s Temple; _____________
this is contrary to the New Testament teaching that Jew and
Gentile are one in Christ (cf. Gal. 3:28; Eph. 2:12-22). _____________
D. The New Testament speaks of the church as a spiritual Israel and _____________
indicates that Old Testament predictions are fulfilled spiritually or _____________
symbolically in the Christian church (cf. Gal. 6:16; Heb. 8:8-10). _____________
II. The Literal Interpretation _____________
NOTE: According to this interpretation there will be a literal _____________
restoration of the Temple and sacrificial system for Israel during the
thousand-year messianic reign of Christ (cf. Rev. 20). This
_____________
interpretation seems better for the following reasons: _____________
A. Ezekiel presents highly detailed descriptions, numerous _____________
measurements, and historical scenes that do not fit with a

symbolic interpretation.
_____________
B. The general rule of hermeneutics (interpretation) is this: “When _____________
the plain sense of Scripture makes common sense, seek no
other sense; therefore, take every word at its primary, ordinary, _____________
usual, literal meaning unless the facts of the immediate context, _____________
studied in the light of related passages and axiomatic and _____________
fundamental truths indicate clearly otherwise.” This is known as
Cooper’s Golden Rule of Interpretation (Dr. David L. Cooper). _____________
Here is an abbreviated paraphrase of his rule: “when the literal _____________
sense makes good sense, seek no other sense lest it result in _____________
nonsense.”
_____________
C. The Bible makes a clear distinction between the Christian
church (which began after Christ; cf. Matt. 16:18; Acts 1:16; I _____________
Cor. 12:13) and the nation of Israel (I Cor. 10:32; Rom. 9:11). _____________
Promises unique to Abraham and his descendants, such as the _____________
promise of the Holy Land (cf. Gen. 12:1-3), are not fulfilled in the
Christian church. _____________
D. The picture in Revelation 21 (no Temple or sacrifices) is not that
_____________
of the thousand-year messianic reign (cf. Rev. 20) but of the _____________
eternal state to follow. Ezekiel’s prediction (40-48) is to be _____________
literally fulfilled during the thousand years; later in the New
Heaven and Earth there will be no Temple or sacrifices.
_____________
E. The sacrifices of the messianic kingdom have no atoning
_____________
significance; they are merely memorial in nature, looking back _____________
to the accomplished work of Christ on the cross. This is similar to _____________
what the elements of the Lord’s Supper do for a Christian.
_____________
F. If the thousand-year reign described in Revelation is a literal
restoration of the Kingdom of Israel and if the Christian church
_____________
as Christ’s bride reigns with Him, there is no reason to doubt that _____________
the picture in Ezekiel applies distinctively to Israel and not to _____________
Gentiles. However, even in the Old Testament, believing
Gentiles were envisioned as being brought into a united society
_____________
of God’s people under the Lord (cf. Isa. 11:10-16). Ezekiel’s _____________
picture should not be pressed in such detail as to exclude what _____________
other Old Testament prophets foresaw.
_____________
_____________
_____________
_____________
_____________
_____________
_____________
_____________
_____________
_____________

Daniel _____________
(3 of 3 Exilic Books) _____________
_____________
Vital Statistics of Daniel _____________
A. Daniel _____________
B. Support for Daniel as author _____________
1. The whole book claims to come from the same Daniel who _____________
was taken captive by Nebuchadnezzar in 605 BC (1:1). _____________
2. Jesus referred to the book as the work of Daniel the prophet _____________
(cf. Dan. 9:27; 11:31; 12:11 with Matt. 24:15). _____________
3. The book of Ezekiel refers to Daniel as a famous believer (cf. _____________
Ez. 14:14, 20; 28:3).
_____________
4. The Jewish Talmud attributes authorship to Daniel of the sixth
century BC.
_____________
II. Dates
_____________
_____________
_____________
NOTE: Despite the fact that critics argue that all of Daniel (or at
least chs. 7-12) was written in the Maccabean period (i.e. c. 165
_____________
BC), the same evidence that supports Daniel as author also _____________
favors a date of 530 BC. _____________
1. The book of Daniel does not match the linguistic and _____________
vocabulary of the Maccabean period.
_____________
2. Daniel, a contemporary of Jeremiah and Ezekiel, was taken _____________
captive during the reign of Jehoiakim (605 BC).
_____________
3. His book records events and visions dating from 605 BC (1:1)
to 536 BC (10:1). _____________
4. Critics argue that Daniel from the 6th century BC could not
_____________
have known the details of the world governments. This view _____________
denies supernatural prophecy. _____________
5. Therefore, it is believed that Daniel completed his book _____________
around 530 BC.
_____________
A. The immediate audiences of his interpretations of dreams and _____________
visions were the Gentile kings under whom he worked (cf. Dan.
2:36; 4:19). Most of the book, appears to be Daniel’s memoirs of _____________
God’s revelations to him during the Babylonian captivity. _____________
IV. Purpose _____________
A. Historical: Daniel’s prophecies were preserved for the _____________
encouragement of the exiles (cf. Dan. 2:44; 12:1ff). His book _____________
served to comfort the exiled people of Israel with news that their
nation would be restored. They are to remain faithful to the Lord

God no matter how difficult the circumstances (cf. Dan. 6).
_____________
B. Christological: Christ is portrayed as the coming Messiah, the _____________
anointed One (cf. Dan. 9:26). Christ is portrayed as the great
stone who will crush the kingdoms of this world (cf. 2:34, 45), the _____________
son of man (7:13), and the Ancient of Days (7:22). The vision of _____________
10:2-9 is believed to be a Christophany (an appearance of _____________
Christ).
_____________
_____________
A. Daniel
_____________
1. The Hebrew name, Daniyyel, means “God is my judge.” _____________
________________ or ________________ One _____________
_____________
Outline of Daniel _____________
I. The Historical Narration (1-6) _____________
A. The Selection of Daniel (1)
_____________
B. The Secrets of God (2)
_____________
_____________
C. The Steadfastness of God’s Servants (3)
_____________
D. The Sovereignty of God (4)
_____________
E. The Sin and Fall of Babylon (5)
_____________
F. The Supplication and Deliverance (6) _____________
II. The Prophetical Revelations (7-12) _____________
A. The Symbol’s Significance (7) _____________
B. The Sacrilege in the Sanctuary (8) _____________
C. The Seventy Sevens (of Years) (9) _____________
D. The Strength from the Savior (10) _____________
E. The Sinister Savior (11) _____________
F. The Salvation of the Saints (12) _____________
_____________
_____________
Personal History of Daniel (1-6)
_____________
I. Four Hebrews (1)
_____________
A. Daniel: “God is my Judge” to Beltesshazzar: “Bel is my _____________
Judge/Protector”
_____________
B. Hananiah: “mercy of the Lord” to Shadrach: “mercy of Marduk”
_____________
C. Mishael: “who is like God” to Meschach: “who is like Marduk”
_____________
D. Azariah: “servants of YHWH” to Abed-nego: “servant of Nebo” _____________
II. Four Empires (2)

A. Nebuchadnezzar’s Dream: Image
_____________
B. Nebuchadnezzar’s Wrath: Execution _____________
C. Daniel’s Opportunity: Interpretation _____________
1. Babylon _____________
2. Media-Persia _____________
3. Greece _____________
4. Rome _____________
5. Iron and Clay _____________
6. Stone Kingdom _____________
7. Fills the Earth
_____________
III. Friends in the Fiery Furnace (3)
_____________
_____________
A. Golden Idol (sexagesimal system)
_____________
B. Musical Instruments
_____________
1. Cornet: animal horn
_____________
2. Flute: wooden pipe
_____________
3. Lyre: harp _____________
4. Sackbut: triangle _____________
5. Psaltery: stringed instrument _____________
6. Dulcimer: bagpipe _____________
C. Fiery Furnace: Brick kiln with wind tunnels and a vacuum _____________
chamber _____________
IV. Fate of Nebuchadnezzar (4) _____________
A. Nebuchadnezzar “cracks”: 576 BC _____________
B. Nebuchadnezzar converted: 569 BC _____________
C. Nebuchadnezzar dies: 562 BC _____________
NOTE: Lycanthropy = wolf man insanity _____________
V. Fall of Babylon (5) _____________
A. Family Line
_____________
B. Nabonidus Chronicle
_____________
_____________
C. Handwriting on the Wall
_____________
1. Mene: numbered
_____________
2. Tekel: weighed
_____________
3. Peres: divided _____________
D. Cyrus cylinder: Babylon fell to Persia on Oct. 12, 539 BC _____________
VI. False Accusation _____________
A. Rise of Cyrus the Great

1. Conquered Media: 550 BC
_____________
2. Conquered Lydia: 546 BC _____________
3. Conquered Babylon: 539 BC _____________
4. Died in Battle: 530 BC _____________
B. Identity of Darius the Mede _____________
1. Problem: no reference in secular history _____________
2. Not Cyrus (Persian) _____________
3. Probably Gubaru: Governor of Babylon _____________
C. Dilemma of Darius _____________
1. Law vs. Prayer (30 days)
_____________
2. Den of Lions: Trial by ordeal
_____________
_____________
_____________
Prophetic Ministry of Daniel (7-12) _____________
I. Vision of Four Beasts (7) _____________
A. Lion: Babylon _____________
B. Bear: Media-Persia _____________
NOTE: Three ribs in mouth of bear (Persia) _____________
1. Babylon _____________
2. Lydia _____________
3. Egypt
_____________
C. Leopard: Greece
_____________
_____________
NOTE: Four heads on Leopard
_____________
1. Antigonus (Syria)
_____________
2. Ptolemy (Egypt)
_____________
3. Lysimacus
_____________
4. Cassander _____________
D. Monster: Rome _____________
E. Other Terms (Same imagery as the book of Revelation) _____________
1. Ten Horns: European Empire _____________
2. Little Horn: Antichrist _____________
3. “Ancient of Days”: God the Father _____________
4. “Son of Man”: Christ _____________
5. “Saints”: Jews _____________
6. “Time, Times, Half a Time” = 3 ½ years
_____________
II. Vision of the Ram and Goat (8)
_____________
A. Ram with two horns: Media-Persia
B. Goat with one horn: Greece led by Alexander the Great
_____________
NOTE: After winning battle, when horn breaks off goat _____________
represents Alexander’s early death
_____________
C. Prediction: Persia will fall to Greece
_____________
III. Vision of the 70 Sevens (9)
_____________
A. Prologue (9:1-2) _____________
B. Prayer for Revival (9:3-19) _____________
C. Preview of the Future (9:20-27) _____________
1. 70 weeks = “weeks” of years (490 total years) _____________
a. Term shavuah, “sevens” _____________
b. Prophetic calendar – 490 years of Jewish history _____________
c. Start: 445-444 BC with Decree of Artaxerxes to Nehemiah _____________
to rebuild Jerusalem _____________
d. Lunar calendar with 116 leap years _____________
2. Israel under the Gentiles _____________
a. 7 “weeks” = 49 years (return and rebuild) _____________
b. 62 “weeks” = 434 years (intertestamental period) _____________
c. Total 69 “weeks” = 483 years (from decree to rebuild until _____________
death of Christ) _____________
3. 70th Seven = 7 years of Tribulation _____________
a. Messiah “cut off” (crucified) on April 3, 32 AD (?) This _____________
would be 483 years. _____________
b. Church Age: An undated gap ending with the Rapture _____________
c. 1000 years = Millennial Kingdom _____________
4. Views of Eschatology _____________
a. Pre-millennial: Christ returns before Millennium _____________
b. Post-millennial: Christ returns after Millennium
_____________
c. A-millennial: No literal Millennium
_____________
_____________
5. Views of Tribulation
_____________
a. Pre-tribulation: Church is raptured before Tribulation
_____________
b. Post-tribulation: Church is raptured after Tribulation
_____________
c. Mid-tribulation: Church is raptured in middle of Tribulation
_____________
IV. Vision of the Last Days (10-12) _____________
A. Glory Revealed (10) _____________
B. Rise and Fall of Syria and Egypt (11:1-35) _____________
C. Coming of the Antichrist (11:36-45) _____________
NOTE: “Time of Trouble” = Tribulation Period

D. Future Resurrection (12)
_____________
NOTE: “Seal up the Book” _____________
_____________
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_____________
• What are the two basic meanings of the word prophecy and
how do these meanings relate to the broad and narrow
_____________
subject matter of prophecy? _____________
• What three major chronological divisions do the seventeen _____________
prophets fall into and what characterizes each period? _____________
• What do the descriptions of Christ in Isaiah tell us about Him? _____________
• What evidence do we have concerning authorship of each _____________
of the Major Prophets? _____________
• What is “Cooper’s Golden Rule of Interpretation”? How is it _____________
applied to interpreting Ezekiel? _____________
• Why do critics attempt to date the book of Daniel during the _____________
Maccabean Period (i.e. c. 165 BC)? What evidence renders
their attempts futile? _____________
_____________
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SESSION SIX
The Books of Prophecy

Part II: Minor Prophets
God, who at various times and in various ways spoke in time past to the fathers by the prophets,
has in these last days spoken to us by His Son, whom He has appointed heir of all things,
through whom also He made the worlds.
Hebrews 1:1-2

Hosea _____________
_____________
Vital Statistics of Hosea _____________
A. Hosea, the son of Beeri, a citizen of northern Israel (cf. 7:5) _____________
B. Support for Hosea as author _____________
1. The book claims Hosea as the author (1:1) _____________
2. Critics generally agree _____________
II. Dates
_____________
A. Date Written: About 720 BC
_____________
_____________
1. Some of the book appears to have been written before the
death of Jeroboam II (753 BC), since the first chapter _____________
regards the end of Jehu’s dynasty as yet future. _____________
2. Hosea 5 seems to have been intended for king Menahem _____________
(742 BC). _____________
3. Hosea 7 may have been written during Hoshea’s dealings _____________
with Egypt (722 BC).
_____________
4. Hosea’s ministry extended from at least 760 to 710 BC (cf. II
Kings 14:17).
_____________
_____________
_____________
A. Hosea was written for the northern ten tribes of Israel (cf. 1:1;
5:1). _____________
IV. Purpose
_____________
_____________
A. Historical: Hosea is a dramatic illustration of God’s love for
unfaithful Israel. _____________
B. Christological: The Messiah is presented as the Son of God _____________
(11:1), the only Savior of His people (13:4), the one who will _____________
ransom us from the dead (13:14; cf. I Cor. 15:55), but primarily as _____________
our compassionate lover (11:4), and the healer of the backslider
(6:1). It demonstrates the undying love of Christ. _____________
_____________
A. Hosea
_____________
_____________
1. The Hebrew name, Hoshe’a, means “salvation.”
_____________
_____________
The ________________ ________________
_____________
_____________
_____________
_____________

Outline of Hosea: Undying Love _____________
I. A Faithful Husband and Unfaithful Wife: Personal Affection (1-3) _____________
A. The ________________ (Jezreel “God will scatter”, Lo-Ruhamah _____________
“not pitied”, and Lo-Ammi “not my people): Names were signs _____________
of God’s dealings with them.
_____________
B. The ________________ (Gomer): Gomer was an unfaithful wife.
_____________
C. The ________________ (Hosea): Hosea loved his wife in spite of her
unfaithfulness.
_____________
_____________
II. A Faithful Lord and an Unfaithful Israel (4-14)
_____________
A. The Transgression of Israel (4-8)
_____________
B. The Visitation of Israel (9-10)
_____________
C. The Restoration of Israel (11-14) _____________
_____________
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Joel _____________
_____________
Vital Statistics of Joel _____________
A. Joel, the son of Pethuel, a prophet of Judah _____________
B. Support for Hosea as author _____________
1. The book claims Joel as the author (1:1) _____________
2. Critics generally agree _____________
II. Dates
_____________
A. Date Written: Early pre-exilic, around 830 BC (cf. II Kings 12)
_____________
_____________
1. The enemies of Israel fit Joel’s period (no mention of
Assyrians or Babylonians) _____________
2. Similarities between Joel (3:18) and Amos (9:13). _____________
_____________
A. Joel’s message was directed to Jerusalem and Judah where
_____________
the Temple and priests were located. _____________
IV. Purpose _____________
A. Historical: Joel was given as a warning of God’s impending
_____________
judgment on Judah _____________
B. Christological: Christ is presented as the one who gives the Holy _____________
Spirit (2:28), who judges the nations (3:2, 12), and who is the _____________
Refuge and Stronghold for His people (3:16).
_____________
_____________
A. Joel _____________
1. The Hebrew name, Yo’el, means “YHWH is God.” _____________
The ________________ and ________________ for His people _____________
_____________
Outline of Joel: Coming Day of the Lord _____________
I. Desolation from the Lord (1:1-2:17)
_____________
_____________
A. The Historical Aspect (1:1-20)
_____________
B. The Prophetical Aspect (2:1-17)
_____________
II. Deliverance of the Lord (2:18-3:21)
_____________
A. The Promise of Present Blessing (2:18-27) _____________
B. The Promise of Future Blessing (2:28-3:21) _____________
_____________

Amos _____________
_____________
Vital Statistics of Amos _____________
A. Amos, a herdsman (7:14) from Tekoa (near Bethlehem) _____________
B. Support for Amos as author _____________
1. The book claims Amos as the author (1:1) _____________
2. Amos uses pastoral language (cf. 7:10ff) _____________
II. Dates
_____________
_____________
_____________
1. Amos’ ministry can be dated around 755 BC (cf. II Kings 14)
during the latter part of the reign of Jeroboam II of Israel _____________
(1:1). This was a time of great military success and _____________
materialism for the northern tribes, a fact that became a _____________
target of the prophet’s scorching attack.
_____________
_____________
A. Amos directed his message to the wicked but prosperous
northern ten tribes (cf. 3:1, 12; 7:10, 14, 15), although he himself
_____________
was from Judah in the south (1:1). _____________
IV. Purpose _____________
A. Historical: The purpose of Amas was to call the prosperous and _____________
materialistic northern tribes under Jeroboam II to repentance of _____________
their sins. _____________
B. Christological: The book presents Christ as the Rebuilder of _____________
David’s Tabernacle (9:11) and the Husbandman of His people
(9:13).
_____________
_____________
_____________
A. Amos
_____________
1. The Hebrew name Amos means “carried.”
_____________
_____________
________________ of Sins _____________
_____________
_____________
_____________
_____________
_____________
_____________
_____________

Outline of Amos: Judgment _____________
I. The Declarations of Sin and Judgment (1-2) _____________
A. Syria for cruelty (1:3-5) _____________
B. Philistia for slavery (1:6-8) _____________
C. Phoenicia for breaking a treaty (1:9-10) _____________
D. Edom for its revengeful spirit (1:11-12) _____________
E. Ammon for violence (1:13-15)
_____________
F. Moab for injustice (2:1-3)
_____________
_____________
G. Judah for perverting the law (2:4-6)
_____________
H. Israel for perverting the law (2:6-16)
_____________
II. The Exhortations about Sin and Judgment (3-6)
_____________
A. The Reason for God’s Judgment: Sin (3) _____________
B. The Result of God’s Judgment: Destruction (4) _____________
C. The Repentance in View of the Sin and God’s Judgment (5-6) _____________
III. The Visions of Judgment and Restoration (7-9) _____________
A. The Vision of the Locusts (7:1-3) _____________
B. The Vision of the Fire (7:4-6) _____________
C. The Vision of the Plumb Line (7:7-9) _____________
D. The Vision of the Basket of Summer Fruit (8:1-14) _____________
E. The Vision of the Smiting of the Temple (9:1-10)
_____________
F. The Vision of the Restoration (9:11-15)
_____________
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Obadiah _____________
_____________
Vital Statistics of Obadiah _____________
A. Obadiah _____________
B. Support for Obadiah as author _____________
1. The book claims Obadiah as the author (1:1) _____________
2. Jeremiah cites Obadiah (cf. Jer. 49:7-22)
_____________
3. Jewish history supports authorship by Obadiah
_____________
_____________
II. Dates
_____________
A. Date Written: Uncertain. Perhaps 840-830 BC
_____________
1. Some suggest the Babylonian captivity time (sixth century
BC)
_____________
_____________
a. The quotation by Jeremiah (cf. Jer. 49:7-22) seems to
eliminate the possibility of the late date (sixth century BC) _____________
2. Some suggest during the reign of Ahaz (eighth century BC) _____________
a. The historical record of the attack of the Edomites and
_____________
Philistines at that time (cf. II Chron. 28:17) makes no _____________
mention of the capture and desolation of Jerusalem as _____________
depicted in Obadiah 11.
_____________
3. Some suggest Jehoshaphat’s time (ninth century BC)
_____________
a. The ninth century seems to be the best option as history _____________
supports the capture and temporary destruction of
Jerusalem with that inflicted by Edom in the days of _____________
Jehoram (cf. II Kings 8:20). _____________
A. If Obadiah was written around 840-830 BC, the book was written _____________
to the people of Judah just after Jehoram and during the reigns _____________
of the wicked queen Athaliah, the evil king Ahaziah, and the
young Joash. It was a prophecy about Edom’s doom but it was
_____________
a comfort to Judah. _____________
IV. Purpose _____________
A. Historical: To pronounce doom on Edom and to predict the _____________
restoration of the land of Judah. _____________
B. Christological: The book pictures the coming Messiah as both _____________
Savior and Possessor of the Kingdom. _____________
A. Obadiah _____________
1. The Hebrew name, ‘Ovadyah, means “servant of YHWH.” _____________

_____________
________________ _____________
_____________
Outline of Obadiah: Doom of Edom _____________
I. The Doom of Edom Pronounced (1-16) _____________
A. The Certainty of Edom’s Overthrow (1-9) _____________
B. The Cause of Edom’s Overthrow (10-14) _____________
1. Violence
_____________
_____________
2. Pride
_____________
C. The Character of Edom’s Overthrow (15-16)
_____________
II. The Deliverance of Judah (17-21)
_____________
A. The Triumph of Judah over Her Enemies (17-18)
_____________
B. The Treasures of Judah in Her Possession of the Land (19-20) _____________
C. The Triumph of Judah as the Lord Possess the Kingdom (21) _____________
_____________
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Jonah _____________
_____________
Vital Statistics of Jonah _____________
A. Jonah, the son of Amittai, a prophet from Galilee _____________
B. Support for Jonah as author _____________
1. The book claims Jonah as author (1:1) _____________
2. The historical character of the book which names real _____________
places and persons _____________
3. Corroboration from another historical source (cf. II Kings _____________
14:25) _____________
4. The testimony of Jesus in the New Testament (cf. Matt. 12:40) _____________
II. Dates _____________
A. Date Written: 780-760 BC _____________
1. Jonah was an early pre-exilic prophet to the northern _____________
kingdom (cf. II Kings 14) _____________
2. Jonah’s ministry is dated during the reign of Jeroboam II of _____________
Israel
_____________
A. Jonah was writing to those proud and patriotic fellow- _____________
countrymen who were under taxation by the notoriously evil
Assyrian empire.
_____________
IV. Purpose
_____________
_____________
A. Historical: A strong rebuke to the proud patriotism of the Jews
that was blinding them from seeing God’s love for the Gentiles. _____________
B. Christological: The New Testament identifies Jonah as a type of
_____________
Christ’s resurrection (cf. Matt. 12:40). Through Jonah, Christ is _____________
pictured as a prophet to the nations. _____________
A. Jonah _____________
1. The Hebrew name, Yonah means “dove.” _____________
Savior and Lord of the ________________ _____________
_____________
_____________
_____________
_____________
_____________

Outline of Jonah: The Sovereignty of God _____________
I. The Disobedient Prophet: Running Away from the Lord (1) _____________
II. The Disciplined Prophet: Running Back to the Lord (2) _____________
III. The Dynamic Prophet: Running With the Lord (3) _____________
IV. The Disappointed Prophet: Running Ahead of the Lord (3) _____________
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Micah _____________
_____________
Vital Statistics of Micah _____________
A. Micah, the Morasthite, a contemporary of Hosea and Isaiah _____________
B. Support for Micah as author _____________
1. The book claims Micah as the author (1:1) _____________
2. The confirmation of early Jewish teaching _____________
II. Dates
_____________
_____________
_____________
1. Micah was an early pre-exilic prophet during the reigns of
Jotham, Ahaz, and Hezekiah, kings of Judah (cf. II Kings 15- _____________
20). _____________
A. The book of Micah is written about both Israel and Judah, but is _____________
directed to Judah. _____________
IV. Purpose _____________
A. Historical: Micah’s shows God’s hatred of His people’s _____________
passionless ritual and sin (cf. Mic. 6:7) and His offer of pardon to _____________
them.
_____________
B. Christological: Micah presents Christ as the God of Jacob (4:2),
the Judge of the nations (4:3), and the Ruler in Israel who will be _____________
born in the city of Bethlehem (cf. Mic. 5:2 with Matt. 2:1-6). _____________
A. Micah _____________
1. The Hebrew name, Mikhah, means “Who is like YHWH?” _____________
_____________
The Savior from ________________
_____________
_____________
_____________
Outline of Micah: Salvation _____________
I. The Denunciation of the Lord (Judgment) (1-3) _____________
A. …Pronounced on Samaria for its Idolatry (1:1-7) _____________
B. …Pronounced on Judah for its Idolatry and Wickedness (1:8- _____________
2:13) _____________
C. …Pronounced on the Princes and Prophets for Their Injustice _____________
and Deception (3)
_____________
II. The Consolation of the Lord (Glory) (4-7)
_____________
A. Prophecy (4-5)

1. Salvation that includes Gentiles (cf. Mic. 4:1-3)
_____________
2. Savior will be born in Bethlehem (cf. Mic. 5:2) _____________
B. Pleading (6) _____________
1. Do Justice _____________
2. Love Kindness _____________
3. Walk Humbly with Your God _____________
C. Pardoning (7) _____________
1. Pardon of Iniquity _____________
2. Passing over Transgression _____________
_____________
_____________
Major Themes of Micah
_____________
I. Alternate Outline
_____________
A. Judgment of the Lord: “Hear all ye people” (1-2) _____________
B. Hope of the Lord: “Hear, heads of Jacob” (3-5) _____________
C. Pardon of the Lord: “Hear, O mountains” (6-7) _____________
II. Prophecies of Micah _____________
A. Fall of Samaria (1:6-7) _____________
B. Invasion of Assyria (1:9-16; 7:12-13) _____________
C. Fall of Jerusalem (3:12) _____________
D. Babylonian Captivity (4:10) _____________
E. Return from Exile (4:10)
_____________
F. Birth of Messiah (5:2)
_____________
_____________
G. Salvation of Gentiles (4:1-2)
_____________
_____________
_____________
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Nahum _____________
_____________
Vital Statistics of Nahum _____________
A. Nahum _____________
B. Support for Nahum as author _____________
1. The book claims Nahum as author (1:1) _____________
C. Nahum the Elkoshite _____________
1. Jerome, a 4th century historian, held that Nahum was from
_____________
Elkesi in Galilee. _____________
2. Some suggest Nahum was from Capernaum, which means _____________
“city of Nahum.” They suggest the city’s name was _____________
changed in honor of its most famous citizen.
_____________
3. Some suggest Nahum was from Alqush near Mosul in Assyria.
_____________
4. It is most likely that Nahum was from Elecesei, a city in Judah _____________
between Jerusalem and Gaza, since the internal evidence
of the book indicates he was a native of Judah. _____________
II. Dates
_____________
_____________
_____________
1. Nahum refers to the fall of Thebes in Egypt as a past event.
This event occurred in 661 BC. _____________
2. He predicted the fall of Nineveh, which took place in 612 _____________
BC. _____________
3. This would place Nahum during the reigns of Manasseh, _____________
Amon, and Josiah, kings of Judah that reigned 650-620 BC _____________
(cf. II Kings 21)
_____________
_____________
A. Nahum was written to the kingdom of Judah though it _____________
concerned the fall of Nineveh.
_____________
IV. Purpose
_____________
A. Historical: Nahum comforted the faithful in Judah by describing
the justice of God in the condemnation of Nineveh.
_____________
_____________
B. Christological: Nahum sees Christ as the jealous God (1:2) and
the Avenger of His adversaries. _____________
A. Nahum
_____________
_____________
1. The Hebrew name, Nachum, means “comforter.”
_____________
_____________
The ________________

Outline of Nahum: Judgment of Nineveh (Assyria) _____________
I. The Judgment of Nineveh Declared (1) _____________
A. The Character of God is Described (1:1-7) _____________
B. The Condemnation of Nineveh is Declared (1:8-15) _____________
II. The Judgment on Nineveh Described (2) _____________
A. The Siege of the City (2:1-8) _____________
B. The Sack of the City (2:9-13)
_____________
III. The Judgment on Nineveh Defended (3)
_____________
_____________
A. Sin and Wickedness Demanded God’s Judgment (3:1-7)
_____________
B. Strength and Wealth Cannot Detour God’s Judgment (3:8-19)
_____________
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Habakkuk _____________
_____________
Vital Statistics of Habakkuk _____________
A. Habakkuk _____________
B. Support for Habakkuk as author _____________
1. The book claims Habakkuk as the author (1:1; 3:1) _____________
2. Habakkuk was a Judean prophet with a levitical _____________
background (cf. Hab. 3:19). _____________
3. Habakkuk was a contemporary of Jeremiah. _____________
4. Critics challenge Habakkuk as the author of chapter three _____________
because it is a psalm and not prophecy. They claim he uses _____________
musical terms which came later in Israel’s history. However, it
would not be unusual for someone within the levitical
_____________
tradition to be familiar with and interested in music and _____________
psalms. David originated much of the levitical music (cf. I _____________
Chron. 25; Amos 6:5).
_____________
II. Dates
_____________
A. Date Written: 620-605 BC _____________
1. Habakkuk lived during the reigns of Josiah, Jehoahaz, and _____________
Jehoiakim (cf. II Kings 22-24).
_____________
2. Seems to be written before the Babylonians invaded Judah
(605 BC).
_____________
_____________
3. Seems to be written after Josiah’s reforms (620 BC).
_____________
_____________
A. Habakkuk directs his message of condemnation at the greedy
nobles and the shameless religious leaders who were oppressing
_____________
the common people of Judah. God’s promises were conveyed _____________
to the faithful who were apparently dismayed that God had not _____________
intervened to vindicate justice.
_____________
IV. Purpose
_____________
A. Historical: To bring comfort to the faithful in Judah with the _____________
justice of God’s coming judgment on the evil Chaldeans.
_____________
B. Christological: Christ will some day fill the earth “with the
knowledge of the glory of the Lord, as the waters cover the sea” _____________
(Hab. 2:14). _____________
A. Habakkuk _____________
1. The Hebrew name, Chavaqquq, means “embrace.” _____________
_____________

_____________
The ________________ who ________________ the Righteous _____________
by Faith (2:4)
_____________
_____________
Outline of Habakkuk: Judgment of Babylon _____________
I. Faith Tested (1) _____________
A. The prophet requested God answer the violence and _____________
corruption. (1:1-4) _____________
B. God replied that He would bring in the Chaldeans to chastise _____________
Judah. (1:5-11)
_____________
C. The prophet remonstrated that God could use a nation more
evil than Judah (i.e. Chaldeans) as His instrument of judgment.
_____________
(1:12-17) _____________
II. Faith Taught (2) _____________
A. The Waiting Prophet (2:1) _____________
B. The Willing Lord (2:2-5)
_____________
C. The Woeful Nation (2:6-20)
_____________
_____________
III. Faith Triumphant (3)
_____________
A. The Person of God (3:1-5)
_____________
B. The Power of God (3:6-12)
_____________
C. The Purpose of God (3:13-19)
_____________
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Zephaniah _____________
_____________
Vital Statistics of Zephaniah _____________
A. Zephaniah, the great-grandson of Hezekiah _____________
B. Support for Zephaniah as author _____________
1. The book claims Zephaniah as author _____________
2. Zephaniah is the only prophet of royal blood _____________
3. The character and content of the book fit its claim to be the
_____________
work of Zephaniah _____________
II. Dates _____________
A. Date Written: 630-621 BC _____________
1. Zephaniah was a contemporary of Jeremiah and Habakkuk
_____________
2. Written during the reign of Josiah (cf. Zeph. 1:1) prior to the
_____________
revival of 621 BC (cf. II Kings 22-23) _____________
3. If Zephaniah 2 is making reference to the Scythian invasion _____________
of about 630 BC, then the prophet wrote between 630 and _____________
621 BC.
_____________
A. The message addresses the people of Judah whose moral and _____________
religious interest had been dulled by the influence of the evil
reigns of Manasseh and Amon (cf. Zeph. 3:1-7).
_____________
IV. Purpose
_____________
_____________
A. Historical: To warn Judah of the impending doom on both
Judah and the nations for their sins, and to call on them for _____________
repentance. _____________
B. Christological: The Savior is presented as the righteous Lord _____________
within Israel (3:5), the witness against the nations (3:8), and “the _____________
King of Israel, the Lord” (3:15).
_____________
_____________
A. Zephaniah
_____________
1. The Hebrew name, Tzefanyah, means “YHWH has hidden.” _____________
The King of ________________ _____________
_____________
_____________
_____________
_____________

Outline of Zephaniah: Judgment & Restoration of Judah _____________
I. The Execution of Retribution: God’s Jealousy is Kindled against _____________
Judah (1) _____________
A. Who will bring the judgment: God (1:1) _____________
B. What God will do: “utterly sweep aware everything” (1:2-3) _____________
C. Why God will do it: idolatry (1:4-6) _____________
D. On whom judgment will come: officials, princes, and inhabitants _____________
of Judah (1:7-13) _____________
E. How great judgment will be: wrath, distress, anguish (1:14-18) _____________
II. The Exhortation to Repentance: God’s Jealousy is Kindled against _____________
the Gentiles (2-3a)
_____________
A. God’s call to Judah (2:1-3) _____________
B. God’s condemnation on the Gentiles (2:4-15) _____________
C. God will not overlook the corruption of Jerusalem (3:1-7) _____________
III. The Expectation of Redemption: God’s Jealousy Quenched for _____________
Judah (3b)
_____________
A. The cleansing of the nations (3:8-10) _____________
B. The restoration of Israel (3:11-13) _____________
C. The jubilation of Israel (3:14-20) _____________
_____________
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Haggai _____________
(1 of 3 Post-Exilic Books) _____________
_____________
Vital Statistics of Haggai _____________
A. Haggai _____________
B. Support for Haggai as author _____________
1. The book claims Haggai as author (1:12-13; 2:1, 20) _____________
2. Haggai was a contemporary of Zechariah the prophet and _____________
Zerubbabel the governor _____________
3. The book is in unity of the message, style, and time _____________
4. Historical reference in Ezra 6:14 to the prophet Haggai _____________
5. Jewish tradition supports Haggai as the author _____________
II. Dates _____________
A. Date Written: 520 BC _____________
1. Haggai’s post-exilic prophecies are the most precisely dated
_____________
writings in the Old Testament. _____________
2. The second year of King Darius is precisely 520 BC. _____________
3. The first message was given on the first day of Elul (Aug.- _____________
Sept.), 520 BC. _____________
4. The second message was given on the twenty-first day of _____________
Tishri (Sept.-Oct.), 520 BC. _____________
5. The last message was given on the twenty-fourth day of _____________
Chisleu (Nov.-Dec.), 520 BC.
_____________
A. Haggai was writing to the remnant who returned in 538 BC and _____________
began to rebuild the Temple in 536 BC. Discouragement and
indifference set in as the site lay idle for sixteen years. God _____________
stirred up the people through the prophetic ministries of Haggai _____________
and Zechariah (cf. Ezra 5-6). _____________
IV. Purpose _____________
A. Historical: To exhort the returned remnant to rebuild the Temple _____________
in Jerusalem
_____________
B. Christological: The Restorer of the Temple’s glory (cf. 2:7-9), the _____________
Overthrower of the kingdoms of this world (cf. 2:22), and the
Signet Ring for Israel (cf. 2:23). _____________
_____________
A. Haggai
_____________
_____________
1. The Hebrew name, Haggai, means “festive.”

_____________
The ________________ of the Temple’s Glory _____________
_____________
Outline of Haggai: Finish the Job _____________
I. The Word of Reproof: The Temple’s Construction (1) Dated: Elul 1, _____________
520 BC _____________
A. The Temple of the Lord was Unfinished (1:1-6) _____________
B. The Trouble of the People was Explained (1:7-11) _____________
C. The Testimony of the Prophet was Heeded (1:12-15) _____________
II. The Word of Support: The Temple’s Consolation (2:1-9) Dated: Tishri _____________
21, 520 BC _____________
A. The Perplexity of the People (2:1-3) _____________
B. A Promise from the Lord (2:4-5) _____________
C. A Prediction about the Future Temple (2:6-9) _____________
III. The Word of Blessing: The Temple’s Sanctity (2:10-19) Dated: Chisleu _____________
24, 520 BC _____________
A. Perversity (evil) is Contagious (2:10-13) _____________
B. People were Contaminated (2:14-17) _____________
C. Promise was Certain (2:18-19) _____________
IV. The Word of Promise: The Temple’s Strength (2:20-23) Dated: Chisleu _____________
24, 520 BC _____________
A. The Heavens will be Shaken (2:20-21) _____________
B. The Heathen will be Overthrown (2:22) _____________
C. The Holy One (Messiah) will be Exalted (2:23) _____________
_____________
_____________
_____________
_____________
_____________
_____________
_____________
_____________
_____________
_____________
_____________
_____________
_____________

Zechariah _____________
_____________
Vital Statistics of Zechariah _____________
A. Zechariah, the son of Berechiah, the grandson of Iddo, the _____________
priest who led the Levites (cf. Neh. 12:4). _____________
B. Support for Zechariah as author _____________
1. The book claims Zechariah as the author (1:1) _____________
2. He is a contemporary of Haggai the prophet (cf. Ezra 6:14) _____________
3. The writing style is similar to other writings during his time (cf. _____________
Haggai) _____________
II. Dates _____________
A. Date Written: 520-500 BC _____________
1. The first chapter identifies the eighth month of the second _____________
year of King Darius. Marcheschvan 520 BC (cf. Zech. 1:1) _____________
2. The seventh chapter identifies the fourth day of the ninth _____________
month of the fourth year of King Darius. Chislev 4, 518 BC (cf.
Zech. 7:1)
_____________
3. The entire book was likely completed by 500 BC
_____________
_____________
_____________
A. Like Haggai, Zechariah was writing to the remnant who returned
in 538 BC and began to rebuild the Temple in 536 BC. _____________
Discouragement and indifference set in as the site lay idle for _____________
sixteen years. God stirred up the people through the prophetic _____________
ministries of Haggai and Zechariah (cf. Ezra 5-6). The Temple
was small in comparison to Solomon’s (cf. Ezra 3:12). Zechariah _____________
encouraged them of greater things to come (cf. Zech. 4:10). _____________
IV. Purpose _____________
A. Historical: To encourage the returned remnants by showing that _____________
God was at work in the world restoring Israel and preparing _____________
them for the coming Messiah.
_____________
B. Christological: Christ is presented as the Angel of the Lord (3:1), _____________
the Righteous Branch (3:8), the Crucified Savior (12:10), and the
Coming King (9:9). _____________
A. Zechariah
_____________
1. The Hebrew name, Zekharyah, means “YHWH remembers.”
_____________
_____________
_____________
The Coming ________________

Outline of Zechariah: The Coming of Christ _____________
I. Zion’s Sanctuary: Eight Visions (1-6) _____________
A. The Angelic Horsemen (1:7-17) _____________
B. The Four Horns and Smiths (1:18-21) _____________
C. The Man and the Measuring Rod (2) _____________
D. Joshua and the High Priest (3) _____________
E. The Lampstand and Olive Trees (4)
_____________
F. The Flying Scroll (5:1-4)
_____________
_____________
G. The Ephah (bushel basket) (5:5-11)
_____________
H. The Four Chariots and Horses (6)
_____________
II. Zion’s Services: Four Messages (7-8)
_____________
A. The Worldly Ritual Practiced In It (7:1-7) _____________
B. The Wide Retribution (7:8-14) _____________
C. The Worldwide Restoration of Israel (8:1-19) _____________
D. The Worldwide Religion (8:20-23) _____________
III. Zion’s Savior: Two Burdens (9-14) _____________
A. The Rejected Savior: The First Coming of Christ (9-11) _____________
B. The Reigning Savior: The Second Coming of Christ (12-14) _____________
_____________
_____________
Major Themes of Zechariah
_____________
I. Prophecies of Christ
_____________
A. Branch (3:8; 6:12)
_____________
B. King-Priest (6:13) _____________
C. Lowly King (9:9) _____________
D. Betrayal (11:12-13) _____________
E. Crucifixion (12:10) _____________
F. Smitten Shepherd (13:7-9) _____________
G. Second Coming (14:4) _____________
_____________
_____________
_____________
_____________
_____________
_____________
_____________

Malachi _____________
_____________
Vital Statistics of Malachi _____________
A. Malachi _____________
B. Support for Malachi as author _____________
1. The book claims Malachi as the author (1:1) _____________
2. Most Jewish teaching supports Malachi as the author _____________
3. One Jewish tradition claims that Malachi was written by _____________
Nehemiah (interpreting the word “Malachi” as a designation _____________
of an unnamed messenger) _____________
II. Dates _____________
A. Date Written: 430-420 BC _____________
1. The date was definitely after the completion of the Temple _____________
in 516 BC (cf. Mal. 1:7-10; 3:1) _____________
2. The book was written during the time of Persian rule (NOTE: _____________
the word pehah in 1:8 is Persian for “governor”)
_____________
3. It was not while Nehemiah was in the land, since the sins
denounced are those which were corrected when
_____________
Nehemiah was present (cf. Neh. 13) _____________
4. It was probably written while Nehemiah was back in Babylon _____________
following 433 BC (cf. Neh. 13:6-7) _____________
A. Malachi wrote to the remnant a few generations after the _____________
Temple had been rebuilt. The people had lost the spiritual fervor _____________
of their forefathers and both priests and people had
backslidden. It was a day of moral and social decline. _____________
IV. Purpose
_____________
_____________
A. Historical: Malachi rebuked Israel’s social and moral decay.
_____________
B. Christological: Christ is the Messenger of the covenant (3:1), the
Refiner’s Fire (3:2), and the Sun of Righteousness (4:2). _____________
_____________
A. Malachi
_____________
_____________
1. The Hebrew name, Mal’akhiy, means “my messenger” or
“my angel.” _____________
_____________
The ________________
_____________
_____________

Outline of Malachi: The Messiah is Coming! _____________
I. Religious Decline (1:1 – 2:9) _____________
A. A Revelation of God’s Love to Israel (1:1-5) _____________
B. A Rebuke to the Priests’ Sins (1:6 – 2:9) _____________
II. Social Debasement (2:10-16) _____________
A. Idolatry was Present (2:10-13) _____________
B. Divorce was Practiced (2:14-16)
_____________
III. Moral Defection (2:17 – 3:6)
_____________
_____________
A. The Justice of God was Questioned by the People (2:17)
_____________
B. The Judgment of God is Coming (3:1-6)
_____________
IV. Material Dissipation (3:7-18)
_____________
A. Robbing from God (3:7-12) _____________
B. Resistance of the People (3:13-15) _____________
C. Reply of the Lord (3:16-18) _____________
V. Messianic Declaration (4:1-5) _____________
A. The Condemnation of the Wicked (4:1) _____________
B. A Consolation for the Righteous (4:2) _____________
C. A Command to Obey the Law (4:4) _____________
_____________
_____________
_____________
_____________
_____________
_____________
_____________
_____________
_____________
_____________
_____________
_____________
_____________
_____________
_____________
_____________
_____________
_____________

In Conclusion _____________
_____________
I. The Gospel
_____________
A. The Gospel has four major themes: creation, fall, redemption, _____________
and restoration.
_____________
B. The Old Testament begins with creation, then mankind falls, and
is left seeking redemption and restoration. _____________
C. The New Testament begins with Jesus Christ as God’s solution for
_____________
redemption and ends with the promise of His Second Coming _____________
(restoration). _____________
D. The Apostle Paul reminds us that the Old Testament is not _____________
complete without the fulfillment of its promises in the New
Testament. He said, “Therefore the law was our tutor to bring us
_____________
to Christ, that we might be justified by faith” (Gal. 3:24). _____________
II. The Major Events of the Old Testament _____________
A. Call of Abraham
_____________
B. Promise of the Patriarchs
_____________
_____________
C. Exodus from Egypt
_____________
D. Law Given to Moses
_____________
E. Conquest of Land by Joshua
_____________
F. Problems of the Judges
_____________
G. Rise and Fall of the Kings _____________
H. Babylonian Captivity _____________
I. Return of the Exiles _____________
J. Anticipation of the Messiah _____________
_____________
_____________
_____________
_____________
_____________
_____________
_____________
_____________
_____________
_____________
_____________
_____________
_____________

_____________
• What evidence do we have concerning authorship of each
of the Minor Prophets?
_____________
_____________
• What common concern gripped all three post-exilic
prophets? _____________
• Identify at least five prophecies of the Minor Prophets? How
_____________
does the fulfillment of these prophecies strengthen your faith? _____________
• What book of the Bible is the most precisely dated writing in _____________
the Old Testament? How do we know the precise dates? _____________
• What are the four themes of the Gospel? Which of these _____________
themes are addressed in Zechariah 9-14? _____________
_____________
_____________
_____________
_____________
_____________
_____________
_____________
_____________
_____________
_____________
_____________
_____________
_____________
_____________
_____________
_____________
_____________
_____________
_____________
_____________
_____________
_____________
_____________
_____________
_____________
_____________

APPENDIX
Geographical Summary of Old Testament Events
1. (a) Abraham, Sarah, and Terah leave Ur to go to Canaan via (b) Haran.
2. Abraham’s 2 sons: Isaac and Ishmael
Isaac had Jacob and Esau
Jacob had 12 sons and 1 daughter
Joseph sold into Egypt (concludes Genesis)
3. After 400 years, Moses leads Israelites out (Exodus)
4. Moses received the Law at Mt. Sinai (Exodus/Leviticus)
5. Twelve spies sent to Canaan but because of unbelief they spend 40 years wandering in the wilderness
(Numbers)
6. Review of God’s Law and Covenant Promise (Deuteronomy) before crossing Jordan River.
7. Joshua invades, conquers, and divides up Canaan à Israel (Joshua). Unstable period (Judges). United
Kingdom under Saul, David, and Solomon, Divided Kingdom of North: Israel and South: Judah (1 Kings and
1 and 2 Chronicles).
8. The Northern Kingdom: Israel is captured by Assyria in 722 BC (2 Kings).
9. The Southern Kingdom: Judah is captured by the Babylonians in 586 BC (2 Kings).
10. After 70 years in Babylonian Captivity, Israelites returned from Babylon/Persia under Ezra and Nehemiah.
11. The people of God are back in land without king. Malachi is the last OT book written about 400 BC.
Anticipation for the Messiah until Jesus’ time.
Chronological Order of Old Testament Books
The Tabernacle

The Tabernacle Furnishings
The Outer Court Furnishings

1. Bronze Altar of Burnt Offering
2. Bronze Laver
The Holy Place Furnishings

1. Golden Lampstand
2. Golden Altar of Incense
3. Table of Showbread
The Holy of Holies Furnishing

1. The Ark of the Covenant

GLOSSARY
OF PEOPLE AND TERMS
Christological: Relating to the theology concerned with the person, attributes, and ministry of Jesus
Christ. Furthermore, a Christological Hermeneutic is a method of interpreting Scripture that is
concerned with the person, attributes, and ministry of Jesus Christ. The Bible is to be interpreted and
understood with a view that Christ is the central personality of all Scripture.
Christophany: An appearance, or non-physical manifestation of Christ.
Cooper’s Golden Rule of Interpretation: “When the plain sense of Scripture makes common sense,
seek no other sense; therefore, take every word at its primary, ordinary, usual, literal meaning unless
the facts of the immediate context, studied in the light of related passages and axiomatic and
fundamental truths indicate clearly otherwise.” Here is an abbreviated paraphrase of his rule: “when
the literal sense makes good sense, seek no other sense lest it result in nonsense.”
Diaspora: The Jews who were scattered from their homeland of Israel.
Documentary Hypothesis (Wellhausen Hypothesis): The critical view suggests that the Pentateuch
was developed by different authors and redactors (editors) with four main sources. It is suggested
that the redactors combined these four sources into their final form. Yahwist (J) favor “Jehovah”
names. Elihist (E) favor “El” names. Priestly (P) emphasize “Priestly” offering. Deuteronomist (D) is a
later revision.
Gemara: A rabbinical commentary on the Mishnah, forming the second part of the Talmud.
Hermeneutic: Concerning interpretation, especially of the Bible or literary texts.
Jerome: A scholar, theologian, and historian born c. 347 AD. Jerome has written commentaries on
both the Old and New Testaments. Jerome had a knowledge of Hebrew, Greek, and Latin. Jerome
is responsible for the Latin translation of the Bible known as The Latin Vulgate or simply The Vulgate.
Josephus: Titus Flavius Josephus was born in Jerusalem as Joseph ben Matityahu in 37 AD and died in
100 AD. He was a first-century Jewish scholar and historian. His writings have provided insight into
early Christianity. His most notable works are The Jewish War (c. 75) and Antiquities of the Jews (c.
94). He makes references to several biblical personalities in his writings, including: Jesus, John the
Baptist, and James the brother of Jesus. He verifies that Jesus the Messiah was “a wise teacher who
was crucified by Pilate.”
Latin Vulgate: A late fourth-century Latin translation of the Bible. It was the work of Jerome circa 382
AD.
Messiah: The expected king and deliverer of the Jews. “Messianic” is something related to the
anticipated Messiah.
Mishnah: The first of two Jewish writings known as the Talmud. The Mishnah is a Jewish writing that
consists of six orders: “Seeds” dealing with prayer and blessings, “Festival” pertaining to the laws of
the Sabbath and the Festivals, “Women” concerning marriage and divorce, some forms of oaths,
and the laws of the Nazarite, “Damages” dealing with civil and criminal law, the functioning of the
courts and oaths, “Holy things” regarding sacrificial rites, the Temple, and the dietary laws, and

“Purities” pertaining to the laws of purity and impurity, including the impurity of the dead, the laws of
food purity and bodily purity.
Patriarchs: Narrowly defined as Abraham, Isaac, and Jacob.
Pentateuch: Greek for the first five books of the Bible (i.e. Genesis, Exodus, Leviticus, Numbers, and
Deuteronomy). Pente meaning “five” and teuchos meaning “scroll, tool, or book.”
Prophecy (Broad Definition): The word prophecy means “to forth-tell.” Forth-telling involved insight
into the will of God. This type of prophecy exhorted people to change their behavior.
Prophecy (Narrow Definition): The word prophecy means “to fore-tell.” Fore-telling involved foresight
into the plan of God. This type of prophecy predicted the future. While many people think of
prophecy as fore-telling it is forth-telling that is much more common in the Bible. However, in the
instances where fore-telling is used it is compelling evidence that the Bible is in fact the Word of God.
Prophet: The word prophet comes from the word meaning “to announce.” A prophet was God’s
mouthpiece or the human instrument through which God declared His message to men.
Protoevangelium: The term used for the first declaration of the Gospel of Jesus Christ. It occurs in
Genesis 3:15. The first proclamation of the Gospel comes immediately after the fall of Adam and
Eve, and reveals God’s divine plan of saving mankind from sin through the work of Jesus Christ.
Remnant: The post-exilic biblical literature consistently refers to the Jews who have returned from the
Babylonian captivity as the remnant.
Septuagint (LXX): The Hebrew Scriptures were translated into Greek at Alexandria, Egypt at some
time between 280 and 150 BC. This translation is called the Septuagint and is abbreviated with
Roman numerals LXX (in reference to the 70 Jewish scholars who translated the Old Testament into
Greek).
Tabernacle: A small, portable tent that was used by the ancient Israelites as a place of worship. It
was the predecessor to the First Temple in Jerusalem.
Talmud: A Jewish writing that consists of the Mishnah and Gemara (see definitions). There are two
versions. The Palestinian Talmud was written circa 375 AD and the Babylonian Talmud was written
circa 500 AD.
TaNaKh: An acronym of the first Hebrew letter of each of the Masoretic Text’s three traditional
subdivisions: Torah “teaching”, Nebhiim “prophets”, and Kethubhim “writings”.
Temple: The Temple is also known as Solomon’s Temple, the First Temple, the Holy Temple, the
Temple Mount, and Mount Zion. The Temple was constructed under Solomon and housed the Ark of
the Covenant. The First Temple stood for 410 years when it was destroyed in 586 BC during the
Babylonian Captivity. The Second Temple was constructed by the post-exilic remnant. The Second
Temple was destroyed in 70 AD. Ezekiel describes a future Third Temple.
Typology: A method of biblical interpretation whereby an element found in the Old Testament is
seen to prefigure one found in the New Testament. The initial one is called the type and the
fulfillment is designated the antitype. The type or antitype may be a person, thing, or event, but
often the type is messianic and frequently related to the idea of salvation.
Theophany: A visible manifestation to humankind of God.

BIBLIOGRAPHY
Arnold, Bill T. Encountering the Old Testament: A Christian Survey. Second Edition. Encountering
Biblical Studies. Grand Rapids, MI: Baker Academic, 2008.
Geisler, Norman L. A Popular Survey of the Old Testament. Grand Rapids, MI: Baker Publishing Group,
2007.
-----. To Understand the Bible Look for Jesus: The Bible Student’s Guide to the Bible’s Central Theme.
Eugene, OR: Wipf and Stock Publishers, 2002.
Hill, Andrew E. and John H. Walton. A Survey of the Old Testament. Third Edition. Grand Rapids, MI:
Zondervan, 2009.
Hindson, Edward E. Courageous Faith: Life Lessons from Old Testament Heroes. Chattanooga, TN:
AMG Publishers, 2003.
Longman, Tremper III and Raymond B. Dillard. An Introduction to the Old Testament. Second Edition.
Grand Rapids, MI: Zondervan, 2006.
Walton, John H. Chronological and Background Charts of the Old Testament: Zondervan Charts.
Grand Rapids, MI: Zondervan, 1994.

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CLASS 201

Old Testament Survey

All Scripture is given by inspiration of God, and is profitable for doctrine,

Dr. Chris Dortch, Editor

Cover: Jeremiah Lamenting at the Destruction of Jerusalem

THE BASIS FOR THIS CLASS

THE GOALS OF THIS CLASS

1. State the purpose of the Old Testament.

PRIMARY SOURCES FOR THIS CLASS

CLASS 201: OLD TESTAMENT SURVEY page i

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PART TWO: THE BOOKS OF THE LAW ................................................................................................ 15

PART THREE: THE BOOKS OF HISTORY ............................................................................................... 41

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PART FOUR: THE BOOKS OF POETRY ................................................................................................. 81

PART FIVE: THE BOOKS OF PROPHECY: THE MAJOR PROPHETS ..................................................103

page iv CLASS 201: OLD TESTAMENT SURVEY

PART SIX: THE BOOKS OF PROPHECY: MINOR PROPHETS ............................................................129

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The Books of the Law

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The Books of History

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