Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Risk Assessment
Risk Assessment
HENRIK BRAMSBORG’S
PERSONAL PROTECTION
MODEL FOR QUESTIONNAIRES AND GRADING
01.05.2012-HB-2013
www.icpta.org
INTRODUCTION
After more than 18 years in a fascinating but motley profession, I have come
to the realization that not all professionals in the industry are equally
professional. This, of course, is not always due to lacking intellect or ability, but
is just as much a question of poor instruction and training, together with a
limited and rather ambiguous market for written material. In risk and threat
assessment, I have noticed that instructors and authors primarily explain WHAT
future bodyguards should ask when they land a client. I have yet to come
across a single explanation of HOW to use the data collected from the client.
In my own country, Denmark, I have decided to try and change this situation
by publishing different material, all of which has been tested on clients and/or
colleagues. This model is my first English publication (hope the translation is
alright). I did so because I, myself, have lacked a model for the initial steps in a
real risk assessment. The target group for this model is bodyguards. That
includes part-time executive protection specialists for anonymous businessmen
and women, full-time bodyguards for famous artists, or personal protection
specialists employed on a governmental level, protecting diplomats. It is up to
the reader to adapt the questions so they apply to the “customer” in question.
This MODEL is just that. It is a model for making an initial risk assessment
for a client. If you acquired the model in the hope that it would offer an all-
round solution, you have wasted your money. It is not intended as a
replacement for one’s own thought process, but rather as a solution model, a
method so to speak and source of inspiration.
Note that the categorization applied in this booklet is a suggestion and not a
requirement. The same applies to the number and formulation of questions. If
you look through the material in the books mentioned at the back of this
booklet, you will find an array of other possible categorizations, as a uniform
model does not yet exist. I am aware that some companies claim to use models
that are all-inclusive. To contribute to the discussion surrounding fixed models
for risk and threat assessment:
It is important that I point out that the copyright existing for this booklet
only applies to the complete work. Should you wish to publish any portion of
this material or use it for instruction purposes, you may do so, provided you
inform me and properly cite the source.
HENRIK BRAMSBORG
DEFINITION
WHY
We all make risk assessments in our daily lives. Most do so without really
knowing it. Who would even think that the process of looking left, right, and
then left again is actually a collection of data for a risk assessment?
When crossing a street, we assess how many vehicles are coming toward us
and then whether we can cross the road before the vehicles reach our position.
To do this, our brain must process complex mathematical formulas that take
into account distance, speed (the vehicle’s and our own), and light and
shadow. That is how we survive in traffic and everywhere else in our
environment. Man has always been capable of doing so, as it is a condition for
our species’ survival. Unfortunately, risk assessment is most often done
unconsciously. On the following pages, we will attempt, in connection with
personal protection, to bring parts of the process up to the conscious level.
In personal protection, risk assessment is our only tool for guarding against
the principle of coincidence. Naturally, it is possible to protect an individual
from a series of threats without a risk assessment. But it cannot be done
without a certain amount of security holes. Such holes, arising from
coincidental overlooked problems, are best closed by systematic process. This
will minimize the risk of accidents and facilitate the establishment of a 360
degree base with which to develop a sustainable security system.
HOW
QUESTIONNAIRE/POINT SYSTEM:
Some of the above basic data will save the bodyguard time, as it can
provide answers to a number of questions regarding security. Once the basic
data is collected, the questionnaire/point system is used.
1. Personal lifestyle
2. Professional lifestyle
3. Public profile
4. Politics and religion
5. Prejudices
6. People and places
7. Prior actions and relationships
When all the questions have been answered, the point total will indicate
how big or small the risk is.
Are you prejudice with regard to, for instance, homosexuality, race, religion,
women/men on the labor market, handicaps, or in any other way?
3. No __ (0 points)
If the client checks “Yes,” for example, the answer is worth 20 points. When
all the questions are answered, the figures are added, and the total tells us
which of the five categories our client falls into.
1. The direct source - e.g., the victim who has been threatened or the
aggressor making the threat
2. Second-hand information – e.g., a witness or allegedly signed document
3. Third-party information – e.g., a document without confirmed signer or
rumors.
An account from the direct source is likely to be more accurate than an account
from, for instance, an attesting witness. This is not always the case, however,
as one must take into consideration the motives behind any account.
1. No
2. Maybe X
3. Yes
Answer: Checked “Maybe,” as two relationships over the last two years
ended in confrontation. In these confrontations, the client was the passive
party and the rejected partners were the aggressive parties. Since then there
have been no confrontations or threats from the rejected parties.
Example:
Do you take or have you taken any kind of medicine or narcotic?
1. Yes X
2. Occasionally __
3. No __
What medicine/narcotic?
Etc.
Again, you can start with a 5-page list of questions and end up with a 50-page
list.
How far should you then go in your assessment? The short answer is: as far
as practically possible. Naturally, this depends on a number of factors: The
client’s immediate entourage, the client’s expectations, your own
assessment/intuition, environment, culture, etc.
1. No __
2. Maybe __
3. Yes __
1. No __
2. Occasionally __
3. Yes __
1. Bachelor/Fast lane __
3. Family man/woman __
1. Yes __
2. Don’t know __
3. No __
1
Active sports are generally considered healthy, but extreme sports are not always without risks.
Therefore, you should consider the type of sport practiced by the client and his physiological level.
1. Yes __
2. Occasionally __
3. No __
1. Yes __
2. Don’t know __
3. No __
1. Yes __
2. Don’t know __
3. No __
1. Dominant or provocative __
3. Assertive, empathetic __
1. Extreme __
2. Experimental __
3. Normal __
2
Note: In some cultures, there is a great deal of shame attached to having suffered from depression or
the like, so the answer may be somewhat colored.
3
More than a few people have died during sexual acts that got out of hand. What is more, there can be
risks associated with certain sexual subcultures.
1. No __
2. Occasionally __
3. Yes __
1. No __
2. Almost always __
3. Yes __
4
This is primarily with respect to problems with rejected lovers or former partners.
Are you:
1. Employer/manager __
2. Freelancer or similar __
3. Employee __
Do you work5
2. 40 hours a week __
1. Yes __
2. Occasionally __
3. No __
1. Yes __
2. Occasionally __
3. No __
5
The response here could give us an indication of potential future problems such as stress and burn-out.
6
In addition to the more obvious risks, this could give us an indication of the relative length of the client’s
work life and possible health problems associated with stress.
1. Yes __
2. Partly __
3. No __
Have you made public statements about controversial issues, politics, religion,
sexuality, the environment, animal welfare or the like?
1. Recently __
2. Long ago __
3. Never __
Are you a member of any association that makes public statements or which is
often in the spotlight?
1. Yes __
2. Don’t know __
3. No __
Do you serve on any board that makes public statements or which is often in
the spotlight?
1. Yes __
2. Don’t know __
3. No __
1. Very __
2. Somewhat __
3. No __
1. Yes __
2. Don’t know __
3. No __
1. Yes __
2. Don’t know __
3. No __
1. Yes __
2. Somewhat __
3. No __
Cont.
7
The primary concern here is that the client may be an unfortunate victim of a criminal act aimed against
the political figure whom the client happens to be with.
1. Regularly __
2. Rarely __
3. Never __
1. Yes __
2. Don’t know __
3. No __
1. Yes __
2. Don’t know __
3. No __
8
Here, the concern is that the client may fall victim to hearsay or gross accusations and, therefore, could
be designated as a target of certain governments or extremists.
Are you prejudice with regard to, for instance, homosexuality, race, religion,
women/men on the labor market, handicaps, or in any other way?
1. Yes __
2. Don’t know __
3. No __
1. Yes __
2. Rarely __
3. No __
1. Yes __
2. Possibly __
3. No __
Have you had confrontations with any of the above categories of individuals?
1. Yes __
2. Don’t know __
3. No __
9
Even when intended as humoristic anecdotes, prejudice comments can be taken amiss.
Do you know or have you known anyone who might want to harm you?
1. Yes __
2. Possibly __
3. No __
Have you, your family, your company or your industry ever been threatened?
1. Yes __
2. Possibly __
3. No __
Can you, your family, or your company be associated with people who have
been threatened?
1. Yes __
2. Possibly __
3. No __
Do you live in a geotechnically stable area? (By this, we mean an area where
earthquakes, hurricanes, tidal waves, landslides/mudslides and cloudbursts do
not normally occur.)
1. Yes __
2. Don’t know __
3. No __
Do you work in a geotechnically stable area? (By this, we mean an area where
earthquakes, hurricanes, tidal waves, landslides/mudslides and cloudbursts do
not normally occur.)
2. Don’t know __
3. No __
1. Yes __
2. Don’t know __
3. No __
1. Yes __
2. Possibly __
3. No __
Does your company have units in countries in which your company’s presence
is unwanted by the population or parts of the population? 10
1. Yes __
2. Possibly __
3. No __
Do you work, travel, or vacation in areas where there are nuclear, biological or
chemical companies?
1. Yes __
2. Possibly __
3. No __
10
Even though the client may not personally work in that country, he/she is not out of harms way. A
radical group could aim an attack against the company’s domestic parent company.
Have you ever committed a crime in this country, other countries or cultures?
1. Yes __
2. Possibly __
3. No __
Have you ever committed an act that might be considered morally offensive by
others?
1. Yes __
2. Possibly __
3. No __
Have you ever been involved in an armed conflict? (either civil or military)
1. Yes __
2. Possibly __
3. No __
1. Yes __
2. Possibly __
3. No __
Can you be associated with people from your past who have been politically or
religiously active?
2. Possibly __
3. No __
G R A D I N G A N D C O N C LU S I O N
301-400
Defined
and
confirmed
risk
201-300
Likely risk
101-200
Less likely risk
0-100
No immediate risk
This is just an example. Form is not important when you change the
questionnaire, as the variables can be changed in relation to the number of
questions, the significance of the answers, etc.
In this example, the categories do not change. The only way to change the
values is to change the answers. This can happen if the client, deliberately or
not, gives the wrong answer and the error is discovered during the interview.
Hence, the importance of the interview.
T H R E AT A SS E SS M E N T
Definition:
1. Identification of one or more threats
2. The more information you possess, the greater the chances are that the authorities will cooperate.
Examples:
Know that the client's reaction to your advice will largely depend on
your argumentation and the manner in which you present the
conclusion/advice. As such, it can be a good idea to obtain written
reports from authorities or public/semipublic institutions that can
back your advice.
Stalking countermeasures
PR-24/Tonfa courses
www.icpta.org