327101-C-BOD-0001 Rev.00 - Client Markup PDF

EBED CONTRACTOR: PROJECT CONSULTANT:
Florexx International Investments LLC
General
1. All the relevant Code Reference must be given wherever applicable (i.e place
where the technical values present in this design basis)
2. Template standard shall be maintained as previously submitted document (i.e
Drainage philosophy)
3.Architectural/Building design basis shall cover the following as minimum
3.1 Architectural design requirements
3.1.1 site planning
3.1.2 space requirements
3.1.3 Daylight ventilation & Natural ventilation
3.1.4 Landscaping and paving around buildings
3.1.5 Essential building services
3.1.6 Architectural Elements criteria
3.2 Construction characteristics
3.3 Building description
4. Codes referred in document sections are to be captured in the Reference docu-
ment section also.
5. Only International or Industry standards shall be used/referred. Other company
standards shall 100KBPD
not be used asTOPPING
reference. REFINERY, EBED
COMPANY Document No.

327101-C-BOD-0001
CONTRACTOR Document No.
614030-AA00-41EA-0001
Document Title
DESIGN BASIS FOR CIVIL, STRUCTURAL&

ARCHITECTURAL
00 01-Mar -18 TSM RS RAP Issued for Review

PA 15-Feb -18 TSM RS RAP Issued for IDC
REV DATE PRPD CHKD APPD DESCRIPTION

DESIGN BASIS FOR CIVIL, STRUCTURAL& 100KBPD TOPPING REFINERY,
ARCHITECTURAL EBED
Follow the same template for all the docu-

ments
Table of Contents
example. Mechanical design basis
1. INTRODUCTION ........................................................................................................................ 4
1.1 Purpose of Document ................................................................................................................. 4
1.2 Project Background .................................................................................................................... 4
1.3 Definition ..................................................................................................................................... 4
1.4 Acronyms .................................................................................................................................... 4
2. REFERENCE DOCUMENTS ...................................................................................................... 5
3. CODES AND STANDARDS ....................................................................................................... 5
3.1 Local Regulations and Laws ....................................................................................................... 5
3.2 International Standards ............................................................................................................... 5
3.3 Order of Precedence .................................................................................................................. 9
4. UNITS OF MEASUREMENT .................................................................................................... 10
5. DESIGN LIFE ........................................................................................................................... 10
6. GEOTECHNICAL DESIGN DATA ............................................................................................ 10
7. METEOROLOGICAL DATA ...................................................................................................... 10
8. DESIGN LOADS ....................................................................................................................... 10
8.1 Dead Load, (DL) ....................................................................................................................... 10
8.2 Live Load (LL) ........................................................................................................................... 12
8.3 Truck Load ................................................................................................................................ 13
8.4 Paving Live loads for Buried Construction ................................................................................ 13
8.5 Wind Load (WL) ........................................................................................................................ 14
8.6 Earthquake loads (EL) .............................................................................................................. 16
8.7 Crane / Impact Loads, (I) .......................................................................................................... 17
8.8 Piping Loads, (PL) .................................................................................................................... 17
8.9 Thermal /Friction Loads, (T) ...................................................................................................... 18
8.10 Equipment Loads, (E) ............................................................................................................... 19
8.11 Bundle Pull Loads, (Bp) ............................................................................................................ 20
8.12 Vibration Loads, (V) .................................................................................................................. 20
8.13 Traffic or Truck Loads, .............................................................................................................. 20
8.14 Construction Load ..................................................................................................................... 20
8.15 Ground Water Pressure, (H) ..................................................................................................... 20
8.16 Earth and Water Pressure, (HL)................................................................................................ 20
8.17 Blast Load, (BL) ........................................................................................................................ 21
8.18 Sand Trays Load, (SL) .............................................................................................................. 21
8.19 Cable Trays Load, (CT) ............................................................................................................ 21
9. LOAD COMBINATIONS ........................................................................................................... 21
10. ANALYSIS AND DESIGN ......................................................................................................... 22
11. STRUCTURAL STEEL DESIGN BASIS ................................................................................... 22
11.1 General ..................................................................................................................................... 22
11.2 Connection Bolts for Structural Steel ........................................................................................ 23
11.3 Welding..................................................................................................................................... 24
11.4 Hold Down (HD) Bolts and Embedded Items ............................................................................ 24
11.5 Walkways, Platforms, Staircases, Ladders and Hand Railing ................................................... 24
11.6 Limiting Deflection .................................................................................................................... 25
11.7 Limiting Slenderness Ratios ..................................................................................................... 25
11.8 Pipe Rack ................................................................................................................................. 26
11.9 Fire Proofing for Steel Structures .............................................................................................. 26
11.10 Galvanizing, Painting and Coatings ......................................................................................... 26
12. CONCRETE WORKS DESIGN BASIS ..................................................................................... 26
12.1 General ..................................................................................................................................... 26
_________________________________________________________________________________
COMPANY Document No.: 327101-C-BOD-0001, Rev.00
CONTRACTOR Document No.: 614030-AA00-41EA-0001 Page 2 of 46
ARCHITECTURAL EBED
12.2 Soil Data ................................................................................................................................... 27

12.3 Pedestals .................................................................................................................................. 27
12.4 Grouting .................................................................................................................................... 27
12.5 Foundations .............................................................................................................................. 28
12.6 Foundations for Heavy Machinery ............................................................................................ 28
12.7 Requirements of Machine Foundations..................................................................................... 28
12.8 Stability Analysis ....................................................................................................................... 30
12.9 Co-efficient of Friction ............................................................................................................... 30
12.10 Pipe sleepers .......................................................................................................................... 30
12.11 Liquid Retaining /Storage Reinforced Cement Concrete Structures ........................................ 30
12.12 Grades of Concrete ................................................................................................................. 30
12.13 Materials ................................................................................................................................. 31
12.14 Concrete Cover to Reinforcement ........................................................................................... 32
12.15 Storage Tank Foundation ........................................................................................................ 32
13. CIVIL DESIGN CRITERIA ........................................................................................................ 32
13.1 Site preparation Philosophy ...................................................................................................... 32
13.2 Site Preparation ........................................................................................................................ 33
13.3 Slopes in Graded Areas ............................................................................................................ 33
13.4 Earth Slopes ............................................................................................................................. 33
13.5 Site Roads ................................................................................................................................ 33
13.6 Cement Concrete Paving .......................................................................................................... 35
13.7 Surfacing of Unpaved Areas ..................................................................................................... 37
13.8 Drainage ................................................................................................................................... 38
13.9 Plant Potable Water Systems ................................................................................................... 44
13.10 Sanitary Sewer Systems ......................................................................................................... 44
13.11 Waste disposal ........................................................................................................................ 45
13.12 Underground pipe sleeves ...................................................................................................... 45
13.13 Anchor blocks.......................................................................................................................... 45
13.14 Fencing and gate .................................................................................................................... 46
13.15 Cable Trenches ....................................................................................................................... 46
13.16 Cable Duct Bank ..................................................................................................................... 46
14. ARCHITECTURAL/BUILDING DESIGN BASIS ........................................................................ 46
_________________________________________________________________________________
ARCHITECTURAL EBED
1. INTRODUCTION Add
1.1 General section for the project introduction
1.3 Scope of work
1.1 Purpose of Document
1.2
The purpose of this document is to establish a basis for the design of Civil, Structural and Architectural
Follow standard items for the 100k BPD Topping Refinery in Fujairah in the UAE.
template for
section- 1.1, 2 & This document shall be further updated during detailed design phase.
3.3, refer
This criteria is intended to be a guide for design of related structures with the objective that the same
COMPANY email
dated 22.03.18 will be built to satisfy functional requirements and be serviceable, economical and safe. Engineering
judgments shall be exercised in applying these to a particular structure.
1.2 Project Background
General
FLOREXX (COMPANY) has signed a contract with SNC-Lavalin International Inc. (CONTRACTOR) to
provide an EBED and an EPC Lump Sum cost estimate Proposal for their 100k BPD Topping Refinery
in Fujairah in the UAE.
1.3 Definition
2.0
COMPANY: Florexx International Investments L.L.C.
CONTRACTOR: SNC-Lavalin, engaged by COMPANY for the performance of the works.
FEED: During this phase of project, licensor technology input is incorporated into the design to develop
FEED deliverables, and engineering support is provided for a capital cost estimate.
EPC: Detailed Engineering, Procurement, and Construction Phases of the Project.
SUBCONTRACTOR: Any company providing services, materials or equipment on behalf of COMPANY
and/or CONTRACTOR, e.g. Surveyor. The Surveyor shall be qualified to practice land surveying under
the laws of the area in which the property is located.
SUPPLIER: Provider of Equipment or Materials. Purchase Orders with SUPPLIERs shall be placed by
the CONTRACTOR.
1.4 Acronyms Abbreviations
Acronyms Description
ACI American Concrete Institute
ANSI American National Standards Institute
API American Petroleum Institute
ASME American Society of Mechanical Engineers
ASCE American Society of Civil Engineers
AASHTO American Association of State Highway & Transportation Officials.
AISC AISC American Institute for Steel Construction
AWD American Welding Society
BS British Standard
EPC Engineering Procurement and Construction
FEED Front End Engineering Design
FGL Finished Ground Level
HPP High Point of Paving
ISO International Organization for Standardization
IBC International Building Code
Max Maximum
Min Minimum
NFPA National Fire Protection Association
NGL Natural Grade Level
UBC Uniform Building Code
_________________________________________________________________________________
ARCHITECTURAL EBED
2. REFERENCE DOCUMENTS
Document Number Document Title

327101-A-PLN-0001 Project Execution Plan EBED
327101-P-BOD-0001 Design Basis for Process
Use the same template 327101-C-SPC-0001 Specifications for Civil Works
used in earlier
submitted doc. 327101-C-SPC-0003 Specifications for Structural Work
327101-C-SPC-0002 Specifications for Building & Finishes
327101-S-BOD-0001 Design basis for Technical Safety
327101-H-BOD-0001 Design Basis for HVAC & Building Services
327101-P-PHS-0001 Philosophy for Drainage
327101-S-BOD-0001 Design Basis for Technical Safety
327101-S-PHS-0001 Philosophy of loss prevention
3. CODES AND STANDARDS
3.1 Local Regulations and Laws

Use the same tem-
plate
Local standards, government regulations and laws, as applicable to the location of the project and as
used in earlier stipulated by the contract, shall be followed.
submitted doc.
3.2 International Standards
The overall design of the system shall comply with latest edition of the following International codes
and standards, including any specific project amendments:
American Concrete Institute (ACI)
Code/Standard Description
ACI 117 Specification for Tolerances for Concrete Construction & Materials
ACI 201.2R Guide to Durable Concrete
ACI 212.3R Report on Chemical Admixtures for Concrete
ACI 301- 10 Specifications for Structural Concrete
ACI 302.1R Guide for Concrete Floor and Slab Construction
ACI 304R Guide for Measuring, Mixing, Transporting and Placing Concrete
ACI 304.2R Guide to Placing Concrete by Pumping Methods
ACI 305R Guide to Hot Weather Concreting
ACI 308R Guide to Curing Concrete
ACI 309R Guide for Consolidation of Concrete
ACI 318M Building Code Requirements for Structural Concrete & Commentary
ACI 347 Guide to Formwork for Concrete
Code Requirements for Environmental Engineering Concrete
ACI 350
Structures and Commentary
ACI 350.4R Design Considerations for Environmental Engineering Concrete
ACI 360R Design of Slabs-on- Ground
ACI 504R Guide to Sealing Joints in Concrete Structures
ACI 515.2R Guide to Selecting Protective Treatments for Concrete
ACI SP-66 ACI Detailing Manual
ACI 530/ ASCE 5/ TMS402 Building Code Requirements for Masonry Structures
_________________________________________________________________________________
ARCHITECTURAL EBED
American Institute of Steel Construction (AISC)

AISC 13th Edition Steel Construction Manual
ANSI/AISC 341 Seismic Provisions for Structural Steel Buildings
Specification for Structural Joints Using ASTM A325 or ASTM
AISC A490 Bolts
American National Standards Institute (ANSI)

Safety Requirements for Workplace Walking/Working Surfaces and
ANSI A1264.1 Their Access - Workplace Floor, Wall and Roof Openings - Stairs
and Guardrails Systems
American Petroleum Institute (API)
API STD 650 Welded Steel Tanks for Oil Storage
American Society of Civil Engineers (ASCE)

ASCE/SEI 7-05 Minimum Design Loads for Buildings and Other Structures
SEI/ASCE 37-02 Design Loads on Structures during Construction
ASCE Report Design of Blast Resistant Buildings in Petrochemical Facilities
Task Committee Report Missing: ASCE/SEI 37-02??
American Welding Society (AWS)
AWS D1.1/ D1.1M Structural Welding Code - Steel
add Architectural code reference (ex. ACI 530, ASTM C645, C920, D41, D312, E985, F1066 etc), AAMA standards, 501,
add NFPA standards (related to Archtitectural i.e fire doors & windows etc)
_________________________________________________________________________________
ARCHITECTURAL EBED
American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM)

ASTM A36/A36M Standard Specification for Carbon Structural Steel
ASTM A123 Standard Specification for Zinc (Hot-Dip Galvanized) Coatings on
Iron and Steel Products
ASTM A153/A153M Standard Specification for Zinc Coating (Hot-Dip) on Iron and Steel
Hardware
ASTM A193/A193M Standard Specification for Alloy-Steel and Stainless Steel Bolting for
High Temperature or High Pressure Service and Other Special
withdrawn, re- Purpose Applications
placed by ASTM A194/A194M Standard Specification for Carbon Steel, Alloy Steel, and Stainless
F3125/F3125M Steel Nuts for Bolts for High Pressure or High Temperature Service,
or Both
ASTM A307 Standard Specification for Carbon Steel Bolts and Studs, 60,000 psi
Tensile Strength
ASTM A325 Standard Specification for Structural Bolts, Steel, Heat Treated,
120/105 ksi Minimum Tensile Strength
ASTM A325M Standard Specification for Structural Bolts, Steel, Heat Treated 830
MPa Minimum Tensile Strength [Metric]
ASTM A354 Standard Specification for Quenched and Tempered Alloy Steel
Bolts, Studs, and Other Externally Threaded Fasteners
ASTM A490 Standard Specification for Structural Bolts, Alloy Steel, Heat Treated,
150 ksi Minimum Tensile Strength
ASTM A490M Standard Specification for High-Strength Steel Bolts, Classes 10.9
and 10.9.3, for Structural Steel Joints (Metric)
ASTM A563/A563M Standard Specification for Carbon and Alloy Steel Nuts (Metric)
ASTM A572/A572M Standard Specification for High-Strength Low-Alloy Columbium-
Vanadium Structural Steel
ASTM A767 Standard Specification for Zinc-Coated (Galvanized) Steel Bars for
Concrete Reinforcement
ASTM A775 Standard Specification for Epoxy-Coated Reinforcing Bars
ASTM A884 Standard Specification for Epoxy-Coated Steel Wire and Welded
Wire Fabric for Reinforcement
ASTM F959/F959M Standard Specification for Compressible-Washer-Type Direct
Tension Indicators for Use with Structural Fasteners, Inch and Metric
Series
ASTM A992/A992M Standard Specification for Structural Steel Shapes
ASTM C39 Standard Test Method for Compressive Strength of Cylindrical
Concrete Specimens
ASTM C90 Specification for Load Bearing Concrete Masonry Units
ASTM C129 Specification for Non-Load Bearing Concrete Masonry Units
ASTM C309 Standard Specification for Liquid Membrane-Forming Compounds for
Curing Concrete
ASTM D1751 Standard Specification Preformed Expansion Joint Filler for Concrete
Paving and Structural Construction
ASTM D1752 Preformed Sponge Rubber and Cork Expansion Joint Fillers for
Concrete Paving and Structural Construction
ASTM D2564 Solvent Cement for PVC Plastic Pipe and Fittings
ASTM D3350 Polyethylene Plastic Pipes and Fittings
ASTM F493 Solvent Cement for CPVC Plastic Pipe and Fittings
ASTM F714 Polyethylene Plastic Pipe, Based on Outside Diameter
Missing :
ASTM F1554??
ASTM C109??
_________________________________________________________________________________
ASTM C579??
ASTM C150/150M??
ARCHITECTURAL EBED
Building code
IBC 2009 International Building Code (2009 Edition)
Crane Manufacturers Association of America (CMAA) latest code 2012
Specifications for Top Running Bridge and Gantry Type Multiple
Spec #70
Girder Electric Overhead Traveling Cranes
Specifications for Top Running and Under Running Single Girder
Spec #74
Electrical Overhead Cranes Utilizing Under Running Trolley Hoist
Regulations
OSHA 29 CFR 1910 Occupational Safety and Health Standards
OSHA 29 CFR 1926 Safety and Health Regulations for Construction
Federal Standards and Instructions of the Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA
1910).
US Department of Labour, Occupational Safety and health Administration (OSHA)
Metal Building Manufacturers Association (MBMA)
Metal Building 2006 Metal Building Systems Manual
Manufacturers Association
(MBMA)
Precast / Pre-stressed Concrete Institute (PCI)
PCI - MNL 120 Design Handbook, Precast and Pre-stressed Concrete
PCI - MNL 122 Architectural Precast Concrete
Process Industry Practices (PIP)
PIP STC01015 Structural Design Criteria
PIP STF05501 Fixed Ladders and Cages Fabrication Details
PIP STF05511 Fixed Industrial Stairs
PIP STF05520 Details for Pipe Railing for Walking and Working Surfaces
PIP STF05530 Grating Fabrication Details
Missing :
AASHTO standard specifications ??
PIP STE03360??
API Standard 650??
_________________________________________________________________________________
ARCHITECTURAL EBED
Steel Deck Institute (SDI)
Design Manual for Composite Decks, Form Decks and Roof Decks -
Steel Deck Institute (SDI)
No. 31
Steel Joist Institute (SJI)
Standard Specifications and Load Tables for Steel Joists and Joist
Steel Joist Institute (SJI)
Girders.
Uniform Plumbing Code
UPC 2009 Uniform Plumbing Code (2009 Edition)
British standards (BS) and European norm (EN)
BSI BS EN 10025 Hot –Rolled product of structural steel
BSI BS EN 10029 Hot –Rolled plate 3mm thick or above
BSI BS 1722-1 Fences - Part 1: Specification for Chain Link Fences
International organization of standardization (ISO) Missing:

BSI BS EN ISO 1461??
SASO 570??
Code/Standard Description BIS IS 12330??
ISO 10816 Mechanical vibration- Evaluation of machine vibration by
measurements on non-rotating parts
ISO 14122 Requirements to Platform, walkways, stairs and ladders
ISO 1940,Part 1 Mechanical vibration – Balance quality requirements for rotors in a
constant (rigid) state – Part 1 : Specification and verification of
balances tolerances
This standard has been
revised by ISO 21940-
11:2016.
Deutsches institute for normung (DIN)
DIN 4024 Part1 Machine Foundations Flexible structures that support machines with rotating elements
DIN 4024 Part 2?? Machine foundations - Rigid foundations for machinery subject to periodic vibration
3.3 Order of Precedence
In the event of any conflict or contradiction between the specifications and standards, unless
specifically stated otherwise, the order of precedence of the documents shall be as follows:
 Local Regulations/Laws Add:
 Project Specifications 3.4 SPECIFICATION DEVIATION/CONCESSION CONTROL
Any technical deviations to this specification and its attachments shall
 International Standards be sought through CONCESSION REQUEST format. CONCESSION
 Supplier/Vendor’s Specification REQUESTS require COMPANY'S review/approval, prior to the pro-
posed technical changes being implemented. Technical changes im-
plemented prior to COMPANY'S approval are subject to rejection.
_________________________________________________________________________________
ARCHITECTURAL EBED
4. UNITS OF MEASUREMENT
In general the SI (metric) units shall be used for all quantities and parameters concerning civil,
structural & architectural design, unless otherwise specified in any project specification. Commonly
used units are:
Table 4.0 Table of Measurement
Description Unit
Dimensions
millimeter (mm)
Elevations and co-
millimeter (mm) or meter (1 m = 1000 mm)
ordinates
Mass kilogram (kg) or ton (1 ton = 1000 kg)
Force newton (N) or kilo newton (1 kN = 1000 N)
Moment newton metre (Nm) or kilonewton metre (1 kNm = 1000 Nm
Stress newton/sq mm (N/mm2) or megapascal (1 MPa = 1 N/mm2)
Pressure bar (1 bar = 105 Pa) or megapascal (1 MPa = 1 N/mm2)
Temperature degree Celsius (C)
Any Geotechnical design parameter requiring to proceed further for EBED shall be reasonably de-
5. DESIGN LIFE termined with sufficient contingency by CONTRACTOR with no liability whatsoever on COMPANY.
Also Include those geotechnical parameters
All civil, structural & architectural items shall be designed for a Design life of 30 years.
6. GEOTECHNICAL DESIGN DATA
All foundations, earthworks, roadworks, underground water table & etc shall be designed as per
No FEED Phase for COMPANY SUPPLIED geotechnical investigation interpretative report no: PU-13-0024-NE/01/03
this 100MBPD top- during FEED phase of project. Foundations for all types of items except tank are isolated type
ping refinery pro- foundation as per geotechnical investigation interpretative report. Pile foundation/ground
ject, improvement techniques shall be applicable if isolated foundation is inadequate as per geotechnical
During the EPC investigation interpretative report. Refer tank foundation on clause no.12.15.
phase, if addi- Storage tank foundation
tional geo-tech-
7. METEOROLOGICAL DATA Contractor to submit the Process design basis document prior to review of CSA
nical data re- design basis.
quired further in- Contractor to follow the sequential document submission for PMC review.
The environmental conditions to be considered for design shall be as per Process Design Basis:
vestigation shall
be carried out. 327101-P-BOD-0001.
8. DESIGN LOADS
The facilities and structures shall be designed to resist the minimum loads defined in ASCE/SEI 7-
05. The design shall be adequate for the structure's intended use in accordance with commonly
accepted engineering practice and their requirements.
8.1 Dead Load, (DL)

Dead load is the total weight of the structure and all materials permanently fastened there to or
supported thereby, including fireproofing, floors, roofs, partitions, stairways and fixed service, other
equipment excluding their content. Weights of fixed process equipment and machinery, piping,
valves, electrical cable trays, and the contents of these items shall be considered as dead loads.
Unit weights of the major construction materials shall be as follows:
Self weight of the structure shall be included as dead load. Include to section 6.0
Geotechnical design parameters to be listed here
as minimum from Geotech. report
1. SBC for various foundation types (i.e isolated, raft etc)
2. deep foundation considerations
_________________________________________________________________________________
3. Dynamic soil properties
CONTRACTOR Document No.: 614030-AA00-41EA-0001 4. coeffients (i.e lateral earth pressure,
Page friction
10 of 46 etc)
5. other soil properties
6. seismicity
7. Ground Water Table
ARCHITECTURAL EBED
Unit weight of materials

Make superscript
(1) Steel - 78.5 kN/m3
(2) Soil
- Above ground water level - 18.0 kN/m3

- Below ground water level - 8.0 kN/m3
(3) Ground water - 10.0 kN/m3
(4) Reinforced concrete - 24.0 kN/m3
(5) Plain concrete - 23.0 kN/m3
(6) Cement mortar and all grouts - 22.0 kN/m3
(7) Joist supporting the gratings - 0.50 kN/m2
(8) Grating (Steel) - 0.35kN/m2
(9) Handrail - 0.18kN/m
(10)Ladders (Without Cage) - 0.15kN/m
(11)Ladders (With Cage) - 0.23kN/m
Minimum Design Dead Loads shall be as stipulated in Table C3-1, Minimum Design Dead Loads in
SEI ASCE 7-05.
For other materials, density shall be as stipulated in Table C3-2, Minimum Densities for Design
Loads for Materials in SEI/ASCE 7-05.
A) Building Structures:
The dead loads for building structures include the weight of materials of construction incorporated
into the building, including but not limited to walls, floors, roofs, ceilings, stairways, built-in partitions,
finishes, cladding and other similarly incorporated architectural and structural items, and the weight
of fixed service equipment, such as cranes, plumbing stacks and risers, electrical feeders, heating,
ventilating and air-conditioning systems and automatic sprinkler systems.
Add: Unusual loading that occurs during regeneration or upset conditions shall also be con-
sidered.
B) Non-Building Structures: Pipe loads to future extension spaces areas shall be same as the adjacent areas within the
same structure.
Dead Loads can be categorized as follows:
 Structure dead load (DS): Weight of materials forming the structure, foundation, soil
above the foundation resisting uplift, and all permanently
attached appurtenances (e.g., lighting, instrumentation,
HVAC, sprinkler and deluge systems, fireproofing, and
insulation, etc.). It does not include the empty weight of
process equipment, vessels, piping or cable trays.
 Erection Dead Load (Df): The erection weight of process equipment or vessels.
 Empty Dead Load (De): Empty weight of process equipment, vessels, tanks, piping,
and cable trays.
 Operating Dead Load (Do): Operating dead load is the empty weight of process
equipment, vessels, tanks, piping, and cable trays plus the
maximum weight of contents (fluid load) during normal
operation.
 Test Load (Dt): Empty weight of process equipment or vessels, and/or
piping plus the weight of the test medium contained in the
system.
add: Test loads shall
have the same load
factor as dead load con-
servatively
_________________________________________________________________________________
ARCHITECTURAL EBED
8.2 Live Load (LL) all movable loads
A live load is any load not permanently fixed to the structure, e.g., loading caused by personnel,
furniture, tools, or traffic. Loads imposed by piping, equipment and attachments, or lifting equipment
such as cranes, shall be considered separately and not included in the live load.
A) Building Structures: parts of dismantled equipment and stored material
Live Loads shall be applied as per ASCE/SEI 7-05 Chapter 4. Unless otherwise shown below, most
commonly used live loads shall be as per Table 4.1 of SEI/ASCE 7-05.
4-1
Table 8.2A Table of Live Load
Uniform Concentrated
Occupancy or Use
(kPa) (kN)
Access Floor systems:

2.5 9.0
Office use
5.0 9.0
Computer use
Exit Facilities includes Waiting Areas, Lobby Corridor,

5.0 4.5
Stairs and Fire escapes.
Panel Floors, Battery Rooms 10.0 -
Control, I/O, HVAC Rooms Floors 5.0 4.5
Roofs:
Non- accessible Flat Roofs 1.0
-
Accessible Flat Roofs 1.5
Sloping Roofs 1.0
Roofs used for assembly purposes 4.8 -
Roofs used for promenade purposes 2.9 -
B) Non-Building Structures:
include for
Loads generated during maintenance by workers, equipment and material, along with temporary
Mechanical, electrical, instrument workshop building (inclusive of covered area), workshop
forces for repair, dismantling area
and painting of centre,
in training equipment etc. shall be store
and consumables considered
loads?? as live loads. Live
loads shall be as per ASCE/SEI 7-05 Chapter 4. Unless otherwise shown below, most commonly
used live loads shall be as per Table 4.1 of SEI/ASCE 7-05.
4-1
Table 8.2B Table of Live Load
Uniform Concentrated
Occupancy or Use
(kPa) (kN)
Stairs and Exit ways 5.0 4.5
Operating, Access Platforms, and Walkways 3.6 4.5
Catwalks/ Cross Over’s for Maintenance access 2.0 1.33
Ground-Supported Storage Tank Roof 1.2 -

Road bridges and culverts Truck Load
Note for Live Loads: Add: Uniform loads and concentrated loads do not occur simultaneously
• Uniform and concentrated live loads listed above shall not be applied simultaneously.
• According to ASCE-07, concentrated loads equal to or greater than 4.5 kN may be assumed to
be uniformly distributed over an area of 750 mm x 750 mm and shall be located to produce the
maximum load effects in the structural members.
Include also
Storage areas loads??
Trench_________________________________________________________________________________
Cover (Non Vehicular) ??
Sand load on roof (Minimum) ??
Platforms where heavy maintenance may occur shall be designed for a minimum uniform live load??
Railing and handrails shall be designed for a minimum concentrated load ??

ARCHITECTURAL EBED
8.3 Truck Load

Structures accessible to trucks shall be designed to withstand the gravity, lateral and impact effects
of truck loading. Truck loading shall be H20-44 or HS20-44 wheel load as defined in AASHTO
specifications.
Bridges, culverts and other underground facilities shall be designed for the maximum expected
loading condition caused by transportation of heavy equipment.
8.4 Paving Live loads for Buried Construction
Live loads and paving live loads for buried constructions and paving shall be as given below table,
Table 8.4 Table of Paving Live Load
DESIGNATION OF MINIMUM APPLIED LOAD

LOADED AREA Provide code & section reference for any value present in
Wall of basements, this document
 EXTERNAL LOADS
Tanks, Manholes, Pits,
Trenches & Retaining In addition to the lateral loads of external soil and ground water, the
lateral load effects of the following surface loads shall be applied a
walls ,etc.
uniform surcharge load of 10 kN/sq.m or a moving axle load specific
to the type of duty area as defined for concrete paving below,
whichever is more severe.
 INTERNAL LOADS
Lateral pressure of retained solids or fluids under worst possible
condition.
Concrete Paving,  LIGHT DUTY AREA (not subject to vehicle traffic)
Manhole and Trench Moving axle load (2 tyres) of 20 kN plus impact of 25% or a uniform
Covers load of 5kN/sq.m whichever is more severe.
 MEDIUM DUTY AREA (subject to light and medium vehicle traffic)
Moving double axle load of 120 kN
(8 tires, 60 kN per axle) plus impact of 25% or a
moving single axle load (2 tires) of 60 kN plus
impact of 25% or a uniform of 10 kN/sq.m whichever is more severe.
 HEAVY DUTY AREA (subject to heavy vehicle traffic)
Moving single axle load of 120 kN,(4 tires) or Moving double axle
load of 180 kN (8 tires) 90 kN per axle) or Moving triple axle load of
255 kN(12 tires), 85 kN per axle) plus 25% impact for all whichever
is more severe
 SPECIAL DUTY AREA (subject to very heavy traffic and/or very
movable equipment)
Load to be determined as per actual conditions.
Add to section 8.3:

Maintenance or construction crane loads shall also be considered. Mobile crane loads shall be the greater of either, mov-
ing wheel loads plus impact or the maximum outriggers reaction at full lifting capacity. Maximum horizontal loads caused
by braking or acceleration shall be considered as applicable. For the design of each structural element the most unfavour-
able position of the crane or other moving loads shall be considered. For moving loads an appropriate impact factor shall
be applied. Truck or crane loads shall have the same load factor as live loads.
At least one road leading to the main process area(s) shall be designated as a heavy equipment route and bridges/cul-
verts including other underground facilities shall be designed for the maximum expected loading condition caused by
transportation of heavy equipment
_________________________________________________________________________________
ARCHITECTURAL EBED
8.5 Wind Load (WL)

Wind loads shall be computed and applied in accordance with ASCE/SEI 7-05 or BS 6399-2
(Standard method), and the following parameters:
This code is superseded,
Wind Design data:
withdrawn and replaced by
BS EN 1991-1-
(Refer, 327101-P-BOD-0001, Process design basis –Site Data) 4:2005+A1:2010
Site - Fujairah Port

Basic Wind Speed (V) - 45 m/sec (COMPANY to confirm) Basic wind speed 31.7 m/sec (HOLD)
Exposure Category -C
Shall be finalized based
Velocity Pressure (qz): meteorological data
The Velocity pressure qz evaluated at height z shall be calculated by the following equation:
qz = 0.613KzKztKdV2 I (N/m2)
Superscript
Where,
Kz = Velocity Pressure Exposure Coefficient
Velocity Pressure Exposure Coefficient for Category “C” as per Table 6-3 of ASCE 7-05
this table representation for exposure category C, if
Table 8.5A Table of Velocity Pressureexposure category changes table needs to be up-
dated
Height above Ground Level “z”
Kz
(m)
0- 4.6 0.85
6.1 0.90
7.6 0.94
9.1 0.98
12.2 1.04
15.2 1.09
18.0 1.13
21.3 1.17
24.4 1.21
27.4 1.24
30.5 1.26
36.6 1.31
42.7 1.36
48.8 1.39
54.9 1.43
61.0 1.46
76.2 1.53
91.4 1.59
106.7 1.64
121.9 1.69
137.2 1.73
152.4 1.77
Kzt = Topographic Factor – Calculated as per section 6.5.7.2 of ASCE 7-05

= 1.0 (For pipe racks and Open Frame Structures)
Kd = Wind Directionality Factor
= 0.85 (For Pipe Racks & Open Frame Structures when used with load conditions)
Wind Directionality Factor as per Table 6-4 of ASCE 7-05
_________________________________________________________________________________
ARCHITECTURAL EBED
Table 8.5B Table of Wind Directionality Factor
Structure Type Kd
0.85
Buildings: Main Wind Force Resisting System (MWRS) 0.85
Components and Cladding (C & C)
Arched Roofs 0.85

Chimneys, Tanks and Similar Structures:
Square 0.90
Hexagonal 0.95
Round 0.95
Solid Signs 0.85
Open Signs and Lattice Framework 0.85
Trussed Towers:
Triangular, square, rectangular 0.85
All other cross sections 0.95
I = Importance Factor – As per Table 6-1 of ASCE 7-05

= 1.15 (Based on Occupancy Category IV – Table 6-1 of ASCE 7-05)
V = Basic Wind Speed (m/s)
Wind Force:
Building Structures: The wind force calculation for Building structures shall be as per ASCE 7-05 Section
6.5.12 and Section 6.15.3. The applied wind pressure “P” is determined by the basic equation:
P = qzGCP – qiGCpi (N/m2)
Non-Building Structures: The wind force calculation for Building structures shall be as per ASCE 7-05
Section 6.5.14 and Section 6.15.5. The applied wind force “F” is determined by the basic equation:
F = qzGCfAS (N)
Where,
qz = Velocity pressure at height z above ground
G = Gust Factor
Table 8.5C Table of Gust Factor

Condition Gust Factor (G)
For Pipe Rack, Open Frame
0.85
and Rigid Structures
For Flexible or Dynamically
As per Section 6.5.8.2 or Section 6.5.8.3 of ASCE 7-05
sensitive Structures
Cf = Net Force Coefficient
 Force coefficient for individual components of pipe rack can be considered as below,
No reduction shall be made for the shielding effect of vessels or structures adjacent to the
structure being designed
For Multi-Storied equipment supporting (process) structures, wind load shall be computed
on the full projected area perpendicular to wind of the occupied stories, considering a
force coefficient of 1.0
_________________________________________________________________________________
ARCHITECTURAL EBED
Table 8.5D Table of Force Coefficient

Component Cf
Structural Members (Except This is Aramco standard,
1.8 refer only international
Columns)
Structural Columns 2.0 standard, apparently
SABP-M-006 refer to
Pipes 0.7
ASCE 7-02
 Force Coefficient for components shall be as per Table 4-1 of SABP-M-006.
 For Open Frame Structures, Force coefficient shall be calculated based on equation below,
Cf = CDg/ SR (where, CDg = Drag Coefficient, SR = Solidity Ratio)
 Force Coefficient for various other Structures shall be as per Figure 6-20 to 6-23 of ASCE 7-05.
add criteria for wind load Wind action on Diagonal of a structure shall also be considered for the same as per applicability.
on pipe rack structure?? Cp = External Pressure Coefficient (ACSE 7-05 Figs. 6-6 through 6-8)
GCP = External Pressure Coefficient (ACSE 7-05 Figs. 6-10 through 6-17)
GCPi = Internal Pressure Coefficient (ASCE 7-05 Fig. 6-5)
 Wind pressure coefficients on Enclosed and Partially enclosed buildings shall be calculated as
per Section 6.5.12 of ASCE 7-05 which are based on External and Internal Pressure coefficients.
As AS = Projected Area Normal to Wind
 Open Frame Structures: Projected Area shall be calculated as per ASCE 7-05. Wind on open
structure like partially cladded shelter projected area will be the product of cladding width &
Height, for Structural Member product of width of section & Un-cladded height (Force co-efficient
will be as per Figure 6-6).
 Tributary Area for Piping: The tributary area for piping should be based on the diameter of the
largest pipe plus 10% of the width of the pipe rack. This sum is multiplied by the length of the
pipes (bent spacing) to determine the tributary area. If piping arrangements are not known, the
engineer may assume the piping area to be 10% of the gross area of the face of the structure for
each principal axis.
 Tributary Area for Cable Trays: The tributary area for cable trays should be based on the height
of the largest tray plus 10% of the width of the pipe rack. This sum is multiplied by the length of
the pipes (bent spacing) to determine the tributary area.
8.6 Earthquake loads (EL)

Earthquake forces shall be calculated using IBC, ZONE -2A (Z= 0.2 g) for project site as per
COMPANY SUPPLIED Geotechnical investigation interpretative report, Clause NO.:17.
Earthquake loads shall be computed and applied in accordance with ASCE/SEI 7-05, and the
recommended publications mentioned below
Mean Peak Ground Acceleration = 10.0% (As per clause: 17 of geo report)
Site Class = D for Group-1
= C for Group-2 & 3 (As per clause: 17 of geo report)
Occupancy Category = IV Response Modification Factors??
Importance Factor = 1.5 for the Control room, substation, Medical and
fire Station building
= 1.25 for the Administration building &
elevated structures higher than 7.5 m above
ground and for all tanks.
= 1.00 for all other structures
Elaborate more on design criteria for earthquake loads as per ASCE/SEI 7-05
clause 12 (seismic design requirements for building structures), 13 (seismic design requirements for Non-structural Components) & 15 (seis-
mic design requirements for Non-building structures i.e tank & vessels)
also as per API 650-App E (i.e seismic design of storage tank)
_________________________________________________________________________________
ARCHITECTURAL EBED
8.7 Crane / Impact Loads, (I)

Impact load shall be defined as an equivalent static load that approximates the dynamic effect of the
reciprocating machinery, rotating machinery or the moving load. Impact and hoist loads shall be
considered to be live loads.
 Machinery: Impact factors shall be in accordance with Section 4.7.2 of ASCE/SEI 7-05 or vendor
provided criteria. represent the impact factor values here as per section 4.7.2 as like Table 8.7
 Crane Loads: The crane live load shall be the rated capacity of the crane. Design loads for the
runway beams, including connections and support brackets, of moving bridge cranes and
monorail cranes shall include the maximum wheel loads of the crane and the vertical impact,
lateral, and longitudinal forces induced by the moving crane.
Table 8.7 Table of Impact Factor
Crane Type Impact Factor
Vertical Impact:
 Gantry and Bridge Crane supports
 Monorail supports and under hung cranes 25% of Maximum vertical wheel load
 Davits, Jib cranes
Bridge cranes or monorail cranes with hand-geared bridge, trolley, and hoist 0% of Maximum vertical wheel load
Transverse Impact:
 Crane way 20% of Rated load capacity of crane and
Crane runway beams with electrically powered trolleysweight of hoist and trolley
 Davits 20% of the lifted loads
Longitudinal Impact:
 Crane way 10% of Maximum wheel load applied at top of
runway
Crane runway beams except for bridge cranes with hand-geared bridges
 Monorails 10% of lifted load, hoist and trolley
 Davits 10% of lifted load
Note:
 Crane loads shall be applied on the structure considering crane location that will produce
maximum load effects. (Or Forces shall be applied at the top of the rail for top running cranes
and at the bottom flange for under running cranes).
 Transverse force on crane runway beams shall be assumed to act horizontally at the traction
surface of the runway beam, in either direction perpendicular to the beam, and shall be distributed
with due regard to lateral stiffness of the runway beam and supporting structure.
8.8 Piping Loads, (PL)

The Piping load is the weight of the pipe, fittings, valves, insulation, and the fluid in the piping, and
is classified either as piping load for empty P (E), a piping load for operation P (O), or a piping load
for testing P (T). Loads for piping on pipe racks shall be estimated as follows, unless actual load
information is available and requires otherwise:
1. Piping load for empty P (E) is the weight of the pipe, fittings, valves and insulation.
For pipes less than 300 mm (12”) diameter a uniformly distributed load of 0.9 kN/m2 shall be
applied on the Transverse beams or beams supporting the pipes. For pipes greater than 300 mm
diameter the actual loads shall be applied on the load points as per piping load data or input.
_________________________________________________________________________________
ARCHITECTURAL EBED
2. Piping load for operation P (O) is the weight of the pipe, fittings, valves, insulation and the fluid in
the piping during normal operating conditions.
For pipes less than 300 mm (12”) diameter a uniformly distributed load of 1.9 kN/m2 shall be
applied on the Transverse beams or beams supporting the pipes. For pipes greater than 300 mm
diameter the actual loads shall be applied on the load points as per piping load data or input.
3. Piping load for testing P (T) is the weight of the pipe, fittings, valves, insulation and water in the
piping during hydrostatic testing with water. For gas piping, which shall be tested pneumatically,
no hydrostatic test load shall be considered.
For pipes less than 300 mm (12”) diameter a uniformly distributed load of 2.5 kN/m2 shall be applied
on the Transverse beams or beams supporting the pipes. For pipes greater than 300 mm diameter the
actual loads shall be applied on the load points as per piping load data or input.
For stress critical piping, piping loads as provided in stress analysis reports shall be used to design as
applicable.
Pipe anchor / axial stop / guide horizontal forces shall be obtained from piping stress analysis report.
8.9 Thermal /Friction Loads, (T)

Thermal Loads are categorized as follows:
Tp = Forces on vertical vessels, horizontal vessels, or heat exchangers
caused by the thermal expansion of the pipe attached to the vessel.
T = Self-straining thermal forces caused by the restrained expansion of

horizontal vessels, heat exchangers, and structural members in pipe
racks or in structures.
Af = Pipe anchor and guide forces.
Ff = Pipe rack friction forces caused by the sliding of pipes or friction forces
caused by the sliding of horizontal vessels or heat exchangers on their
supports, in response to thermal expansion.
All support structures and elements thereof shall be designed to accommodate the loads or effects
produced by thermal expansion and contraction of equipment, piping and the structure itself. Thermal
loads shall be included with operating loads in the appropriate load combinations. Thermal load shall
have the same load factor as dead load. Add:
Thermal loads and displacements caused by operating conditions shall be based on
Anchor Forces (Af): the design temperature of the item of equipment rather than the operating
temperature
Anchor force during operation shall be considered as permanent and will be considered as per the
piping load input from piping stress analysis. Pipe rack beams, struts, columns, braced anchor frames,
and foundations shall be designed to resist actual pipe anchor and guide loads. For local beam design
consider only the top flange as acting in horizontal bending unless the pipe anchor engages both
flanges of the beam.
Friction load (Ff):
The Thermal Load is the force occurring due to thermal expansion or contraction of the materials of
the structure, the force occurring at piping and equipment anchor points, and the sliding or rolling
friction forces due to thermal expansion or contraction.
Thermal loads and displacements caused by operating conditions shall be based on the design
temperature of the item of equipment and piping rather than the operating temperature.
specify the Thermal criteria for

_________________________________________________________________________________
minimum ambient installation
COMPANY Document temperatureRev.00
No.: 327101-C-BOD-0001,
maximum
CONTRACTORambient installation
Document temperature
No.: 614030-AA00-41EA-0001 Page 18 of 46
value of Design atmospheric temperature ranges
ARCHITECTURAL EBED
In the design of pipe ways, pipe racks and pipe supports, consideration shall be given to thermal forces
resulting from sliding or rolling friction of piping and equipment.
This force shall be assumed to act in direction parallel to the piping run (Longitudinal horizontal force)
and shall be as follows:
TF = 30% of Operating Load (1 to 3 pipes) In addition to reactions from thermal forces, pipe rack longitud-
= 20% of Operating Load (4 to 6 pipes) inal girders shall be designed for an arbitrary uniform operating
vertical load of 2.5kN/m. This load shall not be distributed to
= 10% of Operating Load (7 or more pipes) the foundations.
The transverse horizontal force due to friction of 10% of the vertical load per layer shall be applied and
shall be distributed to foundations.
Longitudinal beam of pipe rack / pipe bridge shall be design by 10 kN point load at center of beam.
For stress critical piping, piping loads as stress analysis reports shall be used to design and as
applicable.
Friction loads caused by thermal expansion shall be determined using the appropriate static coefficient
of friction. Coefficients of friction shall be as follows:
Steel To Steel (Corroded) = 0.3
Steel to Concrete or grout = 0.45
Proprietary Sliding Surfaces = Manufacturers instruction otherwise
0.15 (Or Steel to Teflon/Neoprene, etc.)
8.10 Equipment Loads, (E)
The Equipment load is the weight of equipment or machinery, including appurtenances and is classified
as an erection load, an empty load, an operating load and a testing load. When the load of the piping
attached to the equipment is supported by the equipment, such piping load shall be included in the
equipment load. Equipment load shall be derived from the equipment vendor.
 Erection load “E (R)” Heavy equipment lowered onto a supporting structure can introduce extreme point loads on struc-
tural members, exceeding any operating or test load. This potential loading condition shall be con-
sidered
The Erection load is the load in design
imposed duringcalculations where appropriate.
erection conditions, includes the weight of all vessels,
columns etc., without structural columns, platforms, internals insulation and fireproofing.
 Empty load “E (E)”
The Empty load is the load imposed during empty conditions, including the weight of internals, and all
the external attachments, such as platforms, ladders and piping to be attached to the equipment or
machinery, equipment and piping insulation, and fireproofing on the equipment.
 Operating load “E (O)”
The Operation load is the load imposed during normal operating conditions. It is the empty load plus
the weight of fluids and solids within the equipment.
 Test load “E (T)”
The Testing load is the load imposed during hydrostatic testing. It is the empty load plus the weight of
water in the equipment and piping.
Add criteria for

1) equipment nozzles loads?? i.e nozzle load, notional horizontal load
2 ) Air cooler load
_________________________________________________________________________________
ARCHITECTURAL EBED
8.11 Bundle Pull Loads, (Bp) /Maintenance Load
Structures and foundations supporting heat exchangers subject to bundle pulling shall be designed
for a horizontal load equal to 1.0 times the weight of the removable tube bundle but not less than
9.0kN. If the total weight of the exchanger is less than 9.0kN, the bundle pull design load need not
exceed the total weight of the exchanger.
The portion of the bundle pull load at the sliding end support shall equal the friction force or half of
the total bundle pull load, whichever is less. The remainder of the bundle pull load shall be resisted
at the anchor end support.
Bundle pull loads to be further applied in accordance with PIP STE03360 - Heat Exchanger and
Horizontal Vessel Foundation Design.
8.12 Vibration Loads, (V) /Dynamic loads
Foundation supporting a compressor, gas turbine, pump, diesel engine or other machinery having
significant dynamic unbalance shall be designed to resist the peak loads specified by the
manufacturer. Vibration amplitudes of the supporting structure or foundation shall be kept within the
acceptable limits for dynamic forces that occur during normal machine operation. In the case of a
tall and slender structure, there may be a need to investigate the dynamic effects of wind gusts.
and 2.0 tons mass
Centrifugal pumps less than 750 kW do not require a dynamic analysis. However, the foundation to
pump assembly weight ratio shall not be less than three. Foundation for centrifugal pumps over 750
kW require a three dimensional dynamic analysis. For such equipment, foundation to machine weight ratio shall not be less
or 2.0 tons mass than 5 to 1.
Supports & foundations for vibrating equipment shall be designed to limit vibrations to levels
CP 2012-1:1974 With-
drawn acceptable for equipment operation and human tolerance.
Dynamic design and other requirements for equipment foundation shall be in accordance with BS
CP 2012 or ISO 10816 or ISO 1940/1 or DIN 4024 Part 1”.
Exciting forces shall be taken as the maximum values that, according to the Manufacturer of the equipment. In the case where the exciting
force is not available, provide the formula,
8.13 Traffic or Truck Loads,
Concrete slab on grade, trenches, bridges, culverts and underground installations accessible to truck
loading shall be designed to withstand HS20-44 or H20-44 wheel load as defined by AASHTO
Standard Specifications for Highway Bridges. Maintenance or construction crane loads shall be
considered also, where applicable. Truck or crane loads shall have the same load factor as live load.
8.14 Construction Load

The minimum design loads for buildings and other structures shall be in accordance with SEI/ASCE
37-02.
8.15 Ground Water Pressure, (H)

The ground water pressure shall be considered for the structure below ground water level. Ground
water level shall be referred from geotechnical interpretative report.
8.16 Earth and Water Pressure, (HL)

Earth & hydrostatic water pressure on retaining walls and underground structures shall be
determined and considered as live loads, adopting earth pressure coefficients to reflect the actual
soil or proposed backfill material. Concrete bund walls shall be designed for accidental load condition when the bund is com-
pletely filled with water to the crest. Only the hydrostatic fluid acting in the outward direc-
tion and gravity loading need be considered. The factor of safety shall not be less than 1.3
for this loading condition.
8.20 Add: Differential Settlement ??

_________________________________________________________________________________
ARCHITECTURAL EBED
8.17 Blast Load, (BL)

Blast pressure shall be in accordance with QRA (Quantitative Risk Analysis) report. Blast resistant
building design shall be in accordance with ASCE 41088, design of blast resistant buildings in
petrochemical facilities. Task Committee Report
All loads applied to structures due to short-term dynamic pressures which emanate from an external
explosion shall be considered as blast loads. Include min. design requirements for blast design under sec-
tion 8.17 i.e Negligible or No blast load criteria, Blast resilient
8.18 Sand Trays Load, (SL) & blast resistant
Sand load of 1.0 kN/m2 shall be applied on the flat roof in buildings.
superscript Provide code & section reference for any
8.19 Cable Trays Load, (CT) value present in this document
Load for single level cable trays = 1.0 kN/m2

Load for double level cable trays = 1.9 kN/m2
superscript
9. LOAD COMBINATIONS Revisit the whole table and update accord-
ingly
Design loads shall be arranged such that the combined loads produced the most severe affect on
the elements & structure as a whole.
Load combinations involving minimum dead load maximum overturning loads shall be included in
the civil / structural analysis and design.
Revisit & revise the table
Appropriate load factors within all load combinations shall be applied in accordance with the design
code(s) being used.
Structures and members of structures as well as their support and fixing points shall be designed for
the various loading combinations given in the below tables:
Missing: Earthquake (EL)
Missing ??
DLoperating?? Table 9.0 Table of Load Combination
Load Operation Test Empty Erection Maintenance Blast load (BL)

Component (A) (B) (C) (D) (E) (F)
without with
wind wind
Dead load * * * * *
Live load * *
Crane load Impact
/ load * review cells, Impact load
only with operating load??
Erection
*
weight
dead loadEmpty weight * DLempty to be appeared
for all cases.
Operating
*
weight
Test load *
Maintenance
*
weight
Piping load * * * *
update the
operating
_________________________________________________________________________________
COMPANY Document No.: 327101-C-BOD-0001, Rev.00load with
CONTRACTOR Document No.: 614030-AA00-41EA-0001 wind and Page 21 of 46
without wind
Missing : The effect of wind forces
Truck Load(LL(moving load))?? acting on temporary scaf-
Earth/Water Pressure ?? folding erected during con-
Differential settlement ?? struction, or later for main-
ARCHITECTURAL tenance, which will be
EBED
transferred to the vessel or
column shall be con-
sidered. When considering
these effects, the actual
projected area of the scaf-
Load Operation Test Empty Erection Maintenance Blast load fold members together
Component (A) (B) (C) (D) (E) (F) with the correct shape
factor and drag coefficient
X should be used
Wind force * *(75%) * * *
*(see
Earthquake * below * * *
”#”)
Friction load / Thermal load *
Dynamic load/Vibration force * X
Blast Load *
Mark with 'X' instead of *, to have more clarity

* shows applicable Only Blast Load without
Only if the structure supports rotating
any dead wt??
equipment that will be in operation
# It is applicable only for tanks. while a vessel is being tested with wa-
ter
Hydro test Combinations:
 Consideration shall be given to the sequence and combination of testing for various equipment,
vessels, tanks, and/or piping systems supported on common structures, pipe racks, or
Revisit & revise the table foundations. Full live wind and earthquake loads are typically not combined with hydro test loads
unless unusually long hydro test duration is planned.
 Additional loading shall be included with hydro test if specified in the contract documents.
 The minimum stability ratio, and increase in allowable soil pressures for foundation in the
presence of Hydro test loads, shall be in accordance with recommendations of the geotechnical
report.
 For ultimate strength/limit states design, no load factor reduction shall be permitted for any hydro
test load combination.
 Engineering judgment shall be used in establishing the appropriate application of test load
combinations to adequately address actual test conditions in accordance with project and code
requirements while avoiding overly conservative design.
Ground Supported Storage Tank Load Combinations:
 Load combinations for ground-supported storage tanks shall be as per API STD 650. Load
combinations from API STD 650 and modified for use with ASCE/SEI 7-05 loads.
10. ANALYSIS AND DESIGN
Analysis and design of structures shall be carried out using STAAD Pro V8i. For design of other
structural components like footing etc., Foundation 3D/Mat 3D, STAAD foundation and/or in-house
developed Excel sheets shall be used. Documentation will be done using MS Word/Excel.
11. STRUCTURAL STEEL DESIGN BASIS
specify the code compliances for the following items
handrail, unfinished bolts, high strength bolts, unfinished nuts,
11.1 General hardened steel washers, structural pipe & structural tubing
 Structural steel shall be in accordance with BSI BS EN 10025 Grade S275, ASTM A36 or
equivalent.
 All gusset and stiffener plates shall be minimum 10mm thick. For minor structures such as small
access platforms and miscellaneous structures, 6mm thick gusset and stiffener plates may be
used.
ADD Factored load combination table for
_________________________________________________________________________________
1.0 L/C for Allowable Stress Design & Serviceability Condition (For Foundation Stability , Steel Structure Stress, Deflection Checks)
2.0 L/C for Strength Design (For Reinforced Concrete Structures Design)

ARCHITECTURAL EBED
 Minimum thickness of end plate material used for structural shapes shall be 16mm unless noted
otherwise (U.N.O.)
 Structural Steel design shall be in accordance with Load and Resistance Factor Design method,
of AISC 13th Edition Steel Construction Manual specifications.
 For cold-formed shapes, design shall be in accordance with AISI specifications.
 Compression flanges of floor beams, not supporting equipment, may be considered braced by
decking (concrete or floor plate) if positively connected thereto.
 Grating shall not be considered as lateral bracing for support beams.
 Steel design, including steel joists and metal decking, shall be designed in accordance with
OSHA 29 CFR 1926, Subpart R, to provide structural stability during erection and to protect
employees from the hazards associated with steel erection activities. A brief summary of some
of the more common requirements that effect steel design is provided as follows. (This is not an
all-inclusive list):
a) All column base plates must be designed with a minimum of four anchor bolts. Posts
(weighing less than 136 kg) are distinguished from columns and are excluded from the four
anchor bolt requirement.
b) Columns, column base plates, and their foundation must be designed to resist a minimum
eccentricity gravity load of 136 kg located 450 mm from the extreme outer face of the
column in each direction at the top of the column shaft. Column splices must be designed
to meet the same load-resisting characteristics as those of the columns.
c) Double connections through column webs or at beams that frame over the tops of columns
must be designed so that at least one installed bolt remains in place to support the first
beam while the second beam is being erected. The fabricator must also supply a seat or
equivalent device with a means of positive attachment to support the first beam while the
second beam is being erected.
d) Perimeter columns must extend 1200 mm above the finished floor (unless constructability
does not allow) to allow the installation of perimeter safety cables. Provision shall be made
for the attachment of safety cables
 Wind and other lateral loads shall be carried to the foundations by means of moment resisting in
one direction and X-bracing or K-bracing in the other perpendicular direction. Portal frames can
be used when the use of bracings is not possible.
 Crane gantry girders shall be of welded construction and of single span length. Splicing in the
girder shall not be permitted.
 Crane stops shall be designed for load calculated as per the manufacturer input.
11.2 Connection Bolts for Structural Steel

Bolts 20 mm and larger shall be high strength ASTM A325M, ASTM A490 or equivalent. Bolts 16
mm and smaller shall be in accordance with ASTM A307 Grade A or equivalent.
Unless noted otherwise on the drawing, bolt size shall be as follows:

Provide code & section reference for any value present in
 For main members = 20 mm this document
 Purlin, girts, plan bracings = 16mm
 For railings and ladders = 12 mm
 For ladder cages = 12 mm
 For stair treads = 8 mm
The minimum number of bolts on either side of a connection or splice shall be 2 bolts.
add criteria for Anchoring in Concrete (as per ACI 318M App D)
_________________________________________________________________________________
ARCHITECTURAL EBED
All structural steel connection bolts shall be high strength and galvanized bolts. The connections
shall be designed as bearing type connections. Shop connections shall be welded, except that bolts
may be used when welding is impractical. Field connections shall be bolted.
11.3 Welding
Welding shall conform to the AWS D1.1. All welding electrodes shall meet filler metal requirements
given in AWS D1.1. The electrode material shall be E7018 or E70XX.
All welded structural connections shall use weld filler metal conforming to AWS D1.1 with electrode
strength of 400MPa minimum yield strength and 480MPa minimum tensile strength, unless otherwise
required.
All structural strength welding shall be continuous.
The edges of all tightly contacting surfaces shall be completely seal welded.
Minimum thickness of fillet weld,
Structural weld = 6mm, Seal Weld = 3mm
11.4 Hold Down (HD) Bolts and Embedded Items

 Anchor bolts shall conform to ASTM F1554, Grade 36 or ASTM A36.
 Steel nuts material shall conform to ASTM A563M.
 Connections to concrete other than HD Bolts shall be made with Hilti injection adhesive or an
approved equivalent.
 Unless specified otherwise all anchor bolts, nuts and washers shall be Hot-dip galvanized.
 Steel inserts and bearing pads that are cast-in concrete shall be hot dip galvanized in accordance
with BSI BS EN ISO 1461or equivalent or ASTM A153.
 Minimum thickness of embedded items viz. lugs/rod shall be 12mm
 Base plate hole sizes for structural steel columns shall be as follows:
Anchor bolts diameter 12mm to 22 mm – 8 mm oversize. Provide code & section reference for any
Anchor bolts diameter 25mm to 44 mm – 12 mm oversize. value present in this document
Anchor bolts diameter 50mm to 57 mm – 19 mm oversize.
Anchor bolts diameter over 64 mm – 25 mm oversize.
11.5 Walkways, Platforms, Staircases, Ladders and Hand Railing
 The minimum width of walkways, platforms and staircases shall be 762 mm (30 inches).
 The minimum head room for platforms and walkways shall be 2200 mm. Code ref??
 Walkways shall be provided with handrails.
 Ladders may be installed instead of staircases if the ladders are only required for occasional use
and escape routes.
 Grating shall be 25 x 4.5mm thk. serrated load bars at 30mm centers with cross rods at 100mm
centers banded and hot dip galvanized.
 Floor plate (chequer plate) shall be a minimum of 6mm thick U.N.O.
 Handrail shall be tubular handrail system, hot dip galvanized.
Add section for

1) minimum thickness of material
2) preferred structural steel section
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ARCHITECTURAL EBED
11.6 Limiting Deflection

Deflection limits for structural design shall be followed as per the following Table.
give code reference for
Table 11.6 Table of Deflection Limit the values given
Table Deflection Limits

Vertical Horizontal
Category Member Type
Deflection Deflection
Steel
Purlin & girths L/200
Members:
Floor beams
- without equipment L/300
- with equipment L/500
Crane runway girders :
Span(un- supported
‐ CMAA other than Class E & F L/800
horizontal span) /500
‐ CMAA Class E & F L/1000
Hoist monorail beams L/750
Jib crane ( See Below Note-1) L/225

Cantilevered beams (overhang)??
Steel Top of column in a single storey & each

Frames: storey of a building / structure with more
H/200
than one storey.
Pipe
Main supporting beams L/400
Racks:
combined deflection of intermediate beams
L/200
and longitudinal tie beams
Pipe rack frames , Structure and access
H/200
platforms
Add:
Where ‘H’ is the height of frames and ‘L’ is the span of beams. deflection criteria for concrete beams
Clear span or Effective span??
Note -1:
Maximum allowable deflection when loaded with the maximum lifted plus hoist loads without impact.
Length of jib crane is the maximum distance from the support column to load location along the length
of the jib beam.
Note -2:
Allowable Seismic Drift Limits: The design story drift (∆) shall not exceed the allowable story drift (∆a)
as obtained from ASCE7-05 Table 12.12-1 occupancy category IV for any story. represent the values here
in tabular format
11.7 Limiting Slenderness Ratios
Slenderness ratio of the steel members shall be as per AISC Specification of Structural Steel Building
and in any event will not exceed the following:
Members in Compression: kl / r = 200 (180 preferred) 13th edition steel construction manual
Members in Tension: kl / r = 300 (250 preferred)
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ARCHITECTURAL EBED
11.8 Pipe Rack

 Pipe racks shall be of rigidly portal framed steel construction in the transverse direction and portal
frame with bracing in the longitudinal direction. Bracing members shall be provided, that do not
interfere with piping, operation and maintenance.
 All pipe racks shall be constructed using structural steel. Concrete pipe racks are not permitted.
 Connection of foundation and column base of steel structure can be assumed as only fixity about
the major axis.
 For pipe rack design, provisions shall be made for thermal expansion of steel, with the structural
steel checked for temperature change. Slotted connections (sliding connection / Expansion
joints) shall be provided in each segment of the pipe rack (at end of segment) to allow for
structural steel thermal expansion.
 The maximum segment for the pipe rack shall be limited to 40 to 60 m (preferably 42 meters) in
length and a minimum of one braced bay shall be provided within this segment. The location of
each braced bay should be approximately centered between the expansions joints along the
length of the pipe rack.
 Details and requirements for the slotted connection and special bolting procedures to ensure the
connection can slip fully shall be detailed on the engineering drawings.
 Lateral stability shall be achieved by moment resisting connections or bracing. Longitudinal
stability shall be achieved by knee braces or braced bays.
 In areas where gravity loading of struts is anticipated, struts shall be designed for axial loads
Add: produced by longitudinal pipe loads plus gravity load moments and shears. Such struts should
Tension only design is
not allowed for main be designed for the actual load but not less than 50% of the gravity loading of the loaded
brace members in transverse pipe support beam. This loading requirement will account for the usual piping and
piperacks and equip- electrical conduit that is "rolled-out" of the pipe rack. Concentrated loads for large pipes shall also
ment supporting struc-
be included in design. Where gravity loading is not anticipated, longitudinal struts shall be
tures.
designed for axial load only. The primary source of axial loads is longitudinal pipe loads.
11.9 Fire Proofing for Steel Structures

Add minimum Fireproofing requirements shall be provided as per design basis for Technical Safety, Doc. No 327101-
design criteria S-BOD-0001 and Specification for Passive Fire Proofing, Doc. No 327101-L-SPC-0004.
for fire proofing
Fireproofing shall be provided for pipe supports, steel structures, etc within dyke area of crude oil tanks
under section and process area to protect from potential hydrocarbon fire.
11.9 11.10 Galvanizing, Painting and Coatings
 All materials, except ASTM A490 or ASTM A490M bolts, and crane rails, shall be galvanized.
Steel embedded in concrete (including ASTM A36/A36M, ASTM A307 and ASTM F1554, steel
insert, bearing pads and anchor bolts) shall be hot-dip galvanized. All above mentioned items
shall be hot dip galvanized in accordance with BSI BS EN ISO 1461or equivalent or ASTM A153
or Project painting specification,Doc. No 327101-L-SPC-0003.
 All Bolts, Nuts and Washers shall meet the required mechanical properties after Galvanizing.
 Painting and Coating shall be provided in accordance with project specification.
12. CONCRETE WORKS DESIGN BASIS
12.1 General
 Reinforced concrete structures and foundations shall be designed in accordance with the ACI
318M-11. &Standard Building Code Requirements for Structural Concrete ACI318M-08
 Precast and prestressed concrete shall be in accordance with PCI Design Handbooks (MNL 120
& MNL 122).
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ARCHITECTURAL EBED
 All Concrete design shall be based on Strength Design Method that ensures that strength of the
structure and structural elements are sufficient to withstand the design loads by establishing that
the allowable ultimate stresses of the structural elements are not exceeded.
 The serviceability limit state design is to ensure that deflection and cracking do not adversely
affect the appearance, efficiency, or durability of the structure and vibration does not cause
discomfort or alarm to the occupants or damage to the structure.
 The minimum thickness shall not be less than values mentioned in Table 9.5(a) of ACI 318 for
Concrete Beams and One-Way slabs and Table 9.5(c) of ACI 318 for Two-Way Slabs.
 The minimum distance between individual bars shall be the largest of:
 Maximum size of coarse aggregate + 5 mm;
 1.5 x diameter of the bar;
 40 mm.
 The Spacing between reinforcement shall be provided as per ACI318M-11 Section 7.6 and
Special Considerations are ,
 In walls and floors with a thickness of 250 mm or more, reinforcing bars shall be placed on
both sides, over the full section.
 In footings and foundation slabs/blocks with a thickness of 250 mm or more, reinforcing
bars shall be placed on both top and bottom, over the full section.
 The space between the bars shall not exceed 250 mm. In addition, horizontal side
reinforcement shall be placed at maximum distances of 400 mm.
 Ensure additional diagonal reinforcement is placed at each re-entrant opening to prevent
cracks emanating from corners.
12.2 Soil Data

For details of soil profile, permissible safe bearing pressure, design ground water table, recommended
type of foundation etc shall be followed as per COMPANY supplied Geo-technical investigation
interpretative report no: PU-13-0024-NE/01/03.
12.3 Pedestals
The minimum projection of pedestals (equipment supporting structures/ Pump house/ compressor
shelter, equipment foundations, sleepers) shall be 150 mm above high point of pavement / finished
ground level / finished floor level whichever is higher. The minimum projections of pedestals for steel
column bases and all other foundations shall be 150 mm above high point of pavement / finished ground
level / finished floor level whichever is higher.
Small supports shall be supported from paving where possible. Inside buildings where there is already
a floor slab, use of pedestals should be minimized.
12.4 Grouting
 The minimum thickness of grout shall be 25 mm.
 Non-shrink, non-ferrous, non-chloride Portland cement flowable, self-leveling grout shall be used
under column base plates, vessels, skids supporting non-vibrating equipments or where shown
on the drawings having minimum compressive strength of 40 N/mm2 at 7 days and 60 N/mm2
at 28 days when tested using 50 mm cube specimens in accordance with ASTM C109.
 Epoxy non-shrink grout shall be used for vibrating equipment classified in the project
specifications. The minimum compressive strength shall be 65 N/mm2 at 24 hours and 95 N/mm2
at 7 days when tested using 50 mm cube specimens in accordance with ASTM C579 Method B.
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ARCHITECTURAL EBED
12.5 Foundations
 Foundations shall be sized and detailed as per the design loads and geotechnical investigation
reports and recommendations. The base size shall be adequate to transfer the loads safely on
to the bearing soil.
 Where soft materials are encountered under foundations or floor slabs, these unsuitable
materials are to be removed and replaced by approved/suggested fill materials or mass concrete
as appropriate. Specific foundation design provi-
 Backfilling of foundations & blinding concrete shall be as per project specifications. sions under blast loading shall be
as stipulated under section 8.17
12.6 Foundations for Heavy Machinery above
all building isolated For civil and structural design purposes ‘heavy machinery’ shall be defined as any equipment having
foundations shall be reciprocating or rotary masses as the major moving parts (such as compressors, pumps, engines and
checked for require-
turbines), and having a gross plan area more than 2.5 m2 or a total weight greater than 2500 kg. All
ment to be tied by
grade beams. Grade turbines and reciprocating compressors shall be regarded as ‘heavy machinery’ even if they weigh less
beams shall be de- than 2500 kg.
signed for forces res-
ulting from differen-
12.7 Requirements of Machine Foundations
tial settlement (usu-
Machine foundations shall satisfy the following requirements in general, unless specified otherwise.
ally taken as 50% of
total settlement)
combined with any 1) Concrete grade for foundations / superstructures shall be controlled concrete of grade C30, or
gravity loading and/ higher.
or axial forces result-
ing from lateral load- 2) All units of the foundation system, except foundation raft shall be provided with symmetric
ing or support reac- reinforcement on opposite faces, even if it is not required by design considerations.
tions
3) The soil stress below heavy machine foundations under dead loads shall not exceed 50% of the
allowable soil bearing capacity, or safe load on pile, for static loading.
Calculated settlement 4) The combined centre of gravity of the machine and foundation system shall, as far as possible,
shall be uniform and pass through the centre of area of the foundation raft or centroid of the pile group (In case of pile
shall not exceed the foundations). Where unavoidable, eccentricity shall be less than 5% for block foundations, and 3%
permissible settlement for frame foundations. However, in highly compressible soils, no eccentricity shall be permitted.
capacity of the connec-
ted piping system. 5) Foundations shall be so designed that natural frequency of the foundation system shall not
resonate with the following:
(a) Operating speed of the machine.
(b) Two times the operating speed of the machine. (This condition shall be complied only when
the manufacturer has furnished the unbalance forces related to two times the operating speed
of the machine.
In case of machines having different operating speeds of gear and drive, the operating speed
of machine only may be considered for avoiding resonance.
Natural frequency of the foundation shall preferably be ± 20% away from the above mentioned
frequencies. However, amplitude to be within permissible limits.
(c) Amplitude of vibration shall be less than values specified by the machine manufacturer.
(d) The foundation and its superstructure shall be separated from adjacent foundations and
platforms. Clear air gap shall be provided in superstructure to avoid transmission of vibration
to adjacent structures. Special note shall be given on the drawing in this respect, and suitable
details shall be shown as required.
(e) Foundations resting partly on rock and partly on soil shall preferably be avoided. However, if
unavoidable, the soil area shall be replaced by blind concrete C20, or as per the geo-technical
recommendations.
(f) Foundations shall not rest on previously backfilled or sensitive soils. Recommendations of the
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ARCHITECTURAL EBED
Geo-technical group shall be followed on a case–to-case basis regarding appropriate

foundation type or soil treatment.
(g) Block foundations shall preferably be cast in a single continuous operation. If a construction
joint is unavoidable (such as at approximately mid height of blocks which exceed 5 meters in
thickness), the plane of joint shall be horizontal and the following measures are recommended
to provide a proper joint.
 Before placing the new layer of concrete, the previously laid surface to be roughened,
thoroughly cleaned, washed by a jet of water and then covered by a layer of rich 1:2 cement
grout, 20mm thick.
 Concrete to be placed not later than 2 hours after the grout is laid.
(h) The foundation shall be isolated from the adjoining floors/foundations by providing isolation
joints to avoid transmission of vibration to adjoining area.
(i) Normally concrete block foundations are provided for reciprocating machines. Both the
foundation and machine are usually considered as a single body resting on elastic bedding.
(j) Mass of the foundation block shall be greater than three/five times that of the
rotating/reciprocating type of machine respectively. In addition, centre of gravity of the machine
and foundation shall preferably be located below the top of the foundation block. Total width
of the foundations raft shall be greater than the distance from the centre line of machine shaft
to the bottom of foundation raft, to ensure stability.
(k) All faces of the foundation block shall be provided with surface reinforcement. Minimum
reinforcement diameter in horizontal and vertical directions shall be 12 mm, and maximum
spacing of bars shall not exceed 200 mm.
(l) Pump Foundations: Centrifugal pumps less than 750 kW do not require a dynamic analysis.
Foundation for centrifugal pumps over 750 kW require a three dimensional dynamic analysis.
The type and depth of the foundation are judiciously decided by the designer.
The foundations are generally block type and shall be taken 1.0 to 1.5m below the NGL
(Natural ground level) depending upon the weight of the pump and motor. The size of the
foundation is generally governed by the minimum base plate dimension. The size shall be
based on the following criteria.
 Minimum base plate/frame dimensions
 Additional edge distance beyond pocket location
 The soil pressure shall be not more than 80% of the allowable bearing pressure under static
loads due to foundation and machine.
 The mass of the foundation block shall be greater than 3 times the mass of the total pump
assembly i.e., pump, motor, base frame etc.
 The minimum diameter of the reinforcement bars shall be 12 mm with maximum spacing
of 200mm c/c on all faces of the block.
(m) Fan and blower Foundations: Generally block type foundations are used for supporting these
equipment, so the criteria given for block foundation shall be followed.
(n) Foundations on Floor/Roof: Only small blowers/fans (Air handling units in Air-conditioning /
ventilation system) may be located on the floor slabs with proper vibration isolators like springs
or isolation pads. The floor system shall consist of slab & beam with RCC foundation blocks
resting mainly on beams. Proper vibration isolators shall be sandwiched between the
foundation block and structural floor system to avoid transmission of vibrations. The floor
slab/beam supporting these fans shall be designed for an equivalent load of 3 times the
equipment weight in addition to balance dead and live loads, and weight of pedestals etc.
Machinery foundation shall be independent of adjacent foundations. Sur-
rounding concrete slabs or paving shall be separated from the machinery
foundations by a 12mm joint formed with compressible material and
sealed with an approved elastic sealant
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ARCHITECTURAL EBED
12.8 Stability Analysis

In stability analysis calculations, using un-factored working loads, foundations shall be designed to
have minimum factors of safety as noted below. The weight of soil overburden may generally be taken
into account when calculating factor of safety, except as noted below.
Minimum factor of safety against overturning = 1.5 for erection & test
= 1.75 for operation & shut down
Minimum factor of safety against sliding = 1.5
Minimum factor of safety against uplift = 1.10 for empty cond.
Foundations for vertical = 1.20 for operating cond.
vessel on stacks stability
criteria against overturn-
12.9 Co-efficient of Friction An uplift (buoyancy) check shall be performed on any struc-
ing?? ture that may be within the water table in the empty condi-
The friction coefficients to be used shall be as follows, tion
Steel on concrete = 0.6 (As per PIP STC01015)

Concrete on soil = 0.4(As per clause no:9 of geotechnical
Interpretative report)
12.10 Pipe sleepers
All grade level pipes are supported on concrete pipe sleepers inside / outside the plant.
12.11 Liquid Retaining /Storage Reinforced Cement Concrete Structures
Design of liquid retaining structures and its special requirements shall be as per BSI BS EN 1992-3 or
equivalent American code ACI 350.
All liquid retaining / storage structure shall be designed assuming liquid up to the full height of wall
irrespective of provision of any over flow arrangement.
12.12 Grades of Concrete Give code reference
Table 12.12 Table of Concrete Grade
Types of Minimum Max. size Maximum Minimum Application

concrete design of water / cementitious
or cylinder aggregate cement ratio in
Nominal grade strength (mm) Ratio Kg/m3
of concrete (28 days) in (By
N/mm2 ** Weight)
Piles, pile cap &
C40 32 20 0.40 380
Deeper depth Pits
Substructure,
Anchor blocks &
C35 28 20 0.40 380 Raft ,shallow
depth Pits, Blast
resistant building
General,
C30 24 20 0.40 380
Foundations,
C25 20 20 0.40 380 *
C10 8 10 0.50 380 Leveling concrete
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ARCHITECTURAL EBED
* Foundations for stairs, ladders, steps, walkways, small-size pipe supports, fences, concrete
channels/ ditches, etc.
** The minimum concrete strength as determined by 28-days cylinder test to ASTM C192/C192M.
12.13 Materials
1) Cement:
Ordinary Portland cement conforming to ASTM C150/C150M or equivalent shall be used for all
Superstructure Concrete works. Sulphate-resisting Cement conforming to SASO 570 OR BIS IS 12330
shall be used for all parts of the structure below the FGL (Finished grade level) and up to top of grout
for the pedestal.
2) Aggregates:
Aggregate shall meet the following limits on chloride and sulphate content.
Fine aggregate = 0.1% by weight of dry material
Coarse aggregate = 0.03% by weight of dry material
Concrete mix = 0.35% by weight of cement
Sulphate content = 0.5% by weight of fine aggregate and by weight
of coarse aggregate.
Fine aggregate shall be clean double washed marine sand.
This clause shall be read in conjunction with clause 3.3 of general specifications for Civil Works (Doc
no.: 327101-C-SPC-0001). supply the document for review
3) Water
Mixing water and water used shall be potable or otherwise tested for suitability in accordance with BSI
BS EN 1008 or equivalent. add :Water for mixing and curing shall be obtained from a source approved by the COMPANY
ASTM C94 / C94M.
and shall be clean and free of acids, oils, vegetable, and deleterious matter which may have an
4) Reinforcement effect on the strength, durability, and appearance of the hardened concrete.
Reinforcing steel bars for general concrete work shall be high-yield deformed bars conforming to BSI
BS 4449 Grade 460 or ASTM A615 Grade 60.
Reinforcement steel bars shall be Fusion Bonded Epoxy (FBE) coated hot rolled high tensile deformed
bars with minimum yield strength of 422 MPa conforming to SASO SSA 2. Welded Wire Fabric shall
conform to SASO SSA 224, (Cold Drawn) wire with minimum yield strength of 422 MPa (60 ksi)
5) Concrete protection materials
Refer to project specification for Civil & Structural Works and foundation layout drawings
6) Admixtures and additives

Admixtures / Additives shall be compatible with the cement. It shall have no adverse effect on the
durability, shrinkage and water tightness properties of finished concrete.
Plasticising (Water-Reducing) and Retarding Admixtures:
 Plasticising and retarding admixtures shall be in accordance with ASTM C494/C494M Type D or
BS 5075. Superseded, Withdrawn .check
 The admixture shall not affect long-term strength of the concrete.
 User to be aware that such admixture may increase the time for adequate curing and protection.
Plasticizer Admixtures (Accelerating, Workability) :
All admixtures shall be compatible with the cement to be used and contain less than 0.05% chlorides
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ARCHITECTURAL EBED
 Plasticizer admixtures shall be in accordance with ASTM C494/C494M Type F and ASTM C1017,
Type 1 or BS EN 934-2, BS EN 934-6, BS 5075. Superseded, Withdrawn
 Hydroxy-Carboxylic acid based plasticizers may be used, subject to site tests and COMPANY
Minimum approval. Accelerating admixtures, corrosion inhibiting admixtures and air entraining admixtures shall not be used.
12.14 Concrete Cover to Reinforcement

Provide code section reference, i.e exmaple Sec-
Below ground (where no contact with water) = 75 mm tion 7.7, of ACI 318-08 (Typical comment)
Below ground (where contact with water) = 75 mm

Above grade concrete exposed to weathering
 Bar dia ≤ 55mm = 50 mm

 Bar dia ≤ 16 mm = 40 mm
Above grade concrete not exposed to weathering
 Beams and columns not exposed to weather/water= 40mm

Slabs and walls not exposed to weather/water
 Bar dia 55mm and 45mm = 40 mm
 Bar dia ≤ 35 mm = 25 mm add section for Crack width control??
12.15 Storage Tank Foundation

Storage tank foundations shall be designed in accordance with codes (API 650) and standards.
In general storage tank foundation shall be constructed as per the Geotechnical recommendations for
tank foundation. Tank foundation system shall be decided and designed based on the specific soil
condition within tank farm area (where all tanks are located within dyke) considering the safety of
foundation with respect to soil shear failure and the allowable settlement at the periphery & at the
center.
The various types of tank foundations which are generally used as follows:
 Tank pad foundation with gravel ring foundation (Flexible type foundation)
 Tank pad foundation with Reinforced concrete ring beam (Flexible type foundation)
 Pile & pile cap foundation
 Reinforced concrete slab foundation
 The top of tank pad/foundation level shall be as per piping requirements.
13. CIVIL DESIGN CRITERIA
13.1 Site preparation Philosophy

 Plant Finished Ground Level (FGL) of the area shall be kept above design high flood level or
design high tide level as far as possible.
 Grading / grade levels of all terrace shall be prepared in such a way that (1) outside water should
not be enter in to plant and (2) Non – contaminated storm/fire water of plant shall be drain-off by
gravity or lifting pumps to outside of plant boundary i.e. no back flow or no water stagnant in
plant.
 Proposed plant areas for grading shall be divided into a number of sub-areas and the limit of
such sub areas shall be normally by roads. The elevation shall be calculated using the triangles
system, the vertexes of triangles shall be the elevation points taken from topographic survey and
the side shall be the distance between elevation points.
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ARCHITECTURAL EBED
 Plant site shall be terraced and graded towards the low line area or / and allow direct drainage
to outside of plant boundary or nearby existing sea based on high tide level or as per process
department drainage disposal philosophy. Also while fixing the finished ground level
due consideration shall be given to balance cut and fill in the plant. In hilly terrain, plant shall be
accommodated by providing steps in grading.
13.2 Site Preparation

The site preparation activities include clearing and grubbing, stripping, and general site grading.
Disposal areas and transportation requirement shall be as per the contract documents. Only approved
filling material shall be used for filling and proper compaction shall be done.
Cleaning all existing vegetation, root stumps, rubbish, debris, existing foundations and all structures
from the plant site area and from all areas designated for cut and fill.
Exception to the (20-30) cm, depth for grubbing is as follows for the specified work areas shown below:
 Road way areas shall be grubbed to a depth of (90cm) below finished grade but not more than
(60 cm) below natural grade.
 Areas directly under tankage shall be grubbed to a depth of (60 cm) below the tank bottom but
not less than 20 cm below natural grade over the entire tank bottom.
 Areas under earth dikes for tankage and pit areas around tankage shall be grubbed to a depth
of (60 cm) below finished grade but not more than (20cm) below natural grade.
 Areas for piping between process unit area limits and ditches, and along roads, shall be grubbed
to a depth of (60 cm) below finished grade but not more than (20 cm) below natural grade.
13.3 Slopes in Graded Areas Provide code reference with Section
 General site grading shall be 1 in 500 to 1 in 1000

 Grading in Tank farms areas shall be 1 in 100 to 1 in 300
 Micro grading: after completion of major construction, micro grading shall be 1 in 200
13.4 Earth Slopes Provide code reference with Section
Earth Slopes (Horizontal: Vertical) used for design shall be no steeper than.
Table 13.4 Table of Earth Slope
Description Slopes
Plant site road embankments (up to 2m high) 3H:1V
Ditches inside of plant area 3H:1V
Tank bund wall 3H:2V
Water Ponds ( Above ground ) 3H:1V
( Below ground ) 1.5H:1V
In certain areas, slopes different than those indicated above may be used. This will be dependent upon
specific evaluations and conditions revealed as the actual works progress.
13.5 Site Roads
13.5.1. Asphalt or Concrete Surfacing Road Provide code reference with Section
Road grades shall be designed limited to a maximum of 5% for primary roads and 8% for others. Lesser
grades shall be used whenever possible. Ramp grades to buildings or access driveways to storage
and parking areas shall in no case exceed 10%.
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ARCHITECTURAL EBED
Type of Road:
1. The plant access roadways (Main heavy duty road, road Type 1) shall be 8m wide wearing surface
(2x4m traffic lanes) plus two shoulders 2m wide.
2. Main heavy duty road (road Type 1) same as for Road Type 1 except that the 8.0m wearing surface
splits into 2 - 4.0 m wearing surfaces with each section having two 1.5m wide shoulders.
3. Main light duty road (road Type 2) shall be 6m wide wearing surface (2x3m wide traffic lanes) plus
two shoulders 1m wide.
4. Patrol or security road (road Type 3) shall consist of a 4 m wide wearing surface without shoulders.
The roads listed below shall be of the heavy-duty type:
1. Main roads on site and all roads in and around processing units.
2. Roads to and around main buildings and loading facilities.
add:
3. Main access roads to the site Plant road design speed??
Crash Barriers??
Light-duty roads comprise all other roads on site except:
1. Patrol or security roads: Patrol roads shall be designed to accommodate vehicles with a maximum
weight of 5 tons under all weather conditions. Patrol roads shall be paved with a flexible type.
Minimum radii of inside edge of paving or surfacing for 90° intersections shall be as follows:
 Junction of roads type 1,1A & type 2 with main highway: minimum radii of 15 m
 Road Type 1, 2 & 3 : 10m
 For crosses of roads of unequal width, the narrower road shall determine the radius of the
curvature.
 Road sections shall be a minimum 2.0% crown slope. Turning radii shall be designed according
to designated vehicle, but not less than 10m for road type 1, 2 & 3.
13.5.2. Horizontal and Vertical Clearances
At roads without raised curbs, a horizontal clearance of 1.0m shall be maintained between the edge of
the shoulder and any structure projecting above grade adjacent to the shoulder. The minimum
horizontal clearance for guard rails and traffic signs shall be 0.5m.
At roads with raised curbs, the minimum horizontal clearance shall be 0.6m from the face of the curb.
Vertical clearances shall be from the crown or high point of the roads.
13.5.3. Elevation of Roads
Elevation (referred to the crown of wearing course layer) of all roads shall be minimum 250mm higher
than the finished ground level. Roads adjacent to rails shall be at the same elevation as the top of rails.
13.5.4. Curbs
Curbs shall be provided in areas where accidental spillages of hydrocarbon products or chemicals are
expected.
13.5.5. Slopes Anti Erosion Treatment
Anti-erosion treatment shall be carried out for all side slopes of roads, by spraying of 50% bitumen
emulsion on the surface at a rate of 2 liters/Sq.m.
_________________________________________________________________________________
ARCHITECTURAL EBED
13.5.6. Road Drainage Provide code reference with Section
The drainage of roads comprises surface runoff and sub-surface drainage systems.
 Surface drainage
Road surfaces shall have a minimum cross slope of 1:50 (2%) to provide proper drainage under all
weather conditions. Ditches and collectors along the roads shall form an integral part of the surface
drainage system of the site.
Open ditches and channels, where required along roads in plant areas, shall be concrete-lined and
peripheral drainage channels shall be lined with minimum 100 to 150 mm thick stone pitching( Suitable
locally available stones or other material can be used for lining). The need for lining of ditches and
channels along other roads depends on the probability of spillages and erosion sensitivity of the soil.
 Road crossings at drainage systems
If roads block natural drainage, the natural drainage shall be restored by means of culverts, ditches or
rerouting water courses.
Surface course and base thickness shall be determined as required for service roads and the main
plant roads. Sub-grade material thickness as required shall consist of common fill recommended by
the geotechnical engineer.
Construction roads and crane pads shall be designed for the anticipated wheel loads.
13.6 Cement Concrete Paving

13.6.1. Definitions Provide code reference with Section
 Light-duty paving
Light duty paving shall be used in areas not subjected to vehicle traffic, or occasionally subjected to
transit of light movable equipment with maximum axial load equal to 10kN.
Concrete slab shall be of uniform thickness of 100 mm and shall be designed to withstand a maximum
axle load of 10kN plus impact of 25%. Reinforcement consists of single welded wire mesh.
 Medium-duty paving
Medium duty paving is provided for areas subjected to light and medium traffic and to transit of
maintenance vehicles.
Concrete slab shall be 150 mm thickness with thicken edges and designed to withstand a maximum
load of 60kN per axle Plus impact of 25%. Reinforcement consists of double welded wire mesh.
 Heavy-duty paving
Heavy-duty paving is provided for areas subjected to heavy vehicle traffic. Paving shall be designed to
withstand a maximum load per axle of 120kN (4-tyres) plus impact of 25%concrete heavy-duty paving
shall be 200mm thickness in central area and 300 mm along the edges. Reinforcement consists of
double welded wire mesh.
_________________________________________________________________________________
ARCHITECTURAL EBED
13.6.2. General Design Requirements
This section describes the minimum requirements for paved areas, e.g.:
1. Process Areas
2. Material lay down yards
3. Cleaning yards
4. Loading Areas
5. Piping manifold area
6. Parking areas
7. Parts of on-plot pipe racks or pipe tracks which contain flanged connections, valves or sampling
points (i.e., possible leakage points).
Paving is generally limited to those parts of a site where spillage of chemicals or hydrocarbons from
operations and maintenance cannot be excluded, or where loads other than personnel on foot shall be
accommodated.
 A polyethylene sheet (0.4mm thickness) shall be provided between sub-base and paving.
 Curbs, where required to retain spilled material, shall generally be 200mm High x150 mm thick
(minimum size) reinforced concrete, cast integrally with the paving.
 Concrete paving may support minor equipment (small pumps, staircase, light skid mounted
packages & etc) provided that the local strengthening results in max 10 kN/ sq.m soil pressure.
 Concrete paved areas shall be parted into rectangular sections limited by contraction joints.
These joints shall not be more than 16 to 20 m (preferable 18 m) apart and shall extend to the
full depth of concrete paving. Contraction joints shall be 15 mm width and shall be filled with hot
bitumen or with suitable material hydrocarbon resistant. Lower part of joint shall be filled with
polystyrene or with suitable non-extruding material.
 In corresponding of contraction joints shall be foreseen dowel bars for transferring at least 20 %
of the load across the joint. Generally these dowel bars consist of smooth steel bar 20mm
diameter, 500 mm long at a spacing of 500 mm C/C. Half dowel bar shall be oiled to prevent
bond between two sections of reinforced concrete slab.
 Construction joints shall not be more than 4. 5 m apart and shall extent to the full depth of
concrete paving. Construction joints shall be 6 mm width and shall be filled with hot bitumen or
with suitable material hydrocarbon resistant. Lower part of joint shall be filled with polystyrene or
with suitable non-extruding material.
 Control joints shall not be more than 6 m apart. They shall be 6 mm wide and 10 mm deep filled
with suitable material non-extruding. The cut in concrete shall be made after casting.
 Isolation joints shall be foreseen between paving and foundations projecting above grade.
 Paving shall have a minimum slope of 1:100 for storm water drainage.
 Underneath soil of pavement shall be compacted as per 95 % maximum dry density as per ASTM
D 1557 prior to concreting.
 Concrete slabs shall be in accordance with project specification. Doc.number??
_________________________________________________________________________________
ARCHITECTURAL EBED
13.7 Surfacing of Unpaved Areas

This section describes minimum technical requirements for the surfacing of those areas within the
perimeter fence, which do not require paving.
Unpaved areas are generally limited to those parts of a site where no hydrocarbon spill is expected.
Examples of these areas are:
1. Flare and liquid burner areas, except the plots where equipment is located.
2. Administration building and other landscaped areas.
3. Off-battery areas which are not used (future construction, safety zones, etc.).
4. Tank pits excluding areas around (and underneath) pressurized gas storage which shall be paved.
5. Off-battery pipe racks and pipe tracks which contain no flanged connections, valves or sample
points (i.e.: no leakage)
13.7.1. Functional Requirement
Surfacing of unpaved areas shall
1. Prevent soil erosion by wind and water

2. Be able to support personnel on foot and light vehicles
3. Keep the subject area clear of undesirable vegetation
13.7.2. Design
The surfacing shall be durable and have minimal maintenance requirements. In the case of a fire, the
surfacing shall be inert or self-extinguishing. The surfacing shall prevent the ground water from
becoming polluted. If necessary, a drainage system shall be installed.
add:
Unpaved areas may be classified into two categories: Where regular or significant hydrocarbon or chemical spills
are expected, a dedicated localized drainage system shall
be provided. The effluents shall be collected in sealed and
1. Low-fire hazard, e.g.:
vented local pits to be evacuated by vacuum trucks.
 unused off-plot areas
 Off-plot pipe racks and pipe tracks which contain no flanged connections
add: neutral zone between fences
2. Fire hazard, e.g.:
 flare and open fire areas
 off-plot pipe racks and pipe tracks which do contain flanged connections, valves or sampling
points, e.g. manifoldsareas around processing units.??
In all outside battery limit areas within the perimeter of the plant boundary road inert material, e.g.
gravel, is required in a layer thickness of at least 100mm. Measures shall be taken to minimize growth
of vegetation.
Outside battery limit, if required, areas not covered above shall preferably be covered with concrete
tiles.
For protection from windblown sand on areas not covered above, a dust retardant material shall be
sprayed on the sand in accordance with project specification.
_________________________________________________________________________________
ARCHITECTURAL EBED
13.7.3. Materials
Inert materials in above Section 2 of 13.7.2 shall be durable under local conditions. Sound rock, coarse
gravel and sand-cement mixes are acceptable materials.
13.8 Drainage
13.8.1. General
Storm drainage systems shall be designed to properly drain all surface and subsurface water that can
cause damage to the facilities, property and adjoining land.
Surface water drainage (such as non-contaminated, contaminated storm water, wash water & fire
water drainage, etc) at the plant site shall be collected by ditches (non-contaminated water) as well as
underground piping (contaminated water).
Non-contaminated water shall be discharged outside of plant boundary at near existing water body as
per process drainage philosophy document no: 327101-P-PHS-0001. Contaminated water shall be
discharged through an oil/water separation system to an ETP (Effluent Treatment Plant). Lift station
shall be considered as per drainage and effluent philosophy when surface water (i.e. non-contaminate
or contaminated water) drainage cannot be discharged by gravity flow.
The philosophy of planning and design of surface water drainage systems: The entire area to be
drained shall be divided into number of drainage zones based on topography and levels of the area.
Area and discharge calculation shall be done based on catch basin area or c/c (center to center) of
roads and shall be listed in design flow diagram. Ditch type shall be selected based on location and
discharge requirements.
This clause shall be read in conjunction with philosophy for drainage, document no- 327101-P-PHS-
0001 and Loss Prevention Philosophy no 327101-S-PHS-0001, Design Basis document no.: 327101-
S-BOD-0001
13.8.2. Drainage System
The type of drainage are,
 Non contaminated sewer system;

 Oily water sewer system (Contaminated storm water system);
 Closed drain system ;
 Chemical sewer system;
 Domestic sewer system.
13.8.2.1.Non Contaminated Sewer System
This system collects:
 Rainwater runoff from roads, car parks, roofs of buildings (except in Process/Utilities areas),
rainwater and firewater from areas normally not subject to contamination (hydrocarbon or
chemical).
 Non contaminated process water effluents from Process/Utilities areas, such as:
o Process units: wash down from non-oily equipment
o Utilities areas: wash down from non-oily equipment
o Fresh water drains (storm water ditches within utility area )
_________________________________________________________________________________
ARCHITECTURAL EBED
13.8.2.2.Contaminated Storm Water System or AOC (Accidentally oil contaminated)
This system collects water which may be polluted by hydrocarbon products, such as:
 Rain and/or fire water in Process/Utilities areas;
 Wash down of paved areas;
 Water from roofs of buildings in Process/Utilities areas;
 Purges and open drains from equipment in Process/Utilities areas;
 Accidental spillage associated to specific equipment(contained by kerbed areas);
 Water from oily tanks (crude, finished products, surge) bunded areas (in case of pollution).
This system shall also collect rainwater run-off, firewater or wash down from kerbed areas in Process
and Utilities areas. Water shall be collected in a drain system (RC trenches with precast concrete
cover) and sent to the sums / oily water separator system and fresh / treated water transfer to outside
of plant boundary by gravity.
If specifically required by project specifications, continuously contaminated water may be routed in a

separate system. It shall be routed by piping department as per process department philosophy.
13.8.2.3.Closed Drain Systems
When adopted for process requirements, closed systems may collect hydrocarbon effluents to be
routed to a closed drain drum. Pipe shall be routed by piping department as per process department
philosophy.
13.8.2.4.Chemical Sewer Systems
These systems collect chemical wastes, which require treatment or neutralization before discharging
into non contaminated sewer system.
13.8.2.5.Domestic Sewer Systems
The domestic sewer system collects all domestic wastes from the plant buildings, including foul and
kitchen wastes. Kitchen wastes shall pass through a grease interceptor before entry into the sewer
system. Wastes from toilet areas shall be collected in a manhole / tank located immediately outside
each building. Disposal philosophy of domestic sewer shall be as per process disposal philosophy.
13.8.3. Drainage of Specific Equipment or Area
13.8.3.1.Transformer Bays
Transformer foundations shall be filled with gravel to collect oil in case of rupture. Foundation shall be
connected to a collecting pit sized to contain the volume discharging from the largest transformer.
13.8.3.2.Building Drainage
During detailed engineering, rain water drainage around the buildings should be given due
consideration after study of rain water pipes location of each building. The rain water from roof drainage
should smoothly flow out to the properly laid out ditches and disposed to outside plant via evaporation
pond.
Drainage water from substation & control room buildings should not cross over reinforced concrete
cable trenches and should be intercepted before this cross over. Ditches crossing the access ways
should be covered with gratings if required to intercept water. Otherwise, culverts could be provided
for crossing such points.
_________________________________________________________________________________
ARCHITECTURAL EBED
13.8.3.3.Laboratory
Sinks and drains from laboratory shall be connected to a local neutralization pit or system. Then
neutralization effluents are collected to the non-contaminated sewer system.
13.8.4. Definitions of drainage network
The following definitions shall be used:

 Headers are sewer lines connecting manhole to manhole and carrying combined effluents from
collectors and/or sub-collectors;
 Collectors are sewer lines collecting the effluent from two or more sub-collectors discharging to
manholes on mains;
 Sub-collectors are sewer branches collecting effluent from individual inlets such as drains and
catch basins;
 Drains are small sewer inlets/interconnections (such as an open end pipe or fitting) discharging
through a sealed connection to the sewer system from discrete sources, such as pump bases,
equipment drips, low points of floors, but not from outside surface drainage;
 Open channel floor or pavement drains are continuous troughs or trenches collecting surface
drainage discharging to the sewer system;
 Catch basins are used to collect surface drainage and process wastes individual drainage areas
and to trap sediments at the point nearest of the source;
 Catchment Area served for water system by receiving storm water or fire water integral sediment
trap;
 Manholes are used in sewers as junction points and sediment traps and to provide access for
maintenance and inspection;
 Seals (minimum 150 mm hydraulic) are used to prevent vapor emission out of inlets and to isolate
the various parts of a sewer system preventing vapor travel and spread of fire or explosion;
 Kerbed areas are with raised curbs which control spillage and drainage of storm, process and
fire water;
 Vents are pipes open to the atmosphere to prevent blowing of seals by pressure buildup.
 Chemical sewer: Collects acid, caustic or other chemical waste which shall be neutralized or
treated before discharge to industrial sewer.
 Combined sewer: Common sewer system collecting both process oily water and storm water.
 Contaminated water: Storm water that has come into contact with any raw material,
intermediate / finished / by-product or waste product.
 Clean out: Piping connection in sewer system located at grade level for inspecting or cleaning
the system.
 Drain hub/funnel: An opening in pipe connection in sewer system located at grade level to
collect drips or discharge from pump bases, piping, sample draw of point & equipment drain.
Sub-lateral connect drain hub to sealed connection in manhole. It is fitted with conical inlet with
narrow pipe outlet.
 Laterals: Drains collecting waste water from two or more drain hubs & discharging into main
header.
 Oily water: Waste water generated during industrial process that contains oil, emulsified oil or
other hydrocarbon. Accidentally Contaminated water collected during rainfall situation or
emergency fire situation.
_________________________________________________________________________________
ARCHITECTURAL EBED
13.8.5. Design Parameter for Drainage Network
13.8.5.1.Rainfall Data
Design rainfall intensity is 40 mm / hr. (peak) (COMPANY to confirm). 100mm/day, 25mm maximum in 1 hr (HOLD)
13.8.5.2.Firewater Data
The fire water data (fire water discharge or flow rate) shall be in accordance with Loss Prevention
Philosophy and Design Basis, doc. No 327101-S-PHS-0001 & 327101-S-BOD-0001 respectively.
13.8.5.3.Chemical Flow Data
The chemical flow data shall be in accordance with Process department input. The chemical flow will
be expected from reverse osmosis (R.O.) plant area, demin water area & waste water treatment area,
chemical injection area, water intake area, etc.
13.8.5.4.Domestic Design Flow
The domestic design flow shall be in accordance with Section 13.10.2 of this document and uniform
plumbing code.
13.8.5.5.Rainwater Flow
Rainwater flow shall be estimated, using the “Rational Formula”
Q = C i A / 1000
Where,
Q = Rain water flow in m³/hour

i = Design rainfall intensity in mm/hour
A = Surface of area to be drained in m²
C = Weighted run-off coefficient
Provide code & section reference for any

13.8.5.6.Runoff Coefficient C value present in this document
The following elementary run off coefficients shall be used:

Asphalt or concrete paving = 1.00
provide Runoff coefficients for
Roof of buildings = 1.00 1. Slope and irregularity of the catchment
Roads and shoulders = 0.90 2. Type and permeability of the catchment soils
Graveled areas = 0.35 or materials of construction
3. Degree of soil saturation
Non surfaced areas = 0.30 4. Type and extent of vegetation present in the
Natural soil = 0.30 catchment
Bund wall with seepage prevention = 0.90 5. clay soils
Tank roof = 1.00 6. Macadamized (Sprayed) roadways
7. sandy soils
13.8.5.7.Rainfall Intensity
The rainfall intensity shall be as per above clause no: 13.8.5.1.
Add section for Time of Correction
_________________________________________________________________________________
ARCHITECTURAL EBED
13.8.5.8.Design Flow
The design flow shall be the maximum of the two following values:
Qr + Qp and Qf + Qp
Where:
Qr = rainwater flow;
Qf = firefighting/cooling water flow;
Qp = process flow to be eventually added in the network (Flow as per Process input)
13.8.5.9.Hydraulic Design add design criteria
Open drainage channel capacity sizing formula??
Ditches or Open Channels:
 Storm water flow from plant and non-plant sites shall be drained to outside of plant boundary via
open ditches or lift stations.
 Open ditches shall be used for non-contaminated storm water drainage and shall be rectangular
or trapezoidal section and shall be lined by reinforce concrete lining or stone pitching.
 Portions of the site not occupied by buildings or structures shall have adequate continuous slopes
to drain toward drainage swales, and roadway ditches or acceptable collecting ponds to minimize
environmental upset.
 For ditches located parallel to plant roads, the maximum water surface elevation shall be at least
100 mm lower than the bottom of road sub-base.
 The maximum velocity shall be limited to 2.4 m/s and minimum velocity shall be limited 0.6m/s.
 Ditches shall be designed as per project specification of sewer and drainage system.
13.8.6. Culverts
 Culverts shall be provided under roads and whenever the natural drainage pattern is interrupted.
Culvert sizing shall be as per criteria below based on regional hydrologic data.
(a) Minimum diameter of culverts shall be 300mm (12”)
(b) Culvert alignment shall be in the direction of storm flow and as nearly perpendicular to
roads or obstructions as possible.
 Suitable upstream/downstream channel protection, such as pavement, riprap, channeling, and,
in extreme cases, energy dissipation, shall be provided below the culvert outlet where necessary.
 In addition of above culvert ditches shall be designed as per project technical specification for
sewer and drainage system.
add Sizing Criteria for Underground Pipe
13.8.7. Catch Basins, Manholes and Vents Systems
13.8.7.1.Catch Basins
 One catch basin shall be provided for each 300m² of paved area and 600 m² in unpaved area (in
Process/Utilities areas). For storage tanks, only one catch basin or sand trap shall be provided
per each sub-divided dyke area / dyke area.
 Catch basins shall discharge into manholes. No more than two catch basins shall be placed in
series.
 Catch basins shall not be installed directly beneath equipment, pipe (t) racks, stairways and
ladders.
 Maximum surface runoff travel distance to catch basin shall be 20 m.
 Catch basins shall be installed flush with low point of paving drained area.
 Final grading or paving slope to catch basin shall not be less than 1/100.
_________________________________________________________________________________
ARCHITECTURAL EBED
 Minimum size of outlet pipe shall be 8”.
13.8.7.2.Manholes
Manholes are required at the following locations: Provide code reference with Section
 At any change in direction, diameter or slope of any pipe and at dead end of main sewer;
 At maximum intervals of 40 m for pipes with diameter < 250mm, 50 m for pipes with diameter ≥
250mm and 100 m for pipes with diameter > or = to 500mm;
 At exit of each process unit (in this case, a double compartment manhole shall be considered);
 For oily and chemical sewer systems, all inlet pipes in a single compartment manhole shall be
with a submerged connection, which provides a hydraulic seal of minimum 150mm in order to
avoid propagation of fire and/or gas.
 In Process/Utilities areas, cover of manholes shall be sealed.
 Line from dry catch basin shall be sealed at the nearest catch basin or manhole.
 A 3” pipe shall vent all manholes with water seal.
13.8.7.3.Vents
 In Process / Utilities/ Building areas, vents shall be provided in each manhole. Vent size shall be
3“
 On double compartment manholes, vents shall be provided each side of the baffle.
 For manhole with sealed submerged inlet connection, vents shall be provided in the considered
manhole and in the next upstream manhole.
 Highest manhole or point in each individual drainage section shall be provided with a vent.
 Vent shall terminate 3 m above grade, 2.5 m above any operating platform within a 3 m radius
and 2.4 m above a pipe way in process areas.
 Vent shall not terminate within 8 m of electrical substations or inlets to a pressurized building and
within 15 m horizontally of source of ignition.
 Vent shall free drain back to the manhole.
13.8.8. Materials
 Ditches: Concrete lining.

 Pipes: Carbon steel pipe for non-contaminated / contaminated sewer system.
 Chemical sewer: To be selected based on the effluent characteristics.
 Domestic sewer: PVC
 Manholes catch basins: Concrete, preferably precast in accordance with project Standard
drawings.
13.8.9. Cleanup Trenches / Process Drains
 Equipment pad curbs and local drains will be used to collect pits and wash down water in the
process areas. Drains will discharge into sumps from which pumps will pump the drainage to the
contaminated water tank.
 Floor drains from process buildings will also be collected by pipes into sumps and will be pumped
to the contaminated water tank.
 No untreated drainage from the plant site shall be discharged to the environment.
_________________________________________________________________________________
ARCHITECTURAL EBED
13.9 Plant Potable Water Systems

 Distribution will generally consist of underground piping; some piping will be on the pipe racks in
the process areas.
 Water treatment systems design shall comply with requirements of World Health Organization
(WHO) Drinking WATER Quality Guidelines.
 Unless noted otherwise, a minimum of 600 mm vertical clearance and 1,200 mm horizontal
clearance shall be provided if sanitary or process sewers are installed parallel to a potable water
line.
 Unless noted otherwise, where a potable water line crosses a sanitary or process sewer line, one
segment of the potable water line pipe shall be centered over the sanitary or process sewer line
such that the joints of the potable water line pipe are equidistant and at least 2.7 m horizontally
from the sanitary or process sewer line. The potable water line shall cross at least 600 mm above
the sanitary or process sewer line.
13.10 Sanitary Sewer Systems

13.10.1. Philosophy
formatting to be corrected (typ)
The system will be designed on the basis of the required population during the subsequent operations.
These parameters shall be defined in other project documents.
The sanitary sewage system shall collect waste from toilet facilities provided in various plant and non-
plant buildings and shall be collected in a man hole/ tank located immediately outside each building or
combine 1 or 2 buildings depend on permanent occupancy. Disposal of domestic sewer shall be as
per process disposal philosophy.
Acids, caustics, hydrocarbons, rain-water or other chemical wastes shall not be discharged into this
system. The sanitary sewer lines should be routed so that they don’t cross potable water lines.
13.10.2. Estimation of Sanitary Sewage
The consideration shall be given in estimating the rate of flow to the following factors:
 the number of persons to be served,
 average daily consumption of water per head,
 Any exceptional peak discharge due to simultaneous use of fittings in buildings.
The sewer shall be sized on basis of design flow rate of 150 liters per capita per days (COMPANY to
confirm). contractor to provide the reference and provide the values that are considered here.
considering the no of people in the admin building, control rooms & security guards etc
major consumption of domestic would be washroom, kitchen, shower & mosque etc
13.10.3. Sewer Design
From the consideration of ventilation in waste water flow, sewer shall be designed to run half full up to
400 mm dia. and two-third full from 400 mm dia. to 900 mm dia. and three-fourth full for dia. Larger
than 900 mm at ultimate peak flow.
Velocity: The sanitary sewer lines shall be designed for a minimum velocity of 0.9 m/s and a maximum
velocity of 2.1 m/s.
Provide code reference with Section
Minimum size of pipe: Minimum diameter of sewer shall be 150mm for one toilet block and 250 mm for
two toilet blocks.
Material for the sewer shall be Reinforced cement concrete or PVC (Polyvinyl chloride) for the sewer
between manholes and to the sewage treatment plant. Cast iron pipes shall be used from the valve
chambers to first manholes.
_________________________________________________________________________________
ARCHITECTURAL EBED
Minimum cover over pipes: Minimum cover over pipe shall be 600 mm in non- vehicular movement
area and 1200 mm at road crossings and in paved areas where vehicular movement is expected.
13.10.4. Manholes Provide code reference with Section
Manhole spacing shall be decided based on the sewer pipe size. For sewer diameter Up to 300 mm
maximum spacing of manholes shall be 30 m. For sewer diameter above 300 mm and up to 500 mm
maximum spacing of manholes shall be 45 m. For sewer diameter above 550 mm and up to 900 mm
the maximum spacing of manholes shall be 60 m. For sewer diameter more than 900 mm shall be
depending upon local conditions.
Apart from the manholes on straight reaches, additional manholes shall be considered at start of
sewers, junction of sewers, change in direction of sewers, change in gradient or invert level of sewers,
change in size of sewers and dead end on sewers.
Manholes on domestic sewer system shall be equipped with holed cover (for ventilation). No stagnation
of effluent shall be permitted in the corresponding manholes, which shall be benched with mortar or
lean concrete. The benching shall rise vertically from the channel piece to a height of the soffit of the
sewer and slope up to the edge of the manhole at 1 (vertical): 30 (horizontal). In paved areas, top of
manholes shall be installed flush with the finished surface. In other areas, top of manholes shall be
approximate 50 mm above grade.
13.11 Waste disposal

Refer process drainage philosophy, document no- 327101-P-PHS-0001.
13.12 Underground pipe sleeves

Pipeline sleeves shall be provided only as follows:
(a) When required for mechanical protection due to high loads.

(b) Allow construction of the pipeline without disturbing roadway traffic.
(c) For specified maintenance purposes such as pipeline rotation or replacement.
(d) Provide physical protection to the pipeline
(e) Carry any leaked fluid away from the crossing location.
The sleeves shall be galvanized corrugated metal pipe, or uncoated thick wall carbon steel line pipe
and shall be capable of withstanding specific vehicular and dead loads to which they may be subjected.
Sleeves must conform to minimum wall thickness requirements as per codes & must carry all imposed
loads within acceptable deformation limits to ensure that the sleeve never contacts the pipeline.
13.13 Anchor blocks

Anchor blocks shall be designed as per pipeline department load input and geotechnical
recommendation for soil parameters.
_________________________________________________________________________________
ARCHITECTURAL EBED
13.14 Fencing and gate

13.14.1. Fence
A system of fences and gates shall be erected close to and entirely within the site limits.
Fence shall be designed to be strong, durable and anticorrosive, good in appearance and economical.
Fencing design shall generally comply with BS 1722 Part 1/10 or equivalent Iraqi code ‘Anti intruder
chain link fences’. Animal fencing beside roads is generally to BS 1722 Part 2 or equivalent Iraqi code.
13.14.2. Gate
Gates shall be provided to satisfy operational requirements. However the number of gates provided to
meet these requirements shall be kept minimum. The type of gates shall be demountable and fixed.
The fixed types are preferred for the permanent facilities. And in other places, demountable type may
be used. However the type of gates shall be provided as per the client requirement.
Gates shall be integral part of the fence and shall be of a similar design with respect to height and
strength etc.
Emergency gates shall be provided based on Loss prevention / HSE philosophy.

13.15 Cable Trenches
This section is limited to civil engineering minimum requirements only.
 Cable trenches shall be filled with graded, non-angular, well-draining, compacted sand free of
sharp particles. Salty sand shall not be used.
 In unpaved areas, cables shall be shielded by cable tiles at a depth of at least 350mm below final
grade.
 Cable trenches in paved areas shall be provided in accordance with project standard drawings.
Concrete covers shall be provided to all trenches in paved areas, so that these trenches remain
accessible, unless advised to the contrary, by Company / Client.
 If trenches in paved areas need not remain accessible, the permanent paving should be
The bottom of trenches
continuous.
should preferably be
above the permanent  The location of trenches shall be clearly indicated on the surface, by color code or other
ground water table. distinguishable feature in the concrete in paved areas and by signs in unpaved areas.
 Minimum distance between instrument and electrical trenches shall be 0.6 meter.
 Electrical trenches shall be lower than instrument trenches at crossing of each other.
 Walls, bottom slab & top cover for trenches shall be designed to withstand adjacent paving
loading.
 Typical cross sections and details are shown on project standard drawings.
13.16 Cable Duct Bank

All electrical, telecom and instrument cables passing below roads will be in cable duct banks. Size and
spacing of duct banks shall be determined by electrical/instrument/telecom requirements.
14. ARCHITECTURAL/BUILDING DESIGN BASIS
Building & Shelters work shall be in accordance with Building specification no: 327101-C-SPC- 0002.
Building & Shelters description refers building floor plans drawings.
Buildings & Shelters list for this project are listed in Plot plan Doc no. 327101-L-PLP-0001.
refer comments on cover

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327101-C-BOD-0001 Rev.00 - Client Markup PDF

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EBED CONTRACTOR: PROJECT CONSULTANT:

Florexx International Investments LLC

COMPANY Document No.

DESIGN BASIS FOR CIVIL, STRUCTURAL&

00 01-Mar -18 TSM RS RAP Issued for Review

REV DATE PRPD CHKD APPD DESCRIPTION

Follow the same template for all the docu-

12.2 Soil Data ................................................................................................................................... 27

Document Number Document Title

3. CODES AND STANDARDS

3.1 Local Regulations and Laws

American Institute of Steel Construction (AISC)

American National Standards Institute (ANSI)

American Petroleum Institute (API)

American Society of Civil Engineers (ASCE)

American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM)

Crane Manufacturers Association of America (CMAA) latest code 2012

Metal Building Manufacturers Association (MBMA)

Precast / Pre-stressed Concrete Institute (PCI)

Process Industry Practices (PIP)

Steel Deck Institute (SDI)

Steel Joist Institute (SJI)

Uniform Plumbing Code

UPC 2009 Uniform Plumbing Code (2009 Edition)

British standards (BS) and European norm (EN)

BSI BS 1722-1 Fences - Part 1: Specification for Chain Link Fences

International organization of standardization (ISO) Missing:

8.1 Dead Load, (DL)

Unit weight of materials

- Above ground water level - 18.0 kN/m3

8.2 Live Load (LL) all movable loads

Access Floor systems:

Exit Facilities includes Waiting Areas, Lobby Corridor,

Panel Floors, Battery Rooms 10.0 -

Control, I/O, HVAC Rooms Floors 5.0 4.5

Catwalks/ Cross Over’s for Maintenance access 2.0 1.33

Ground-Supported Storage Tank Roof 1.2 -

8.3 Truck Load

DESIGNATION OF MINIMUM APPLIED LOAD

Add to section 8.3:

8.5 Wind Load (WL)

Site - Fujairah Port

Kzt = Topographic Factor – Calculated as per section 6.5.7.2 of ASCE 7-05

Table 8.5B Table of Wind Directionality Factor

Arched Roofs 0.85

I = Importance Factor – As per Table 6-1 of ASCE 7-05

Table 8.5C Table of Gust Factor

Table 8.5D Table of Force Coefficient

8.6 Earthquake loads (EL)

also as per API 650-App E (i.e seismic design of storage tank)

8.7 Crane / Impact Loads, (I)

Crane Type Impact Factor

8.8 Piping Loads, (PL)

8.9 Thermal /Friction Loads, (T)

T = Self-straining thermal forces caused by the restrained expansion of

Af = Pipe anchor and guide forces.

Friction load (Ff):

specify the Thermal criteria for

Add criteria for

2 ) Air cooler load

8.11 Bundle Pull Loads, (Bp) /Maintenance Load

8.12 Vibration Loads, (V) /Dynamic loads

8.14 Construction Load