Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Initials
B Poa
P Phoa
M Moa
F Foa
D Te
T Thay
N Ne
L Le
G geh
K keh
H Kha
J Che
Q Chi
X She
Z Zoa
S Sss snake voice
C ss tire air leakage voice
Finals
A aaa ai/aaee ao/aaoo an/aan uan/ouan
O ooo ou/ooou
U.. Yee
Tones
Constant Maa Mama (mother)
Rising Maaa
Drop-rising MaAAAA
Drop Mahmah / Pahpa
Dot is used to silence end, Neutral tone
Counting
Yi – ee / y is silent here
Er - R
San - Sun
Si – Sa
Wu- Wuh
Liu – leo
Qi – Shi (not chi)
Ba – pa
Jiu – Jio
Shi - Sher