The Nervous System

in One Shot
Parts of the Brain
The Central Nervous System
 The Central Nervous System

The human brain is broadly divided into:

Structure of a Neuron
The Pathway (Reflex Arc)

Stimulus

Receptor

Afferent/Sensory
neuron

Brain/Spinal cord

Efferent/Motor
neuron

Effector
muscle/Gland

Response
 Parts of the Eye

Sclera

Conjunctiva - covers/protects sclera

Cornea - covers pupil and iris

Choroid - Blood vessels for

nourishment

Iris - Coloured part

Pupil - Aperture at the centre of iris

Ciliary muscles - Hold iris in place

Lens - (biconvex)
 Parts of the Eye

Retina - Innermost and light sensitive layer

(contains photoreceptor cells)

Yellow spot - Area of best vision

Blind spot - No vision

Aqueous humor - Nourishment to lens

Vitreous humor - Holds spherical shape of

the eyeball
Accommodation

The ability of the eye to change its focus

from distant to near objects (and vice
versa)
Outer ear

Consists of:

➢ Pinna - Catches sound waves;

passes them deeper into ear

➢ Auditory canal

➢ Tympanic membrane (eardrum)

- Boundary between the
external and middle ear
Middle ear

- Amplifies sound waves

- Consists of:

➢ Ear ossicles (malleus/hammer,

incus/anvil, stapes/stirrup)

➢ Eustachian tube - controls the

pressure within the middle ear,
making it equal with the air
pressure outside the body

- Has two membrane-bound

openings:

❖ the oval window

❖ round window
Inner ear

- Also called “labyrinth”

- 2 main functions:

❖ Convert physical vibrations into

electrical impulses
❖ Helps maintain equilibrium

- Consists of

➢ Cochlea - for hearing

➢ Vestibule - to help in static

equilibrium

➢ 3 semicircular canals - for

dynamic balance
Pinna collects the vibrations, and
conducts them through the auditory
canal.

Vibrations strike on the eardrum

This vibrates the ear ossicles

The stirrup transmits vibrations to the

oval window

Fluid in cochlear canal receives

vibrations, and stimulates sensory cells
(in organ of corti) of the cochlea

Impulses picked up by auditory nerves -

sent to brain
The Team
Q. A reflex arc is best described as movement of stimuli from (2012)

A Receptor cell, sensory nerve, B Receptor cell, efferent nerve,

relaying neuron, effector muscles relaying neuron, muscles of body

C Receptor cell, spinal cord, motor D Receptor cell, synapse, motor

neuron, relaying neuron neuron, relaying neuron
Q. A reflex arc is best described as movement of stimuli from (2012)

A Receptor cell, sensory neuron, B Receptor cell, efferent neuron,

relaying neuron, effector muscles relaying neuron, muscles of body

C Receptor cell, spinal cord, motor D Receptor cell, synapse, motor

neuron, relaying neuron neuron, relaying neuron
Q. The smallest ear ossicle is

A Malleus B Incus

C Stapes D Cochlea
Q. The smallest ear ossicle is

A Malleus B Incus

C Stapes D Cochlea
Q. Passage connecting middle ear with nasopharynx is

A Eustachian tube B Auditory canal

C Cochlea D Pinna
Q. Passage connecting middle ear with nasopharynx is

A Eustachian tube B Auditory canal

C Cochlea D Pinna
Q. The structure of the ear which helps in balancing of the body

A Eustachian tube B Auditory canal

C Cochlea D Semicircular canals

Q. The structure of the ear which helps in balancing of the body

A Eustachian tube B Auditory canal

C Cochlea D Semicircular canals

Q. The type of nervous system that helps in emergency situations

A Central nervous system B Somatic nervous system

C Sympathetic nervous system D Parasympathetic nervous system

Q. The type of nervous system that helps in emergency situations

A Central nervous system B Somatic nervous system

C Sympathetic nervous system D Parasympathetic nervous system

Q. The nutritive layer of the eye which also helps prevent reflection of
light

A Choroid B Iris

C Retina D Pupil
Q. The nutritive layer of the eye which also helps prevent reflection of
light

A Choroid B Iris

C Retina D Pupil
Q. Part of the brain which helps in balancing of the body

A Cerebrum B Cerebellum

C Pons D Medulla
Q. Part of the brain which helps in balancing of the body

A Cerebrum B Cerebellum

C Pons D Medulla
Q. Part of the brain which controls respiration

A Cerebrum B Cerebellum

C Diencephalon D Medulla
Q. Part of the brain which controls respiration

A Cerebrum B Cerebellum

C Diencephalon D Medulla
Q. The number of cranial nerves in man

A 31 B 12

C 10 D 32
Q. The number of cranial nerves in man

A 31 B 12

C 10 D 32
Well done!
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