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GATE
PRACTICE BOOKLET

Mechanical Engineering
(Volume - II)
(Engineering Mechanics, Machine Design, Theory of Machines & Vibrations,
Production Technology, IM & OR and Engineering Materials)

1116 Expected Questions with Solutions

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 Foreword
GATE in Mechanical Engineering

GATE PRACTICE BOOKLET (Bits & Bytes)
(VOLUME - II )

Dear Students,

Solutions of all previous GATE Questions are already available. Every year about 20% of questions
will have repetitive nature. However, rest of the questions are from untapped areas (never asked areas)
and few from Previous Engineering Services & Civil Services Questions. Keeping this in view, possible
questions are prepared in various subjects (chapter wise) along with their hints/solutions. The student
is advised to practice the questions systematically so that their chances of getting high score in GATE
Exam will increase.

The student is advised to solve the problems without referring to the solutions. The student has
to analyze the given question carefully, identify the concept on which the question is framed, recall the
relevant equations, find out the desired answer, verify the answer with the final key such as (a), (b), (c),
(d), then go through the hints to clarify his answer. This will help to face numerical answer questions
better. The student is advised to have a standard text book ready for reference to strengthen the related
concepts, if necessary. The student is advised not to write the solution steps in the space around the
question. By doing so, he loses an opportunity of effective revision.

As observed in the GATE Exam, number of sets may be possible, being online exams. Hence, don’t skip
any subject. All are equally important.

It is believed that this book is a Valuable aid to the students appearing for competitive exams like IES,
JTO, DRDO, ISRO and Other PSUs. This book can also be used by fresh Teachers in Engineering in
improving their Concepts.

With best wishes to all those who wish to go through the following pages.

Y.V. Gopala Krishna Murthy,

M Tech. MIE,
Chairman & Managing Director,
ACE Engineering Academy,
ACE Engineering Publications.
 Mechanical Engineering
GATE PRACTICE BOOKLET (Bits & Bytes)
(VOLUME - II )

MAIN INDEX

S.No. Name of the Subject Page No.

01. Engineering Mechanics 01 – 68

02 Machine Design 69 – 146

03 Theory of Machines & Vibrations 147 – 232

04 Production Technology 233 – 354

05 IM & OR 355 – 428

06 Engineering Materials 429 – 449

Page No. 69
 Page No. 70

Machine Design ‐ Syllabus

Design for static and dynamic loading; failure theories; fatigue strength
and the S-N diagram; principles of the design of machine elements such
as bolted, riveted and welded joints, shafts, spur gears, rolling and
sliding contact bearings, brakes and clutches.

Index

Questions Solutions
S. No Chapter Name
Page No. Page No.
01 Static Load & Theories of Failure 71 – 73 74 – 77
02 Dynamic Loads 78 – 81 82 – 86
03 Rivet Joints 87 – 88 89 – 91
04 Bolted Joints 92 – 95 96 – 100
05 Welded Joints 101 – 103 104 – 106
06 Sliding Contact Bearings 107 – 109 110 – 113
07 Rolling Contact Bearings 114 – 115 116 – 118
08 Clutch Design 119 – 121 122 – 125
09 Brakes 126 – 129 130 – 133
10 Spur Gear Tooth 134 – 136 137 – 140
11 Shaft 141 – 142 143 – 146
Chapter 1
01. A component is subjected to biaxial state of
Static Loads
& Theories of Failure
(a) 2 kN-m (b) 3 kN-m
stress. x = 400 MPa, y = 0, xy = 200 MPa. (c) 1.414 kN-m (d) 1.732 kN-m
If the yield strength in tension is 500 MPa
05. A component is subjected to biaxial state of
and ultimate strength in tension is 500 MPa,
The factor of safety as per distortion energy stress 1 = –300 MPa, 2 = –300 MPa. Its
theory is yield strength intension and in compression
(a) 0.7 (b) 1.44 is same and equal to 300 MPa.
(c) 1.04 (d) 0.96 Match the following
Failure Criteria Factor of safety
a. Distortion energy theory 1. 1.10
02. A shaft is subjected to fluctuating loads with
b. Shear stress theory 2. 
nominal torque of 1500 N-m and a bending
c. Principle stress theory. 3. 1
moment of 2000 N-m respectively. If the
(a) a-1, b-1, c-1 (b) a-3, b-2, c-1
combined shock and fatigue factors for
(c) a-3, b-3, c-1 (d) a-3, b-2, c-3
bending and torsion are 2.0 and 1.5
respectively then the equivalent torque is 06. A circular rod of diameter ‘d’ and length
(a) 4589 N-m (b) 4242 N-m ‘3d’ is subjected to a compressive force ‘F’
(c) 2500 N-m (d) None of the above acting at the top point as shown in the fig.
The stress at point ‘A’ is
03. A component is to be designed with brittle
F
material. The appropriate theory of failure is
d
(a) maximum normal stress theory
(b) maximum shear stress theory A
(c) maximum strain energy theory l = 3d
(d) Distortion energy theory 20F
(a) (Tensile)
d 2
04. A shaft of span 1 m carries a pulley at the 20F
(b) (Compressive)
mid span with the initial tension in the belt d 2
12F
as 2 kN. The pulley transmits a torque of 1 (c) (Tensile)
d 2
kN-m. The equivalent twisting moment on 12F
(d) (Compressive)
the shaft is d 2
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 : 72 : Machine Design (Bits & Bytes)

07. The complex state of stress in a machine
element is shown by the Mohr’s Circle in
fig. The yield strength of the material,
considering yielding in the machine element
according to Distortion energy theory is
, MPa
50 250
, MPa
(a) 127 MPa (b) 148 MPa
(c) 187 MPa (d) 229 MPa
08. For a component subjected to complex
loading, the dimensions obtained from
different theories of failures are arranged in
descending order. Which of the following
statements is true?
(a) Von Mises > Tresca (or Guest) > Rankine
(b) Tresca (or Guest > Von Mises > Rankine
(c) Rankine > Von Mises > Tresca (or Guest)
(d) Von Mises > Rankine > Tresca (or Guest)
09. A wall bracket with rectangular cross-
section is shown in figure (t = 30 mm)
The force P acting an bracket is 5 kN. The
maximum stress acting on the bracket is
______ (MPa).
10. A test beam 30 mm square in section is
broken by a load of 1200 N applied at the
centre of a span 1 metre, simply supported.
The ultimate strength of the beam material
taking factor of safety as 1 is (in MPa)
(a) 334 (b) 445
(c) 1066.66 (d) 533.33
11. If the principal stresses at a point in an
elastic material are 2f tensile, f tensile, and
1/2 f compressive, the value of f at failure
according to shear strain energy theory, if
yield strength of material is 151MPa is
(a) 49 MPa (b) 63 MPa
(c) 87 MPa (d) 92 MPa
Common Data for Questions 12 & 13
A machine member of 50 mm diameter and 250
mm long is supported at one end as cantilever.
The member is subjected to axial tensile load of
15 kN and torsion of 1 kN.m.

60
12. The maximu normal and shear stresses in the
150 mm member are
P (a) 1.37 MPa and 21.3 MPa
A
2t (b) 2.13 MPa and 25.2 MPa
B (c) 3.07 MPa and 30.7 MPa
300 mm
t=30
(d) 44.7 MPa and 40.7 MPa
mm

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 : 73 : Static Loads & Theories of failure

13. The maximum normal stresses are
(a) – 38 MPa and 10.2 MPa
(b) 41 MPa and – 32 MPa
(c) 44.7 MPa and –37.1 MPa
(d) –72 MPa and 35.2 MPa
14. The area enclosed by the failure locus on the
plot of principal stresses based on
(1) distortion energy theory
(2) maximum shear stress theory
(3) maximum normal stress theory
satisfies which of the following options
given below:
(a) 1 > 3 > 2
(c) 3 > 2 > 1
16. Safe area of stress diagram for maximum
energy of distortion theory is represented by
(a) square sides of equal to 2 Syt
(b) an ellipse with major axis 2 2 Syt
(c) an ellipse with major exist 2 2 /3 Syt
(d) a rectangle.
17. A shaft of 50mm diameter is used to
transmit power of 35 kW at 800 rpm and is
supported in bearing 50cm apart. A load of
10 kN is concentrated at the center of the
shaft acting vertically. The tensile strength
of shaft is 500 MPa. The operating factor of
(b) 2 > 1 > 3
safety according to maximum shear stress
(d) 3 > 1 > 2
theory is ___________.

15. In a machine component the state of stress at

18. The homogenous state of stress for a metal
a critical region is given below. The yield
part undergoing plastic deformation is given
strength is 300 MPa, ultimate strength is 400
as:
MPa and Poisons ratio is 0.28 for the
10 5 0 
material. Compare the factor of safety based
   5 20 0  MPa

on the following failure theories.
 0 0  10
100 50 0 
  Distortion energy per unit volume for metal
   50 100 0 
 0 part having  = 0.3 and E = 200GPa is
 0 0 
________ (J/m3).
(P) Principal stress theory
(Q) Shear stress theory
(R) Von mises stress theory

(a) P = Q = R
(b) P = Q < R
(c) P < Q < R
(d) P < Q = R

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 : 74 : Machine Design (Bits & Bytes)

Solutions

01. Ans: (d) Hence maximum bending moment due to

Sol: x = 400 MPa , y = 0 , xy = 200 MPa tension is
Syt = Sut = 500 MPa PL
Mmax = = 1 kNm , T = 1kNm
According to distortion energy, 4
2 Hence equivalent torque is,
 S yt 
  3
2 2
  
x xy
 N  Teq = M 2max  T 2 = 1.414 kNm

S yt
N  0.95
 2x  3 2xy 05. Ans: (d)
Sol: 1 = 2 = –300 MPa
Syt = Syc = 300
02. Ans: (a)
Distortion energy theory
Sol: T = 1500 N-m, M = 2000 N-m
2
S 
Te  k m M   k T T 
2 2
    1 2   yt   N = 1
2
1
2
2
N
km = 2, kT = 1.5
Shear stress theory,
Te = 4589.4 N-m
1   2  Syt  S
    N  yt  
2  2N  0
03. Ans: (a)
Principal stress theory,
Sol: For brittle material
Syt Syc
Suc > Sus > Sut 1   N=1
N N
They are weak in tension, so design is to be
done on the basis of maximum normal stress
06. Ans: (c)
theory.
Sol:

04. Ans: (c) F

Sol: There is bending moment due to tension in
d F F
belt of the pully
Net load due to tension in the belt is A
P = 2 P, P= 2 kN, L=1 m l = 3d
P = 4 kN
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 : 75 : Static Loads & Theories of failure

There is compressive force F and constant 1

D
d Syt
bending moment F 
2 Syt
At point A, there is compressive stress due Trescas theory, Sys 
2
to load F and tensile stress due to bending 2
D
moment. Syt
4F 32M
  Syt
d 2 d 3 Von mises theory, Sys 
3
16F 4F
 2  2 3
d d D
Syt
12F
  2 (Tensile)
d Syt → yield strength in tension
Sys → yield strength in shear
07. Ans: (d) Hence,
Sol: From figure, (D)trescas> (D)Von mises> (D)rankine
1 = 250 , 2 = 50
12   22  1 2  Syt
2 09. Ans: 93 MPa to 95 MPa
Sol: Ph = P cos 60 = 2500 N
Syt  250  50  250  50
2 2
Pv = P sin 60 = 4330.13 N
= 229.12 MPa

08. Ans: (b) A

Sol: Suppose a component is subjected to shear, Ph

Load Failure stress B

Mh

dim ension factor of safety Pv

P S Maximum stress occurs at point A

 ys
dim ension FOS Bending moment at A,
P  .FOS constant M = Ph  150 + Pv  300
dim ension  
S ys S ys M = 375 + 1299 = 1674 N-m
1 M.t  12 Ph
D A   2
t 2t 
3
Sys 2t

Rankine theory, Sys = Syt 1674  1000  12  30 2500

A  
3060 2  302
3

A = 93 + 1.38 = 94.38 MPa

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 : 76 : Machine Design (Bits & Bytes)

10. Ans: (c) 16T

  40.76 MPa
Sol: d 3
W
4F
  7.6433 MPa
d 2

1, 2 
1
2

   2  4 2 
WL
M max 
1
4 1  7.76  81.88  44.82 MPa
L = 1 m, W = 1200 N 2
1
M max 
1200  1000
 300  103 N  mm 2  7.76  81.88  37.06 MPa
4 2
1 2
M Y 300  103  15 max    42  40.94 MPa
 b   ut    12 2
I 154
max = 44.82 MPa
b = 1066.66 MPa

11. Ans: (a) 14. Ans: (d)

Sol: Syt = 151 MPa, Sol:
f 2
1 = 2f, 2 = f, 3 = 
2
1  2 2  2  3 2  3  1 2  Syt 2 Distortion
energy (a)
2 2
 3f   5  2
f 2      f   Syt –1 1
 2  2 
Normal stress
19 2
f  151 theory (c)
2

2 Shear stress
 f = 49 MPa –2 theory (b)

 Area (c) > Area (a) > Area (b)

12. Ans: (d) & 13. Ans: (c)

Sol: 15. Ans: (b)

T
F Sol: Syt = 300 MPa, Sut = 400 MPa ,  = 0.28
x = 100, y = 100 ,  = 60

1, 2    x   y      y   42 
D = 50 mm, L = 250 mm 1 2

2 
x
F = 15 kN, T = 1 kN-m
1
Shear stress due to torsion, 1, 2  200  100
2
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 : 77 : Static Loads & Theories of failure

1 = 150 MPa , 2 = 50 MPa 18. Ans: 1679.06

Principal stress theory Sol: x = 10 MPa , y= 20 MPa,  = 5 MPa
Syt 300 z = 3 = –10 MPa,  = 0.3
1  N 2
N 150
1, 2    x   y      y   42 
1 2

2 
x
Shear stress theory,
1 Syt 1
max   N2 1, 2  30  14.14
2 2N 2
Von mises theory, 1 = 22.07 MPa ,
S yt
2
2 = 7.93 MPa ,
N 2

12   22  1 2 3 = –10 MPa

 N = 2.26 Distortion energy per unit volume
1  

 E 

 1   2    2  3   3  1 
2 2 2

16. Ans: (b)
Sol: 12 + 22 – 12 = Syt2 E = 200 MPa
Distortion energy per unit volume
Major axis = 2 2 Syt
= 1679.06 J/m3
2
Minor axis = 2 Syt
3

17. Ans: 4.65

Sol: D = 50 mm, P = 35 kW, N = 800 rpm,
L = 50 cm, W = 10 kN, Syt = 500 MPa
WL
M max   1250  103 N  mm
4
32 M
  101.91MPa
d 3
60 P
T  417.99  103 N  mm
2N
16T
  17.03 MPa
d 3
1 S 250
 max   2  42  yt 
2 2N N
 N = 4.65

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