Period: Romanticism

Name of the Artwork: Spoliarium

Artist: Juan Luna

Spoliarium is viewed by many as the most valuable artwork by Juan Luna. It is known to be the largest
painting in the Philippines that has a 4.22-meter x 7.675-meter length and width completed in 1884 in
Madrid. The majestic masterpiece is a symbol of the nationalism of its creator. It enlightened and
motivated many Filipinos, including Dr. Jose Rizal, to fight for the independence of the Philippines from
the harsh ruling of Spain.

"Spoliarium is a Latin word referring to the basement of Roman Colosseum where fallen, and dying
gladiators were dumped and devoid of their worldly possessions." (National Museum of the Philippines,
2014)

The artwork shows gladiators covered in blood with a little amount of fabric to mantle their bodies while
being dragged by Roman oppressors. On the left side, most spectators are in fear and are trying their
hardest to look away from the gruesome scene, while others look like they are waiting for a chance to
attack the combatants (as described by the National Museum of the Philippines). People on the right
seem to mourn especially the lady who many believe to be related to one of the men being dragged.
The overall appearance of the oil-on-canvas painting focuses on the lewd and devilish treatment of
Roman oppressors towards the gladiators.

The lines added intricacy to the figures and images in the basement. The colors and rhythm used are
mournful, serious, and perfectly suits the tone of the whole painting. The light and value intensify the
darkness of the room. The shape forms two-dimensional objects and people with a texture that makes
the characters look real.All parts of the painting unify with each other making it one and whole. The
emphasis and focal point (the bodies dragged) are on point and noticeable. The scale and proportion fit
the actual size of a real person and the background. The style used is a mix of realistic and
representative art with an emphasis on emotions.