1990

1. Write a precis of the following passage and suggest a suitable title.

     Not all the rulers signed the Instrument of Accession at once. Afraid that
the Socialist Congress Party would strip him of his amusements, flying,
dancing girls and conjuring delights which he had only just begun to indulge
since he had only recently succeeded his father to the throne, the young
Maharajah of Jodhpur arranged a meeting with Jinnah. Jinnah was aware
that both Hindu majority and geographical location meant that most of the
Princely states would go to India, but he was gratified by the thought that
he might be able to snatch one or two from under Patel's nose. He gave
Jodhpur a blank sheet of paper. 
"Write your conditions on that" he said, "and I'll sign it."
     Elated, the Maharajah returned to his hotel to consider. It was an
unfortunate move on his part, for V.P. Menon was there waiting for him.
Menon's agents had alerted him to what Jodhpur was up to. He told the
young ruler that his presence was requested urgently at a viceroy's House,
and reluctantly the young man accompanied him there. The urgent
summons had been an excuse, and once they had arrived, Menon had to go
on a frantic search for Viceroy, and tell him what had happened.
Mountbatten responded immediately. He solemnly reminded Jodhpur that
Jinnah could not guarantee and conditions he might make, and that
accession to Pakistan would spell disaster for his state. At the same time,
he assured him that accession to India would flout automatically mean end
of his pleasure. Mountbatten left him alone with Menon to sign a
provisional agreement. 
PRECIS 1990 SOLUTION:
Title: Accession of Jodhpur at the time of partition.
How Jodhpur signed instrument of accession?

At the time of partition rulers were signing agreements of accession to Pakistan

and India. The young ruler of Jodhpur believed that congress would take away
his luxuries. Therefore , he decided to meet Jinnah. By knowing the statistics
Jinnah thought he would be able to get one or two princely states .Jinnah offered
the maharaja of jodhpur to join Pakistan on his own terms and conditions.
However Mountbatten called up maharaja and told him that Jinnah could not
meet his claims. He also convinced the young ruler to join India. The young
maharaja signed the instrument of accession with v.p Menon , a senior member
of congress.
2. Read the following passage carefully and answer any FOUR questions given at the end as
briefly as possible. 
     Mountbatten was taking his family to Shimla to snatch a few days' rest. He had brought with him a
copy of the Draft Plan for the transfer of power (which he had sent to London for approval). Menon
had come up and they were expecting Nehru for the weekend. Mountbatten was delighted that
Edwina (his wife) and Jawaharlal had taken to each other so much. It could not help his work, and it
seemed to do them both so much good. Nehru himself had been in fine form. Mieville and George
Nicolas (Principal Secretary to the Viceroy and Deputy Personal secretary to the Viceroy respectively)
had shown some dismay at Viceroy's openness with the Indian leader but Mountbatten chose to ignore
them. Despite his continuing optimism for the Plan, Menon's contention that it would be well received
by the Congress had given him more than usual pause for thought. After dinner on Saturday night, he
invited Nehru in the Viceregal Lodge for a nightcap. The Viceroy handed Nehru his drink, and then
quite suddenly crossed the room to the safe and unlocked it, taking out the Draft Plan handed him the
papers (giving free run his instinct whatever the result). Nehru took the Draft Plan eagerly and sat
down with it, immersing himself in it immediately. Mountbatten watched him. The Indian had stopped
reading the Plan, and was riffling angrily through the final pages. His face was drawn and pale.
Mountbatten was shaken. He had never seen Nehru so furious. Nehru made an effort to control
himself. 'I will try to summarize my thoughts tonight and leave you a note of my objections. This much I
can tell you now. Congress will never agree to plan of India's fragmentation into a host of little states'.
The following day, the Viceroy sat on the secluded rear terrace of Viceregal Lodge while V.P. Menon
read over Nehru's promise memorandum of objections. 'Mr. Nehru only questions certain Section of
the Plan', said Menon. 'Yes -- the key notes!' snapped Mountbatten. 'Look we have to redraft and
resubmit immediately, -- in the light of his comments. Can you do it?' 'Very well, Your Excellency', said
Menon. ... I want it (the fresh draft) by six O'clock this evening'. 
(a) How did Lord Mountbatten view the relationship between his wife, Lady Edwina and
Jawaharlal Nehru?
Answer: Mountbatten was very happy that his wife Edvina and Nehru were very close to each
other.
(b) How did the officers on the staff of Lord Mountbatten view his close relationship with Nehru
and what was Mountbatten's reaction to it?
Answer: The officers on the staff of Mountbatten were concerned about his close relationship
with Nehru. But Mountbatten did not care.
(c) Why did Lord Mountbatten show the Draft Plat to Nehru?
Answer: The British rulers were tinted towards Congress. Mountbatten wanted to get Nehru’s
input before approval of the draft.Thats why he showed the draft plan to Nehru.

(d) Did Lord Mountbatten show the Draft Plat to Quaid-e-Azam? If not, what will the showing of
secret Draft Plan to Nehru alone will be called?
Answer: Mountbatten did not show the draft plan to Jinnah. Showing the secret draft plan to
Nehru clearly depicts the biasness and double standards of the viceroy.
(e) What motivated the drawing up of a fresh Plan for transfer of power?
Answer: The comments/objections of Nehru after reading the draft plan motivated
Mountbatten to draft a fresh plan.They wanted to give maximum benefits to Indian national
congress.
(f) Within what time was the fresh plan prepared and by whom?
Answer: The fresh plan was prepared in some hours by Menon, V.P of congress.
(g) Was the person who drew up the fresh plan, under orders of Mountbatten, a neutral and
impartial person, not connected with any Indian community?
Answers: The person who drafted the fresh plan was v.p Menon. He was not neutral and
impartial. V.p Menon was at very important position in Indian national congress.
 1991
1. Make a precis of the following passage and suggest a suitable title. 
     Generally,European trains still stop at borders to change locomotives and
staff. This is often necessary. The German and French voltage systems are
incompatible. Spain -- though not Portugal -- has a broad gauge track. English
bridges are lower than elsewhere, and passengers on German trains would need
a ladder to reach French platforms, twice as high as their own. But those physical
constraints pale in comparison to an even more formidable barrier -- national
chauvinism. While officials in Brussels strive for an integrated and efficiently run
rail network to relieve the Continent's gorged roads and airways, and cut down
on pollution, three member countries -- France, Germany and Italy -- are working
feverishly to develop their own expensive and mutually incompatible high-speed
trains.

PRECIS 1991 SOLUTION

Title: railways network in Europe:
Hurdles in European rail Network.
In Europe, The trains are not running smoothly across the borders.Apart from
technical and physical differences in their systems,its main reason is nationalism.
However Officials in Brussels are working to establish a better railways network.
Germany, France and Italy are working on development of high-speed train.
Words: 40
2. Read the following passage and answer the questions given at the end
as briefly as possible (into 2 lines each)
     "Heads of Government attending the London economic summit will have no
excuses if they fail to curb the level of arms exports. A new definitive study by
the International Monetary Fund, not generally known for its liberal views,
makes it plain that high levels of arms spending in some developing countries
have retarded social programmes, economic development projects and the
private sector, the latter being an issue with which the seven richest market
economies can identify. The IMF, however, picks out 10, consistent offenders
among developing countries which spend more than 15 percent of their ODP on
the military. They are: Israel, Angola, Oman, Yemen, Jordan, Saudia Arabia, Syria,
Egypt and Libya. Employing some unusually forceful language the Fund says,
High levels of military expenditure certainly led to low growth and domestic
economic hardship in some countries by diverting fund from social programmes,
economic development projects and the private sector."
     The study poses a couple of other serious problems for the summitters. It
shows for instance, that military expenditure is very sensitive to financial
constraints. Thus if countries are deprived of resources then they are forced to
cut back on armaments. 
(i)What are the heads of Government doing at the summit?
Answer: The heads of the states at the London economic summit are finding
ways to curb the level of arms exports. They are emphasizing on reducing
military expenditures especially for developing countries.
(ii) What are the findings of the new study?
Answer: The new study by the international monetary fund found that more
expenditures on arms have slowed down the social programs and economic
development projects in developing countries.
(iii) How does military expenditure affect domestic economy of a country and in
what ways?
Answer: The more more expenditures on armaments the more the country faces
economic hardships. high level of military expenditures divert funds from social
programs and economic development projects.
(iv) What is the relationship between military spending and economic growth?
Answer: Military spending is inversely proportional to economic growth. High
spending on military results in low economic growth.
(v) How is military expenditure related to resources?
Answer: Military spending is directly proportional to resources. Rich countries
have high military spending’s on the other hand poor countries have to cut down
military expenditures.
CSS PRECIS 1992

1. Write a precis of the following passage and suggest a suitable title. 

     Throughout the ages of human development men have been subject to miseries of
two kinds: those imposed by external nature, and, those that human beings
misguidedly inflicted upon each other. At first, by far the worst evils were those that
were due to the environment. Man was a rare species, whose survival was precarious.
Without the agility of the monkey, without any coating of fur, he has difficulty in
escaping from wild beasts, and in most parts of the world could not endure the
winter's cold. He had only two biological advantages: the upright posture freed his
hands, and intelligence enabled him to transmit experience. Gradually these two
advantages gave him supremacy. The numbers of the human species increased beyond
those of any other large mammals. But nature could still assert her power by means of
flood and famine and pestilence and by exacting from the great majority of mankind
incessant toil in the securing of daily bread. In our own day our bondage to external
nature is fast diminishing, as a result of the growth of scientific intelligence. Famines
and pestilence still occur, but we know better, year by year, what should be done to
prevent them. Hard work is still necessary, but only because we are unwise: given
peace and co-operation, we could subsist on a very moderate amount of toil. With
existing technique, we can, whenever we choose to exercise wisdom, be free of many
ancient forms of bondage to external nature. But the evils that men inflict upon each
other have not diminished in the same degree. There are still wars, oppressions, and
hideous cruelties, and greedy men still snatch wealth from those who are less skillful or
less ruthless than themselves. Love of power still leads to vast tyrannies, or ot mere
obstruction when its grosser forms are impossible. And fear deep scarcely conscious
fear -- is still the dominant motive in very many lives.

SOLUTION:
Title :Human development throughout the ages.
Miseries of Human development.
Men are facing two kinds of adversities since ages.One is natural and the other is
created by men on fellow beings .Human life was much difficult during initial stages
.Harsh weather and wild life were hurdles in men’s survival. Through hard work and
scientific intelligence men overcame these hurdles. Oppressions of external nature are
reducing day by day. The natural hazards still occur but men has learnt to control them.
However the evils imposed by men on each other still exist .The war on power and
wealth leads to brutality. The exploitation of poor fellow beings is occurring. And the
conscious fear is still dominant.
2. Read the following passage carefully and answer the questions given at
the end. 
     "Moral self control, and external prohibition of harmful acts, are not
adequate methods of dealing with our anarchic instincts. The reason they
are inadequate is that these instincts are capable of many disguises as the
Devil in medieval legend, and some of these disguises deceive even the
elect. The only adequate method is to discover what are the needs of our
instinctive nature, and then to search for the least harmful way of satisfying
them. Since spontaneity is what is most thwarted by machines, the only
thing that can be provided is opportunity, the use made of opportunity
must be left to the initiative of the individual. Not doubt, considerable
expense would be involved but it would not be comparable to the expense
of war. Understanding of human nature must be the basis of any real
improvement in human life. Science has done wonders in mastering the
laws of the physical world, but our own nature is much less understood, as
yet, than the nature of stars and electrons. When science learns to
understand human nature, it will be able to bring happiness into our lives
which machines and the physical science have failed to create."
(a) Why are moral self-control, and external prohibition inadequate to
deal with our anarchic instincts?
Answer: Moral self control and external prohibitions are inadequate
to deal with anarchic instincts because these instincts are capable of
showing a different appearance to hide real identities. These
appearances deceive even the elect.
(b) What is the adequate method of anarchic instincts?
Answer: The adequate method of anarchic instincts is to identify the
needs of instinctive nature and then to search for the ;east harmful
methods to satisfy the actual needs.
(c) What should be the basis of any real improvement in human life?
Answer: To understand human nature should be the basis of real
improvement in human life. Science has done a lot to understand
physical world but human nature is much less understood.
(d) How can science help humanity to achieve happiness?
Answers: Science can help humanity by understanding human
nature.It can bring happiness in human lives which machines and
physical world can not.