BARCH, 3rd semester, II Year

AR 20203 : Building Material and Construction

Techniques-III

Unit-1
Temporary Timbering
Lecture no. 1

Anjali Gupta
Assistant Professor, School of Architecture, Mody University
Outlines
• Introduction to subject

• Introduction of Temporary Works

• Timbering to Trenches

• Methods of Timbering
Introduction to Subject

Building Materials and Construction Techniques

Building Material Building Construction

• Surface Finishes: Wood • Temporary Works

carving, Paints and
Varnishes • Roofs

• Adhesive and Sealants • Floors

• Glass: Types and uses of • Staircase

Glass
• Lifts and Escalators
Introduction to Temporary Works
Why we need Temporary construction?

Any Temporary Construction necessary to assist the execution of the

permanent works and which will be removed from the site on completion
of work

Examples of Temporary Work:

1. Timbering to Trenches
2. Scaffolding
3. Shoring
4. Underpinning
Introduction to Temporary Works

Timbering to Trenches gives

Timbering to Trenches
temporary support to the sides
of the foundation trench, when
the sub-soil is loose and the
depth of trench is large.

There are various methods of

timbering to trenches
1. Stay Bracing
2. Box Sheeting
3. Vertical Sheeting
4. Runners system
5. Sheet Piling
Introduction to Temporary Works

Scaffolding is a temporary frame

Scaffolding usually constructed to provide a
means of access to high-level
working areas as well as
providing a safe platform from
which to work.

There are majorly three types of

Scaffolds
1. Suspended Scaffolds
2. Supported Scaffolds(Single
and Double)
3. Cantilever or needle scaffolds
Introduction to Temporary Works
Shoring is the temporary support
used during the repair of
Shoring building when in danger of
collapse.

For example: Temporary support

may be required to relive the
load on masonry wall while it is
repaired.

Types of Shoring:
1. H or I-Beam Shoring
2. Secant Pile Shoring
3. Pile shoring
4. Sheet Piles
5. Diaphragm Walls
Introduction to Temporary Works

Underpinning Underpinning is the process of

strengthening the foundation of
an existing building or structure
when the existing foundation is
not stable/suitable enough.

Methods of Underpinning
1. Pit Method
2. Pile Method
Setting out Foundation Trenches

Building Design Longest wall

PEGS
Structure Design
(Foundation 2M
Design)

Foundation
(centre line)
layout Plan

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=XPbWIp56zxY
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=qPqJuBi5WoU
Excavation of Trenches

Drag Shovel
Foundation Trench up to 1.7m

Multi-Bucket Trencher or Itcher

Foundation Trench up to 1.5m – 5m deep
Methods of Timbering to Trenches
Stay Bracing
This method is used for supporting the sides
or a bench excavated in fairly firm soil, when
the depth of excavation does not exceed
about 2 meters.

The method consists of placing vertical sheets

(called sheating) or pooling boards opposite
each other against the two walls of the trench
and holding them in position by one or two
rows of struts.

The sheets are placed at an interval of 2 to

4m and generally, they extend to the full
height of the trench.
Methods of Timbering to Trenches

Box Sheeting
This method is adopted when the
depth of the excavation does not
exceed 4m.

Horizontal sheeting is provided

when the soil is very loose.

If the height of the trench is more,

braces are provided along the
struts.
Methods of Timbering to Trenches
Vertical sheeting
This method is adopted for deep
trenches (up to 10m depth).

Excavation is carried out in stages

and at the end of each stage, an
offset is provided.

Maximum height of one stage – 3m

Offset = 25 to 30cm
Methods of Timbering to Trenches
Runners

• These are provided in case of extremely

loose and soft ground

• Runners are made up of long thick wooden

sheets or planks with iron shoe at the ends.

• The runners are hammered to 30cm

• Rest of the member are same as previous

Timbering to Trenches
Sheet Piles

• Sheet piles are designed to resist lateral earth pressure.

• These are driven in the ground by mechanical means

Condition for using sheet Piles

1. Soil to be excavated is soft or loose
2. Depth of excavation is large
3. Width of Trench is also Large
4. When there is sub-soil water