Otras Topologías

Repetidor
En algunos escenarios, no es posible ejecutar una
conexión por cable a un nuevo AP porque la distancia
del cable es demasiado grande para admitir la
comunicación Ethernet.
En ese caso, puede agregar un AP adicional que esté
configurado para el modo repetidor.
El repetidor inalámbrico toma la señal que recibe y la
repite o retransmite.
Repetidor
 Puente de Grupo de Trabajo
Puede utilizar un puente de grupo de trabajo (WGB)
para conectar el adaptador de red con cable del
dispositivo a una red inalámbrica.
En lugar de proporcionar un BSS para el servicio
inalámbrico, un WGB se convierte en un cliente
inalámbrico de un BSS.
Puente de Grupo de Trabajo
 Puente en Exterior
Un AP puede configurarse para actuar como un puente
para formar un solo enlace inalámbrico de una LAN a
otra a una larga distancia.
Si es necesario puentear las LAN en dos ubicaciones, se
puede utilizar un enlace puente de punto a punto.
Trama 802.11
 Basics
A client must join or associate with a specific wireless
network by first getting permission from the AP.
The client must send and receive every frame through the
AP
IEEE 802.11 networks are based on traditional MAC
addresses.
To direct frames through an AP, the AP must also have a
MAC address of its own.
Wireless clients know the AP’s address as the BSS identifier
(BSSID), which must be included in each frame sent to the
AP.
Formato de la Trama 802.11
Frame Addressing
Frame Addressing
Frame Addressing
 Acceso al Medio
Wireless channel is a shared medium and that
every device trying to use it must share the
airtime and contend for its use.
There is no centralized function that coordinates
the use of a wireless channel, this effort is
distributed to each device that uses a channel.
This is known as a distributed coordination
function (DCF)
 Acceso al Medio - Carrier Sense
Devices based on the 802.3 and 802.11
standards must use the carrier sense multiple
access (CSMA) technique to determine if the
media is available before transmitting.
Wireless devices can use a two-fold process to
detect a channel in use:
• Physical carrier sense

• Virtual carrier sense

 Acceso al Medio - Collision
Avoidance
Wireless clients avoid collisions by backing off
and waiting a random time before transmitting.
Time is measured in two ways:
• By timeslot, a counting tempo at regular

intervals.
• By interframe space periods
Tipos de Trama 802.11
 Tipos de Trama 802.11
The frame type is identified by a 2-bit Type field
and a 4-bit SubType field in the Frame Control
portion of the header.
This implies that each of the frame types can
have several different subtypes that perform
various functions.
 Management Frames
Management frames are used to advertise a BSS and its
capabilities and to manage clients as they join or leave the
BSS.
Management frames are also used to manage clients as they
join or leave the BSS.
There are 14 different management frame subtypes like:
• Beacon
• Probe
• Authentication and Deauthentication
• Association, disassociation, and reassociation
• Action
 Control Frames
Control frames are used to gain control of and to help
deliver data over a channel. Control frames contain
only frame header information and no data payload.
There are nine different control frames possible, like:
• ACK

• Block ACK

• PS-Poll

• RTS/CTS
 Data Frames
Data is sent to and from clients in data frames.
A data frame contains up to four address fields
that identify the sender and recipient and
identify the BSSID and any wireless link involved
with forwarding the frame.
There are 15 different data frame subtypes