Waste Management Using Solar

Smart Bin

Chandradeep Tiwari Smt. Nagarathna. K

Dept of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Dept of Electrical and Electronics Engineering,
Global Academy of Technology Rajarajeshwari Nagar Global Academy of Technology Rajarajeshwari Nagar
Bengaluru, Karnataka Bengaluru, Karnataka
chandratiwari877@gmail.com ratna_nishu@yahoo.com

Abstract— In past few decades there is a rapid growth in the

rate of urbanisation and thus there is a need of sustainable urban
development plans all around the world. By using modern
technology and strategic approach, the concept of smart cities is II. OVER VIEW OF MODEL
coming up all around the world. A smart city is incomplete
without a smart waste management system, as they play a vital
role in keeping the cities/towns clean & hygienic and also provide
a better public image for the tourists coming from all around the
world. This paper describes the application of “ Solar Smart Bin”
in managing the waste collection system of an entire city.

Index Terms— Ultra-Sonic sensor, IR sensor, ARM-7

Controller, Motor, GSM Module, Solar Panel & Charge
controller etc.

I. INTRODUCTION
The Waste generally appears in various different forms such as
biomedical, agricultural, organic/inorganic etc. Other waste apart
from the urban waste are characterised by specific collection points,
uniform and predictable production, and equal, usually long, filling
periods. On the other hand Urban waste involves numerous waste
bins that exhibit significant filling variations depending upon the
time, location and diverse requirements for emptying, from sporadic,
to very frequent i.e.. several times a day.

An inappropriate urban waste collection may indulge in causing vari-

ous problems such as affecting the environment, the authorities and
the citizens. One of the major problem- raising source By using the
application of remote fill-level estimation, many of the problems
related to the waste management could be reduced potentially, lead-
ing to great improvements and optimisations in the overall process,
like: i) ‘Waste-bins’ number, capacity and placement. ii) ‘Garbage
trucks’ easy and the faster routes that could in turn lead to reductions Fig-1 Over view of module
in traffic congestion, noise levels, emissions, and operating costs. iii)
Creating an public image by avoiding the litters on the streets etc.

Module consists of two bins, one for crushing the bio degradable
waste such as plastic/ paper cups and glasses, and various other ma- III. ULTRA SONIC SENSOR
terials and the other bin is used for storing the bottles , tins etc.

The module is being designed in a such a way that, energy efficient The principle used for measurement is locating the level of
data aggregation from a large number of bins even under the harsh object by the reflected sound waves so called echo sounding.
environmental conditions (e.g., humidity, temperature, and dust) can Frequency range for measurement varies between 40 - 200
s operate significantly and is reliable and accurate. KHz, working voltage is 5V (DC) and static current is less
than 2mA. It is placed at the top of the bin so that it provides voltage drop across it also changes and by using the voltage
an exact level of the object in the bin cabin. comparator LM358 the voltage change can be sensed and
output will be generated accordingly. Sensor operates at 1.2V.
Level =Speed of sound in air x Time delay

Fig 2-Ultra Sonic sensor

VCC - 5V of power supply TRIG - Trigger pin

ECHO - Echo pin GND - to ground

Fig 5-IR sensor

Components:
1) IR pair 4 ) LM358 IC
2) LED 5) Variable resistor 10k
3) Resistor 100,10k & 330 ohm
V. ARM-7 CONTROLLER
LPC 2148 is the most widely used IC from ARM-7 family. It
is of 32 bits and has 64 pins (Port 1 and Port 2), operating
voltage range between 3.0 to 3.6 V and has operating frequen-
cy of 60 MHz It has 32 - 512 kB of on-chip flash program
memory and 8 - 40 kB of on chip static RAM, with 32 bit
timer /external counters with four capture and compare chan-
nel each. There are more number of interrupts pins available
as a results multiple functions can be performed at the same
time.

Fig 3- Ultrasonic functional block diagram

Fig 4- Timing diagram

IV. IR SENSOR
IR sensor work on the principle in which LED emits IR radia-
Fig 6- ARM-7 controller
tion and Photodiode sense that radiation. LED & Photo diode
are placed in Indirect incidence. Photodiode resistance de-
pends upon the amount of IR radiation falling on it, hence the
 VI. DC MOTOR there by preventing the overcharging of the battery and en-
sures the life of the battery.
It is an electrical machine which coverts electrical energy to
mechanical energy which is used for crushing of materials
connected to gear drive. Operating voltage at 6-10V , current
at 2.8A , no load RPM 21000 , maximum efficiency of 18520
rpm and a torque of 1.56 Kg-cm.

F = BILSinø where B = magnetic flux density, I = current ø=

angle btw B& I and L = length of conductor.
T=BILwCosœ where w=distance of armature , œ=angle btw
the plane of armature turn and plane of reference.

Fig 7-Mo-
Fig9- Charge controller
tor Torque

VII. GSM MODULE

GSM module consists of SIM800A. It requires 5V DC voltage

and current consumption of 500mA. GSM module communi-
cate with controllers via automatic command and gives the
information, once the bin is being filled to the corporation and
waste can be collected at a proper instance, avoiding the over
flow of the bin and also helps in transportation by minimis-
ing!3 the fuel consumption.

Fig10-Input/Output voltage-current waveform

Fig 8- GSM module

VIII. SOLAR PANEL & CHARGE CONTROLLER

Solar panel is being designed to absorb the sun rays as a

source of energy for generating electricity. It consists of num-
ber of photovoltaic cells in a panel according to the required
voltage, as each cell generates a voltage of about 0.5V and due
to photo voltaic effect the solar energy is been converted to
electrical energy and is been given to the battery. Charge con- Fig11-Photovoltaic module performance & battery chargin
troller module is being connected from panel to the battery
 IX. WORKING PRINCIPLE X. CONCLUSION

Urbanisation is at its rapid growth stage around the world as

The mechanism is based on the principle in which solar en-
ergy is utilised through a solar panel which intern charges
12v battery and serves the requirements. The battery will be
continuously charged and utilised. Wireless technology-en-
abled units report their status into the CLEAN (Collection,
Logistics, Efficiency and Notification system) dashboard
that gives waste management and administration insights for
monitoring and route optimisation. This units allow to col-
lect single-stream or separated recyclable materials in public
spaces.
The module mainly crushes the waste and compress them so
as to reduce the volume, thereby providing rooms for large
amount of waste. This not only reduces the space required for
placing more bins but also reduces the pollution caused by the
garbage vans by reducing the number of times of their travel.
This also helps in reduction in the consumption of fuel used
by these vehicles. Once the bin fills into a certain point the
Ultra-Sonic sensors in the module gets triggered and the
ARM7 controller is actuated.
The model basically consists of two bins. One bin is only used
to dump the biodegradable waste and the other is used for
non-biodegradable waste. This separation is made because the
follow up process for all the biodegradable waste is almost the
same, whereas when it comes to non-biodegradable waste the
recycling process for plastic, glass, metal are all different.
Moreover the non-biodegradable waste which is not advised
to be crushed.
A motor connected with crushers to crush the biodegradable
materials. First Ultra-Sonic sensor is installed in the input con-
tainer at a certain point above which the addition of waste
materials triggers the Ultra-Sonic sensor 1 and actuates the
controller which results in motor operation. Once crushing is
done the crushed waste drops down to the output container.
Second Ultra-Sonic sensor is installed at a certain point in the
output container, when the crushed particles crosses this level
then Ultra-Sonic sensor is triggered and actuates the controller
and this results in sending the information that the bin is full to
the concerned department through the GSM kit installed in
module. This the whole idea of how bin-1 is operated.
more number of people desire to live in the city lights with
more opportunities for growth and success. Cities are ex-
panding like never before to accommodate this growth and
in this process the concept of SMART CITIES came into
action. The parameters like cleanliness and hygiene are the
topic of concern in these smart cities and concrete measures
should be taken for that. Also, the growth & application of
technology should go hand in hand with the green environ-
ment, serving the betterment of people.
This work is a small but efficient step towards cleanliness and
providing people to live in a better community.
XI. APPLICATION’S
1) Controllable life cycle of waste.
2) Better public image in waste management.
3) Cleaner community to live.
4) Low labour and fuel cost.
5) Real time monitoring and communication assistance.
REFERENCES
1. Narayan Sharma, Nirman Singha, Tanmoy Dutta,
“Smart Bin Implementation for Smart Cities ’’
International Journal of Scientific & Engineering
Research, Volume 6, Issue 9, September-2015 ISSN
2229-5518
2. A. Papalambrou, D. Karadimas, J. Gialelis, A. G.
Voyiatzis
Industrial Systems Institute, “Athena” 

@isi.gr 978-1-4673-7929-8/15/$31.00 ©2015 IEEE
!

In bin-2 another third Ultra-Sonic sensor is installed at a cer-

tain point in the container, above which the Ultra Sonic sensor
is triggered and actuates the controller and this results in send-
ing the information that the bin is full to the concerned de-
partment through the GSM kit installed in module. This is
how bin-2 operates.