Name of the Experiment: Measurement of node voltages using voltmeter and mesh currents using

ammeter and comparison with theoretical results.

Objective: The objective of this experiment is to develop the skill of the students to use ammeter and
voltmeter. In this experiment students will use voltmeter to measure node voltage and ammeter to measure
the mesh currents. Finally they will compare the measured results with those of theoretical.

Equipment and Accessories:

1. Power Supply (0-30V DC).
2. Resistors.
3. Wires.
4. Ammeter.
5. Voltmeter.
6. AVO Meter.

Circuit Diagram:

Fig-1
Procedure:
1. Connect the circuit as shown in Fig-1.
2. Measure the node voltages with respect to reference node using a voltmeter and record those.
3. Verify the results with those of theoretical calculation using nodal analysis.
4. In the same circuit, measure the mesh currents using ammeter.
5. Verify the results with those of theoretical calculation using mesh current method.

Data Sheet:
Experimental Calculation:
Resistance Voltage Current
R1 = 54.40Ω V1 = 5.0v I1 = 31mA
R2 = 99.51Ω V2 = 4.0v I2 I3 = 6mA
R3 = 101.34Ω V3 = 3.5v I3 = 16mA
R4 = 216.80Ω
R5 = 216.40Ω

Theoretical Calculation:
From mesh analysis,
Mesh 1:
54.4(I1- I3) + 216.8(I1- I2) = 5
271.2I1 - 54.4I3 - 216.8I2 = 5 ……(1)
Mesh 2:
54.4(I3- I1) + 99.5I3 + 101.34(I3- I2) = 0
255.25I3 - 54.4I1 – 101.34I2 = 0 ……(2)
Mesh 2:
216.8(I2- I1) + 101.34(I2-I3) + 216.4I2 = 0
534.54I2 – 216.8I1 – 101.34I3 = 0 ……(3)
I1 = 34.6mA
I2 = 16.0mA
I3 = 13.9mA
From node analysis,
V 1−V 3 V 2−V 3 V 3
= =
100 100 200
2V1 - 2V3 + 2V2 - 2V3 = V3
2V2 – 5V3 = -10 ……(1)
And,
V 1−V 2 V 2 V 2−V
= = 3

50 200 100
-7V2 + 2V3 = -20 ……(2)
V1 = 5.0v
V2 = 3.9v
V3 = 3.5v

Error Calculation:
For current: For voltage:
37−34.6
Error For, I1 = ×100% Error For, V1 = No error
37
= 6.4%
4−3.9
Error For, I2 = No error Error For, V2 = ×100%
4
= 2.5%
19−13
Error For, I3 = ×100% Error For, V3 = No error
19
= 31.5%

Result: After comparing the theoretical & measured values we found that there are some changes with the
values. This change is occurred by instruments.

Discussion:
1. In this experiment we have learned how to measure node voltages using voltmeter and mesh currents
using ammeter.
2. We have also learned how to compare experimental and theoretical results and calculation of error
from them.
3. We connected the circuit very carefully to prevent short circuit.
4. Comparing the calculated values and the measured values it’s found that there are some difference in
the values because of different resistance otherwise internal voltage drop can cause of this.