AIR CONDITIONING: WORKING, AND TYPES

Submitted to-
Ar Umadhar Kamti

Submitted by-
Sumit Ranjan (AR/12/834)
Yuvraj Chopra (AR/12/836)
th
6 Sem.

2
 
Enthalpy 7.Classfication of air
1. What is meant by 
Entropy conditioners
“Air conditioning”? 8.Windows AC- advantages
2. Human Comfort Parts of the Window
3. Why do we need A.C.? Air Conditioners
4. Advantages and Working
Disadvantage of  the refrigeration system,

A.C.  air circulation system-

room air cycle and the hot air
5. Ideal room temperature cycle.
6. some terminology-

ventilation system,

Dry-bulb temperature  control system,

Wet-bulb temperature:  electrical protection system.
Dew point

Latent heat 9.Split or Ductless AC-

Absolute humidity advantages, parts

Relative humidity indoor and outdoor,

Specific humidity types-


Sensible heat  Wall mounted

Evaporating Cooling Floor mounted/Tower AC
Condensation Ceiling mounted/Cassette AC
Multi Split ACs
10.Central Air Conditioning
System
Advantages and disadvantages
11. Key differences between "Window",
"Split" and a "cassette" air conditioners.
12. Cooling capacity
13. Energy Efficiency
14.Energy Consumption
15.Energy Efficiency Ratio
16.Energy Saving Methods
17.Some AC brands
3

Air conditioning (often referred to as A/C or AC ) is the
process of altering the properties
of air (primarily temperature and humidity) to more
comfortable conditions, typically with the aim of
distributing the conditioned air to an occupied space to
improve thermal comfort and indoor air quality .

Air conditioning is defined as a process which cools (or
heat) , clean, circulates, freshen air, and controls its
moisture content simultaneously.

Most of the air conditioning, particularly in India and such
other countries, is about cooling : i.e. removal of heat from
an enclosed space.

In the most general sense, air conditioning can refer to any
form of technology that modifies the condition of air
(heating, cooling, (de-)humidification, cleaning, ventilation,
or air movement).

4
The four atmospheric condition which affect human comforts are-

Temperature, Humidity, Air purity & Air

movements.
 An air conditioner controls the above factors for us to achieve human comfort.
Most people (90%) are comfortable when the air temperature is between 18-22°C and the %sat is between 40-65%.

5
 In a well climatically designed building human comfort factors are controlled naturally,
that is the best solution.
 In big building/complexes it is not possible to design entire building comfortably by
natural energy sources like sun, wind, orientation etc.
 In such cases we have to take the help of mechanical mean for obtaining
comfortable conditions inside the building.
 The science & practice of creating a controlled climate in indoor space is called
Air-conditioning.
 Outside air is quite likely to be at a different condition from the required comfort zone
condition. In order to bring its condition to within the comfort zone we may need to do
one or more of the following:-heat it; cool it; dehumidify it; humidify it; or mix it.

6
Advantages:
 Increased comfort level.
 In extreme heat, air-conditioning can
be a life saver.
 Most air conditioners also reduce the Disadvantage
humidity level, which helps both comfort, 
Most air conditioners use a substantial amount of
and reduces mold growth. energy,
 Less noise as the windows will be closed 

High cost money


Contributing to pollution from power plants.

Prevents the dust entering the room as Older models contain chemicals that can damage the
the windows will be closed environment if they escape.

 Gives constant temperature 
Encourages laziness,
Habitant spending time indoors instead of out
 Attractive design 
Habitants have less contact with nature.
 Simple control 
Too cool temperatures will lead to improper blood
circulation
 Easy maintenance 
Effects the environment by releasing the cfc's.
 Easy installation
7
s. n Type of Space Summer(°C) Winter(°
C)
1. Residences, apartments, hotel and motel guest rooms , offices, conference rooms, 23–26 20–22

classrooms, courtrooms, and hospital patient rooms

2. Theaters , auditoriums, churches, chapels, synagogues, assembly halls, lobbies, and 24–27 21–22
lounge
3. Restaurants, cafeterias, and bars 22–26 20–21

4. Retail shops and supermarkets 23–27 18–20

5. Medical intensive care rooms 22–26 22–26

6. Factories and industrial shops 27–29 18–20

7. Machinery spaces, foundries, boiler shops, and garages - 10–16

8. Kitchens and laundries 24–27 18–20

8

Dry-bulb temperature:

It is the temperature of air measured by a
thermometer freely exposed to the air but shielded
from radiation and moisture.

Dry bulb temperature is the temperature that is
usually thought of as air temperature, and it is the
true thermodynamic temperature.

It is the temperature measured by a regular thermometer
exposed to the airstream.

It is the temperature shown by a dry sensing element
such as mercury in a glass tube thermometer.

This is actual temperature.

When people refer to the temperature of the air, they are
normally referring to its dry bulb temperature.

The Dry Bulb Temperature refers basically to the
ambient air temperature. It is called "Dry Bulb"
because the air temperature is indicated by a
thermometer not affected by the moisture of the air.

It is a type of temperature measurement
that reflects the physical properties of a
system with a mixture of a gas and a
vapour , usually air and water vapour .

Wet bulb temperature is the lowest
temperature that can be reached by the
evaporation of water only.

This is the temperature indicated by a
moistened thermometer bulb exposed
to the air flow.

The wet bulb temperature is always
lower than the dry bulb temperature
but will be identical with 100%
relative humidity.

This is the temperature we feel.
Wet-bulb temperature:
9
Dew point:


All pure substances in nature are able to
The dew point is a saturation temperature. change their state.

The temperature at which the air is saturated
(100% RH) and further cooling manifests in

Solids can become liquids (ice to water)
condensation from water in the air. and liquids can become gases (water to

The dew point is the temperature at which
vapor) but changes such as these require
water vapour starts to condense out of the the addition or removal of heat.

air (the temperature at which air becomes The heat that causes these changes is called
latent heat.
completely saturated). 
Heat energy added or removed as a

Above this temperature the moisture will stay in substance
the air.

If the dew-point temperature is close to the changes state, whilst temperature
dry air temperature - the relative humidity is remains constant,

high E.G. Water changing to steam at 100ƒc and

If the dew point is well below the dry air atmospheric pressure (W).
temperature - the relative humidity is low

Latent heat :
10
  Thus the relative humidity of air is a
function of both water content and
temperature.

Absolute humidity:
Absolute humidity is the total amount of
water vapour present in a given volume of air.
It does not take temperature into
consideration.

Relative humidity:
 Relative humidity (RH) is the ratio of
water contained in air at a given dry bulb
temperature, as a percentage of the
maximum amount of water that could be
held in air at that temperature.
Specific humidity: 
when an object is heated, its temperature
rises as heat is added. The increase in heat is

specific humidity is the mass of water vapour called sensible heat.

present in a unit mass of air. Similarly, when heat is removed from an

Where temperatures are high and rainfall is object and its temperature falls, the heat
excessive, the specific humidity of the air removed is also called sensible heat.


reaches high proportions. Heat that causes a change in temperature in an
This is also called “moisture content” .
object is called sensible heat.
Sensible heat gain:
11
Evaporative cooling :
Evaporative cooling produces effective
cooling by combining a natural process -
water evaporation - with a simple, reliable air-
moving system. Enthalpy:
Total heat energy, i.E. Sensible heat + latent heat.
Condensation : Specific enthalpy (kj/kg dry air).

Condensation is the change of the physical

state of matter from gaseous phase into liquid
phase, and is the reverse of evaporation.
Entropy:
Measure of total heat energy in a refrigerant
for every degree of temperature (kj/kgƒc)

12
Classification based on major function:- Classification based on season
(a) Comfort A.C.: Creating atmospheric conditions of the year:
conductive to human health, comfort & efficiency. A.C. in home, a) Winter A.C.: system: These
offices, stores, restaurants, theatres, hospitals etc. are of these systems, when properly designed &
types. installed maintain indoor atmospheric
conditions for winter comfortable,
namely temperature, humidity. Air purity
(b) Industrial A.C.: The purpose of these system is to control
& air
atmospheric conditions primarily for proper conduct of research
& manufacturing e.g. electronics & computer industries, paper movements, when outside temperature
mills, textile mills, candy factories, photo processing etc. is very cold.
b) Summer A.C.: Maintains indoor
Classification based on equipments arranged: condition comfortable when outside
a) Unitary or “packed” A.C. atmospheric conditions are not
b) Spit A.C. comfortable, but it is very hot & dry.
c) Central A.C. c) All year round A.C.: Maintains
d) Combination of above. indoor temperature comfortable
throughout the year, while outside
temperature may be very cold or hot.
13
Classification based on installation position
Windows AC Windows AC
Split or Ductless
AC Centralised • These types of AC are designed to be
AC fitted in window sills.
• A single unit of Window Air
Conditioner houses all the necessary
components, namely the compressor,
condenser, expansion valve or coil,
evaporator and cooling coil enclosed in
a single box.
• Since a window AC is a single unit, it
takes less effort to install as well as
for maintenance.
• This is the most commonly used
air conditioner for single rooms.

Advantages
•Single unit air conditioner
•Less effort needed for installation
•Costs lesser in comparison to other
varieties 14
P w
a
A
r
i
t
r
s
C
o
o
f
n
t d
h i
e t
i
W
o
i
n
n
e
d
r
o
s
 i n
T t o t
h h n o
e e e
r t
w w w
h i c o
o n a
l d n c
e o o
w b m
a e p
s a a
s i d r
e r i t
m v m
b c i e
l o d n
y n e t
d d s
o i :
f t i
 l
i
f
r
d
the n
r g o b
o m y
o s
m i
d w t
s e h h
i e e
d a
e n r
, d e r
w
h  t
o
o
i the h m
c o e
h a
u
i t h i
s d e r
o a
a
l o t i
s r s
o a
t s b l
h i s i
e d o b
c e r e
o b r
o e a
t o
e r s m
d
o i
t o d e
o m e a
c
t s a h
h
e i r
d e o
a e t
t s h
m
o a e e
s n p r
p d a
h r b
e
o a y
r
e u t
. t e a
d d n
T o
h o f i
e r r n
s o b
u s a l
l e i y
a d r
t
e i c
d n o
s n
p i d
a d i
r e t
t i
i t o
t h n
i e e
o r
n w
i a
e n s
n d s
c o e
l w m
 In the front of the window air conditioner
panel in
front of the
on the room side there is beautifully decorated window air
front panel on which the supply and return air conditioner
grills are fitted (the whole front panel itself is .
commonly called as front grill).

 The louvers fitted in the supply air grills

are adjustable so as to supply the air in desired
direction.

 There is also one opening in the grill that

allows access to the control panel or operating
15
The various parts of the
window air conditioner
can be divided into
following categories:
 the
refrigeration
system,
 air circulation system,
 ventilation system,
 control system,

 electrical
protection system.
16
The REFRIGERATION SYSTEM of the window air conditioner comprises of all the important parts of the
refrigeration cycle. These include

the compressor,

condenser,

expansion valve and


the evaporator.
The refrigerant used in most of the window air conditioners is R22.

The compressor used in the window air conditioners is hermetically sealed type, which is portable one. This compressor
has long life and it carries long warranty periods. The condenser is made up of copper tubing and it is cooled by the
atmospheric air. The condenser is covered with the fins to enable faster heat transfer rate from it.

The capillary tubing made up of various rounds of the copper coil is used as the expansion valve in the window
air conditioners. Just before the capillary there is drier filter that filters the refrigerant and also removes the

moisture particles, if present in the refrigerant.
Like condenser, the evaporator is also made up of copper tubing of number of turns and is covered with the fins.

The evaporator is also called as the cooling coil since the rooms air passes over it and gets cooled. Just in front of the
evaporator there is air filter fitted in the front panel or front grill.

As the room air is absorbed, it is first passed over the filter so that it gets filtered. The filtered air is then blown over the cooling
coil and the chilled air is passed into the room.

The refrigerant after leaving the cooling coil enters the accumulator where it is accumulated and then it is again sucked by the
compressor for recirculation over the whole cycle.
17
18
The air circulation system of the window air
conditioner comprises of the following parts.
1) Blower: This is the small blower that is fitted behind
the evaporator or cooling coil inside the assembly of the
window air conditioner system. The blower sucks the air
from the room which first passes over the air filter and
gets filtered. The air then passes over the cooling coil and
gets chilled. The blower then blows this filtered and
chilled air, which passes through the supply air
compartment inside the window air conditioner
assembly. This air is then delivered into the room from 2) Propeller fan or the condenser fan: The condenser fan
the supply air grill of the front panel. is
the forced draft type of propeller fan that sucks the atmospheric
air and blows it over the condenser. The hot refrigerant inside
the condenser gives up the heat to the atmospheric air and its
temperature reduces.
3) Fan motor: The motor inside the window air conditioner
assembly is located between the condenser and the evaporator
coil. It has double shaft on one side of which the blower is fitted
and on the other side the condenser fan is fitted. This makes the
whole assembly of the blower, the condenser fan and the motor
highly compact.
Ro
The working cy
of window air 
The air moving inside the room and in
conditioner the front part of the air conditioner where
the cooling coil is located is considered
can be to be the room air. When the window AC
explained by is started the blower starts immediately
separately and after a few seconds the compressor
considering also starts. The evaporator coil or the
cooling gets cooled as soon as the
the two compressor is started.
cycles of air: 
The blower behind the cooling coil starts
 room air sucking the room air, which is at high
cycle and temperature and also carries the dirt and
 the hot air dust particles. On its path towards the
blower, the room air first passes through
cycle.
the filter where the dirt and dust particles
from it get removed.

The air then passes over the cooling coil
where two processes occur. Firstly, Due to
this the temperature of the room air
becomes very low, that is the air becomes
chilled. Secondly, due to reduction in the
temperature of the air, relative humidity
reduces.

This air duct inside the air conditioner and it 
When the atmospheric air passes
at low
tempera
is then thrown outside the air
conditioner through the opening in
Hot air over the condenser, it absorbs the
heat from the refrigerant and its
ture and
low
the front panel or the grill. This
chilled air then enters the room and
cycle temperature increases. The
atmospheric air is already at high
humidit chills the room maintaining low

The hot air cycle temperature and after absorbing the
includes the condenser heat, its temperature
y is temperature and low humidity inside atmospheric air that is becomes even higher. Since the
sucked the room. used for cooling the temperature of this air is very high,
by the 
The cool air inside the room condenser. The this is called as hot air cycle.
blower absorbs the heat and also the condenser of the 
window air The refrigerant after getting cooled
and it moisture and so its temperature and enters the expansion valve and then
conditioner is exposed
blows it moisture content becomes high. to the external the evaporator. On the other hand,
at high This air is again sucked by the atmosphere. the hot mixes with the atmosphere
pressur blower and the cycle repeats. Some 
The propeller fan and then the fresh atmospheric air is
e. The outside air also gets mixed with this located behind the absorbed by the propeller fan and
chilled condenser sucks the blown over the condenser. This
room air. Since this air is sent back atmospheric at high
air then to the blower, it is also called as the cycle of the hot air continues.
temperature and it
passes return room air. In this way the blows the air over the
through cycle of this return air or the room condenser.

small air keeps on repeating. The refrigerant inside
the condenser is at
20 very high
temperature and it
has to be cooled to
produce the desired
cooling effect.

Temperature
Air Filter
with
The filter is a very
important part of the
AC since it cleans the
Thermostat

air before it enters the
room. For proper
functioning of the
filter it is very

important to clean it
every two weeks.

Setting the
Room 
21
The temperature
inside the room
can be set by
using the
thermostat knob
or the remote
control.
When the desired
temperature is attained
inside the room, the
thermostat stops the
compressor of the AC.
After some time when
the temperature of the air
becomes higher again,
the thermostat restarts the
compressor to produce
the cooling effect.
One should set the
thermostat at the required
temperature and not keep it
at very low temperature to
avoid high electricity bills.
 Split
AC

These are kits: of 2 units, one internal and another external.

The indoor unit installed inside a room intakes warm air and throws in
cold air.

The outdoor unit on the other hand is installed out of the house.
It contains the compressor and is linked to the internal unit via

drain pipes and electric cables.
This external unit throws out the warm air.

Split air conditioners are used for small rooms and halls, usually in
places where window air conditioners cannot be installed.
However, these days many people prefer split air conditioner units
even for places where window air conditioners can be fitted.

The split air conditioner takes up a very small space of your room,
looks aesthetically cool and makes very little noise.

Advantages
 Internal unit takes up less space for installation
Usually more silent than window ACs
 Minimally affect your home decor
 22
Can be installed in room with no windows
There are two main parts of the split air gas and partial
conditioner. These are: liquid Freon
fluid.
1) Outdoor unit:
 This unit houses important
components of the air conditioner
like the compressor, condenser coil
and also the expansion coil or
capillary tubing.
 This unit is installed outside the room
or office space which is to be cooled.

 The compressor is the

maximum noise making part of the
air conditioner, and since in the split
air conditioner, it is located outside
the room, the major source of noise
is eliminated.
In the outdoor unit there is a fan that
blows air over the condenser thus
cooling the compressed Freon gas in it.
This gas passes through the
expansion coil and gets converted into
low pressure, low temperature partial
2) Indoor unit:  The blower sucks the hot, humid
and filtered air from the room and it blows
 It is the indoor unit that produces the cooling effect inside the room or it over the cooling coil.
the office.
 As the air passes over cooling
 This is a beautiful looking tall unit usually white in color, coil its temperature reduces drastically
and also loses the excess moisture.
though these days a number of stylish models of the indoor unit are
being launched.
 The cool and dry air enters the
 The indoor unit houses the evaporator coil or the cooling coil, a long room and maintains comfortable
blower and the filter. conditions of around 25-27 degree Celsius
 After passing from the expansion coil, the chilled Freon fluid enters as per the requirements.
the cooling coil.
23
 It is generally for small rooms which can be cooled uniformly
 Wall mounted easily.
Floor mounted/Tower AC
Ceiling mounted/Cassette AC
Multi Split ACs

Wall mounted
 Wall mounted split
ACs are the most
popular.
 The indoor unit
is placed in the room
and duct cannot be
concealed.

T e also known as floor-standing air
h conditioners.
e 
Like split ACs, a tower AC set consists of 2 units-
s one internal and an external.
e 
However, the indoor unit doesn’t need wall
a
r installation. It rather occupies some space on
the floor.

Tower air conditioners usually have high cooling
capacity and suitable for very large rooms.

These are useful in rooms where you cannot
mount the AC in your wall.

These are generally more expensive than wall
mounted ACs and hence less popular for homes.

Advantages
 Suitable for high capacity cooling
 Ideal for large rooms at home and in offices
 Doesn't need windows or wall installation

Floor
mounted/Tower
AC/vertical AC
24
Ceiling mounted/Cassette AC

These space-saving ACs are shaped like cassettes and are
designed to be installed on ceilings.

The panel of these air conditioners is designed to blend with all
kinds of home décor.

They are stylish, and are known to deliver fantastic
performances.

Most cassette type air conditioners require no ducting.

They are perfect for large spaces where windows or split AC may
not reach out.

They look aesthetically beautiful as the unit is concealed,
however this needs a false ceiling.

The price for this type of AC is higher than wall mounted or
floor mounted split ACs.

These are also known as concealed ACs.

Advantages

Best at saving space

Able to cool large areas where other ACs don’t reach out

Blends with decor
25
Multi Split ACs
 Multi-splits are
multiple split ACs connected
to one outdoor unit.
The indoor units can be
used individually or at the
same time as needed if this is
supported. If both the units
are used then the capacity of
the ACs will be divided. The
fan and condenser of the
outdoor unit will be controlled
based on the signals from
indoor units.
 
This primary saves cost as
instead of 2 split ACs you can
use this type of AC.
Advantages of multi-split ACs Disadvantages of multi-split ACs
 
Saves installation space Expensive compared to a single unit

Can be used individually or split AC

simultaneously Limited range of capacities and models
 
Independent control More prone to leakage as number of
Compact Design indoor units increases

Good EER

Saves on running costs

Convenient and economical
26
Central Air Conditioning System 
 Central air conditioning is used for cooling big
buildings, houses, offices, entire hotels, gyms, movie
theaters, factories etc.

If the whole building is to be air conditioned, HVAC
engineers find that putting individual units in each of the
rooms is very expensive making this a better option.
 A central air conditioning system is comprised of a
huge compressor that has the capacity to produce hundreds
of tons of air conditioning.
 Cooling big halls, malls, huge spaces, galleries etc is usually brine solution
only feasible with central conditioning units
 central air conditioner unit is an energy moving or converted ofplant.
machines that are designed to cool or heat the entire house.
 This chilled water is pumped to various floors of the
 It does not create heat or cool. It just removes heat
from one area, where it is undesirable, to an area where it is
less significant.
 Central air conditions has a centralize duct system.
It uses Ac refrigerant (we may know it as Freon) as a
substance to absorb the heat from indoor evaporator coils and
rejects that heat to outdoor condenser coils or vice verse.
The chilled water types of central air
conditioning plants are installed in the place
where whole large buildings, shopping mall,
airport, hotel, etc, comprising of several floors are
to be air conditioned.
 While in the direct expansion type of
central air conditioning plants, refrigerant is
directly used to cool the room air; in the chilled
water plants the refrigerant first chills the water,
which in turn chills the room air.
In chilled water plants, the ordinary water or
is chilled to very low temperatures
about 6 to 8 degree Celsius by the refrigeration
building and its different parts.
 In each of these parts the air handling units
are installed, which comprise of the cooling coil,
blower and the ducts. The chilled water flows
through the cooling coil. The blower absorbs
return air from the air conditioned rooms that are
to be cooled via the ducts.
 27
Chilled Water Central Air
Conditioning
Chilled Water
Central Air
Conditioning
28
Key differences between "Window", "Split" and a "cassette" air
conditioners
AC Parameters Window AC Split AC Cassette AC
Suitable For Small rooms with a window Any room with or without a Large indoor spaces
sill
window
Noise Relatively on the higher side Minimal noise Silent operation

Capacity range 0.75 ton to 2 ton 0.8 to 2 ton 1 ton to 4 ton

Advanced features Humidity control, dust filter Humidity control, dust filter, Humidity control, dust filter,

bacteria filter bacteria filter

Interference with home decor Slight possibility to interfere
with window curtains and
drapes
Ease of installation Minimal effort required
Designer indoor units blend Barely interferes with
interior
well with wall decor decor
Indoor and outdoor units Needs specialised false

need some amount of effort ceiling

for installation
29
The cooling capacity is the most important feature of an air conditioner, this Rooms Size (Sq Tonnage
primarily defines the price of the AC. Most air conditioners are rated by tonnage. ft) Capacity
One ton is equal to 12,000 BTU per hour. The cooling capacity needed depends
on factors like:

Size of the room: The cooling capacity required depends on the area of the room
where the AC will be installed. Up to 90 sq ft 0.8 Ton

Average ambient temperature: Higher temperature of the air outisde your
house, higher is the cooling capacity needed.
 Up to 120 sq ft 1.0 Ton
Number of people: The more the people that will be in the room, the higher will
be the cooling capacity required.


Exposure: Direct exposure of any wall of the room to sun leads to higher
requirement in cooling capacity. Glass windows which let sunlight inside Up to 180 sq ft 1.5 Ton
the room also increases the need for cooling capacity.

Proximity of your room to kitchen: If the room is close to the kitchen
the cooling capacity needed would be higher due to higher temperature of Up to 220 sq ft 2.0 Ton
the kitchen.
30
Energy Efficiency  Room air conditioners range from 5,500 Btu per hour to 14,000
Btu
 Today's best air per hour.
conditioners use 30% to 50%
less energy than 1970s

 Even if your air

conditioner is only 10 years old,
you may save 20% to 40% of
your cooling energy costs by
replacing it with a newer, more
efficient model .

Energy Consumption
 Air conditioners are rated by
the number of British Thermal
Units (Btu) of heat they can remove
per hour. Another common rating
term for air conditioning size is the
"ton," which is 12,000 Btu per
hour.
Energy Efficiency Ratio  Minimize air leakage by fitting the room air
conditioner snugly into its opening and sealing gaps with a
 EER represents the amount of foam weather stripping material.
cooling an air conditioner can
provide per watt of electricity it
consumes.
 Bureau of Energy Efficiency 31
rates air conditioners on its star
rating based on EER of air
conditioners.
 Higher the EER of air
conditioner higher the star rating
it will have.
 So a 5 star rated air conditioner
provides more cooling per watt of
electricity used.
 For central air conditioners, it is
the Seasonal Energy Efficiency
Ratio, or SEER

Energy Saving Methods

 Locate the air conditioner in a
window or wall area near the
center of the room and on the
shadiest side of the house.
Some AC brands

Voltas

Samsung

Daikin

LG

Whirlpool

Vidiocon

Bluestar

Hitachi

Haier

O general

32
Thank you!

Sumit Ranjan
Architecture student
at College of Architecture, Bhaddal, Ropar ,
Email-ar.sumitranjan@gmail.com 33
www.facebook.com/sumiran46.muz