Assignment No.

01
PH. D FALL 2019

Munawar Sultan | Advanced Topics in Power |

IMPORTANT EQUATIONS
The equations for average and root mean square values of waveforms are given blow.
T
1
y av = ∫ y ( t ) dt
T 0

y rms =√ ¿

V ac =√ v 2rms −V 2DC

V rms
FF=
V DC

V ac
RF=
V DC

HALF WAVE RECTIFIRS

The circuit is shown in the figure below. When a sinusoidal waveform is applied to the circuit the
diode conducts during positive cycle of AC waveform. During negative half cycle diode doesn’t
conduct negative voltage appears.

Vm
V DC =
π

Vm
V rms =
2
 V DC
I DC =
R

V rms
I rms =
R

FULL WAVE RECTIFERS

The circuit is shown in the figure. The output waveform is the result of both positive and negative
half cycles which are shown below. The output equations are as follows:

2V m
V DC =
π

Vm
V rms =
√2
PDC
=Efficiency
P rms

SINGLE PHASE RECTIFIER WITHOUT FREEWHEELING

Negative voltage appears across the load without freewheeling diode as shown in the waveforms.

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SINGLE PHASE RECTIFIER WITH FREEWHEELING
The impact of negative voltage can be avoided by connecting a freewheeling diode in parallel
with the load as shown in the waveforms.

SINGLE-PHASE HALF-WAVE CONTROLLED RECTIFIER (RESISTIVE LOAD)

For controlled output controlled rectifier circuits are used. The variable output is achieved by
varying the delay angle or ∝ angle.

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 Vm
V DC = ( 1+cosα )
2π

Vm α sin 2 α
V rms =
2 √
1− +
2 2π

Vm
Therefore, changing the firing angle from 0 to π, the output voltage varies from to 0.
π

SINGLE-PHASE SEMI CONVERTER (HIGHLY INDUCTIVE LOAD)

The converter is shown in figure and its operating region is shown in the figure.

The output equations are given

Vm
V DC = ( 1+cosα )
2π

Vm α sin 2 α
V rms =
2 √
1− +
2 2π

2Vm
Therefore, changing the firing angle from 0 to π, the output voltage varies from to
π
0.

SINGLE-PHASE FULL CONVERTER (HIGHLY INDUCTIVE LOAD)

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The output equations for this converter are shown in the figure.

2V m
V DC = cosα
π

Vm
V rms =
√2
SINGLE-PHASE DUAL CONVERTER (HIGHLY INDUCTIVE LOAD)
Dual converters reduce the ripple factor and improve the quality of DC output voltage. The circuit
diagrams and output equations are given below.

2Vm
V DC1 = cos α 1
π

2Vm
V DC 2= cos α 2
π
Where

α 2=π−α 1

SUMMARY
The output of the converter circuit is controlled by varying the delay angle α . Freewheeling diode
prevents the appearance of negative voltage across the load. The quality of DC output and amount
of ripple is reduced by using full and dual converters.

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