STEEL AS A

STRUCTURAL
DESIGN SYSTEM
Arc 332 – Structural Design 1
HISTORICAL CONTEXT OF STEEL
▪ The first use of iron ore by humans dates back to 4000 BC.
▪ At the beginning of 1400 A.C., people learned to
strengthen iron ore.
▪ Add your third bullet point here
▪ A suspension bridge in China, the first known application of
registered steel.
▪ Wrought iron and cast iron differences.
▪ Steel was considered a luxury product until the 1800s
▪ Towards the end of the 19th century, steel began to find its
way into permanent structures.
▪ Steel structures were used as mobile housing for soldiers in
1941, after the war began called "Nissen Huts" used by the
British in World War I.
WHERE STEEL FRAME STRUCTURES ARE
USED
▪ High rise buildings because of its low weight, strength, and speed of the
construction.
▪ Industrial buildings because it can create a large span spaces at low
cost.
▪ Warehouse buildings for the same reason because it can create a large
span spaces at low cost.
▪ Residential buildings in a technique called light gauge steel
construction.
▪ Temporary Structures as these are quick to set up and remove.
 TYPES OF STEEL BUILDING
CONSTRUCTION

Conventional steel fabrication Bolt-on steel construction Light gauge steel

TYPES OF STRUCTURAL STEEL
PROS AND CONS OF BUILDING STEEL
FRAME CONSTRUCTION
Pros Cons

▪ Durability and strength ▪ Thermal Conductivity

▪ Fire resistant ▪ Reduced Flexibility on Site
▪ Resistant to insects and parasites ▪ Structures Supporting
▪ Resistance to atmospheric
agents and humidity
CASE STUDIES
Steel structures around the world
STEEL HOUSE TEXAS, USA
• Built by the American artist Robert Bruno.
• Made from 6mm hot rolled welded steel plates
bought as scrap.
• Welded by Bruno himself on site.
• Took decades in construction from 1974 to 2008
which is the year of his death.
• It has an area of 250 m² and used 110 tons of
steel which is the equivalent of 100000 kg.
• Robert used the shell of the structure as the
structural component.
• The brown colour was not intentional, it was a
result of rust and decay covering the steel over
time.
SYDNEY HARBOUR
BRIDGE SYDNEY, AUSTRALIA
• Its construction started in 1923 and ended
after 9 years of work in 1932.
• It’s the tallest steel arch bridge.
• Its steel arch spans for 504 m
• The steel used was silicon steel
• The bridge was 79% made of steel
• Six million rivets held this bridge together.
BEIJING NATIONAL
STADIUM BEIJING, CHINA
• Construction began in 2003 and opened its
doors in 2008
• It’s the largest steel structure in the world.
• Design was based on 24 trussed columns.
• During the design stage architects and
engineers faced multiple problems.
• Engineers developed a new steel grade
that met the project requirements.
• welding process was only happening during
night time
• The structure could finally stand on its own
in September 2006
THANK YOU
Done by:
Rawan Alsamairi
Aya Feras