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I. Market Scenario
Due to more relaxed quarantine restrictions, the supply chain which includes the
mobility of raw materials as well as delivery of products has become stable. Adding to
this is the resumption of most businesses and jobs making income streams for most
households generally stable. Consequently, the existence of other competitors and the
availability of reusable face masks, N95 masks and plastic face shields as alternatives
have stabilized the market for disposable face masks in terms of supply and demand
(mid-June 2020). With this, Preventu TM has determined the following demand and
supply curve for Vilter:
Where P is the corresponding market price in Php for every quantity of Vilter that the
consumers are willing to buy (Q d ), and for every quantity that Preventu TM is able to
supply (Q s ). Qd and Q s are quantities in thousand boxes where every box contains 100
disposable masks.
Similarly, the price-supply curve (Equation 2) is quadratic in nature. Since the Vilter
production line is new, the company opted to start with 70% of its full capacity, that is,
to test whether the bulk products consistently met industry and health standards, as well
as the initial target sales. With the success of the testing period, the line was tested at
85% capacity until it was running at full capacity. With the assumption that prices of raw
materials are essentially constant and are available, the varying utilization rates of the
production line affects the behavior of the supply curve. This factor was also
emphasized by Boehm and Nayar [CITATION Boe20 \n \t \l 1033 ] in which it was shown
in their paper that the non-linearity of the supply curves in most industries is affected by
the levels of capacity utilization. Supply curves are essentially flat at low levels of
capacity utilization but increasing at higher levels.
P=0.2Q 2s +0.6 Qs + 95
P=180−0.1 Q2d
(thousand boxes)
The equilibrium point or market equilibrium, where the quantity of Vilter demanded
equals the quantity supplied is at 16 thousand boxes for a market price of Php 154.70
(Calculation for the equilibrium point is in the Annexes Section). Graphically (Figure 2),
the equilibrium point is the intersection between the two curves.
The consumer’s surplus, which is the benefit enjoyed or the value derived by the
consumers from purchasing a good is Php 263,510. (Calculation for the consumer’s
surplus is in the Annexes Section). Graphically (Figure 3), the consumer’s surplus is the
area below the demand curve and the above the equilibrium price.
Consumer’s
Surplus
The producer’s surplus, which is the benefit enjoyed or the value derived by Prevento
from the transactions is Php 607,000. (Calculation for the producer’s surplus is in the
Annexes Section). Graphically (Figure 4), the producer’s surplus is the area below the
equilibrium price and above the supply curve.
Producer’s
Surplus
15.9 ~ 16
V. References
Boehm, C., & Pandalai-Nayar, N. (2020). Convex Supply Curves. National Bureau of
Economic Research.
By definition, the equilibrium point is the where the quantity demanded equals the
quantity supplied or Q d =Q s =Q which occurs at the same P. Simply, this is the
intersection between the two curves where the two equations are equal. Therefore,
By rearranging and combining similar terms in the equation, the following equation is
obtained:
Q 2 +2Q−283.33=0
Find the factors of the quadratic equation using the quadratic formula:
−b ± √ b2−4 ac
Q=
2a
−2 ± √22−4 (1)(−283.33)
Q=
2(1)
Q e =15.9 16
Pe =180−0.1 ( 15.9 )2
Pe =154 .7
Consumer’s
Surplus
P=180−0.1 Q2d
15.9
A= ∫ (25.3−0.1 Q2d ¿) d Q d ¿
0
15.9
0.1Q 3d
A=25.3Q d −
3 ]
0
P=0.2Q 2s +0.6 Q s + 95
∆ Qs
Producer’s
Surplus
15.9
A= ∫ (¿ 59. 7−0.6Q s−0.2 Q 2s ) d Q s ¿
0
15.9
0.6∗Q 2s 0.2Q3s
A=59. 7 Qs −
2
−
3 ]
0
0.6 (15.9 )2 0. 2 ( 15.9 )3 0.6 ( 0 )2 0.2 ( 0 )3
[
A= 59.7 ( 15.9 )−
2
−
3 ][
− 59.7 ( 0 )−
2
−
3 ]
A=607.00