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Roh Jaemin Essential Korean Reader
Roh Jaemin Essential Korean Reader
Essential Korean
Reader
Jaemin Roh
p.iv
and by Routledge
711 Third Avenue, New York, NY 10017
The right of Jaemin Roh to be identified as author of this work has been asserted by her in
accordance with sections 77 and 78 of the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988.
All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reprinted or reproduced or utilised in any form or by
any electronic, mechanical, or other means, now known or hereafter invented, including
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writing from the publishers.
Trademark notice: Product or corporate names may be trademarks or registered trademarks, and are
used only for identification and explanation without intent to infringe.
Contents
List of figures
Preface
Acknowledgments
Section 1
6 Seoul 서울
7 College festival 대학 축제
6 Incheon City 인천
Answer keys
Grammar index
p.vii
Figures
Section 1
1.1 미팅 전 인사
1.2 고개 숙여 인사하기
2.1 광장시장 길거리 음식
2.2 어묵
3.1 한국 친구
3.2 일기 쓰기
4.1 세배
4.2 떡국
5.1 이야기를 하면서 웃는 친구들
5.2 우스운 이야기
6.1 경복궁
6.2 한옥 마을
7.1 E 대학 캠퍼스
7.2 K 대학 캠퍼스
8.1 커피숖 알바
8.2 회사 인턴
9.1 전통 결혼식
9.2 혼인 서약서
Section 2
1.1 소나무
1.2 까치
2.1 고추장
2.2 된장찌개
2.3 메주
3.1 노래방
4.1 차례상
4.2 송편
5.1 밭갈이
6.1 인천 송도
p.viii
6.2 인천 차이나 타운
6.3 짜장면
6.4 거제 해안도로
6.5 강릉 경포대
6.6 설악산
6.7 온천
7.1 양반의 집
8.1 한국 직장
8.2 회식
9.1 한국 경찰 캐릭터
p.ix
Preface
On vocabulary
The vocabulary is generally introduced in order of appearance in the main
text. The vocabulary list is made based on word frequency and common
use.
p.x
Acknowledgments
Section 1
p.3
Pre-reading questions
1. Have you met a Korean person? If so, how did you exchange greetings?
2. Have you noticed that greeting conventions are different among
countries?
3. What is important in a greeting? What are the conventions that you
observed in Korean greetings?
Figure 1.1 미팅 전 인사
Source: © imtmphoto/Shutterstock.com.
Figure 1.2 고개 숙여 인사하기
Source: © Tom Wang/Shutterstock.com.
Reading
인사와 악수
p.4
Vocabulary
* hon. is an abbreviation for honorific.
p.5
A: “안녕하십니까?”
B: “안녕하십니까? 반갑습니다.”
b) Background: in the morning at work
A: “아침은 드셨습니까?”
B: “네, 아침 드셨습니까?”
c) Background: to boss
Boss: “안녕하세요?”
You: “네, 안녕해요.”
1) 인사: ______________
2) 반갑다: ______________
3) 직장: ______________
4) 존경하다: ______________
5) 친해지다: ______________
p.6
1) 직장 ∙ ∙a) 보통
2) 예절 ∙ ∙b) 학교
3) 아침 ∙ ∙c) 드시다
4) 대부분 ∙ ∙d) 존경
Grammar
The most common sentence ending for showing respect to the audience
while stating one’s thoughts or stating facts is [~습니다/~ㅂ니다]. [~습니
다] is used after the word that ends with a consonant except ㄹ, the past
tense modifier ~았~, and after ~겠. Use [~ㅂ니다] after the word that ends
with a vowel or ㄹ.
p.7
Grammar practice
1. Complete the sentences with using [~습니다/~ㅂ니다] endings.
1) 인사를 하다 ➔ ___________________________
2) 악수를 하다 ➔ ___________________________
3) 반갑다 ➔ ___________________________
4) 중요하다 ➔ ___________________________
5) 만들다 ➔ ___________________________
6) 드시다 ➔ ___________________________
7) 친해지다 ➔ ___________________________
1) 친해집니다 ➔ ___________________________
2) 주무십니다 ➔ ___________________________
3) 존경합니다 ➔ ___________________________
1. _____________________________________
2. _________________________________________
3. _________________________________________
4. _________________________________________
5. _________________________________________
p.10
Short writing practice 2: Using available Internet search engines and video
resources, find out more about bowing conventions in Korea. Examples
could be easily found on widely available video sharing sites such as
YouTube. One example could be a series of videos on YouTube such as a
video titled “When and how to bow in Korea.” After viewing this three
minute video, write about what you learned about bowing conventions in
Korea in five sentences. Don’t forget to write with ~습니다/~ㅂ니다
sentence endings.
1. _________________________________________
2. _________________________________________
3. _________________________________________
4. _________________________________________
5. _________________________________________
English translation
Americans or British shake hands but do not lowering their heads. But most
Koreans lower their heads and bow to greet. And while greeting, Koreans
say these phrases: “Hello, I’m glad to see you.” For Koreans, attitudes of
greeting are important. They show respect while they exchange greetings. In
the morning, they greet this way: “Have you eaten breakfast?” “Have you
slept well?” While greeting, people become friendlier with others. At school
or at work, greetings are a basic courtesy. At a Korean workplace, people
greet with both bowing and shaking hands. Please take care to remember the
Korean style greetings!
p.11
Pre-reading questions
1. Have you tried Korean food before? What kinds of food have you tried?
2. Do you know the names of any Korean dishes? List three Korean dishes
you know.
3. Is street food popular in your culture? When do you enjoy street foods?
Reading
길거리 음식
p.12
Vocabulary
p.13
Reading comprehension questions
1. Fill in the blanks with appropriate words.
1) 한국에서는 유명한 길마다 ______________ 음식이 넘쳐 납니
다.
2) 한국인이 좋아하는 길거리 음식에는 ______________,
______________, ______________ 등이 있습니다.
3) 외국인이 좋아하는 길거리 음식에는 ______________,
______________, ______________ 등이 있지요.
4) 겨울에는 따뜻한 ______________ 을 먹습니다.
1) 명동 ∙ ∙ a) 한국인
2) 간식 ∙ ∙ b) 서울
3) 계절 ∙ ∙ c) 만두
4) 외국인 ∙ ∙ d) 여름
5. Circle the following statements either true (T) or false (F) based on the
reading.
1) 외국인들은 순대, 만두 등을 좋아합니다. ( T / F )
2) 길거리 음식은 보통 주식이 아닙니다. ( T / F )
3) 남포동은 부산에 있습니다. ( T / F )
4) 다양한 길거리 음식들은 행인의 눈길을 끕니다. ( T / F )
5) 겨울에는 핫도그와 튀긴 감자를 많이 먹지요. ( T / F )
Grammar
1. [~으면/~면] : if~
[~으면/~면] is used to express the supposition “if.” Use [~으면] when you
have a preceding word ending with a consonant or [~았~] or [~겠]. Use [~
면] when you have a preceding word ending with a vowel or ending with ㄹ.
Let’s see several more examples using this fairly frequently used form!
p.15
p.16
4. [~마다]: every~
[~마다] is equivalent to the English “every” expression to indicate
something is repeating for an interval of time or space. Use [~마다] after
time units such as hours, days, years, seasons, and after space, or distance
measurements such as meters, kilometers, yards, or multiple locations such
as houses, towns, and so on. Notice that [~마다] is a particle and is attached
to the previous word, meaning there is no space between [~마다] and the
previous word.
p.17
Grammar practice
1. Combine the two sentences into one using [~으면/~면] as seen in the
example.
(example) 가다 + 언제 와?
➔ 가면 언제 와?
2. Write the following sentences into Korean using the ability expression
[~ㄹ 수 있다/~을 수 있다] as shown in the example.
➔ 갈 수 있다
1) 오다 ➔ ___________________________
2) 만들다 ➔ ___________________________
3) 먹다 ➔ ___________________________
4) 맛보다 ➔ ___________________________
5) 있다 ➔ ___________________________
(example) 가다 ➔ 가 보다
1) 먹다 ➔ ___________________________
➔ ___________________________
2) 나오다
3) 마시다 ➔ ___________________________
4) 좋아하다 ➔ ___________________________
5) 있다 ➔ ___________________________
p.18
Translation practice
Translate the following sentences into English.
Short writing practice 2: Is there any popular street food in your culture?
For example, many people eat crêpe for a snack in France or people
commonly eat some kind of meat on skewers in China on the streets. If you
walk on the streets of New York City, it is not rare to find a cart that sells hot
dogs or tacos for a quick snack on the streets. Write two kinds of street food
in your culture and describe their taste and when you would eat them in a
full sentence. You could also choose drinks as well as cold and hot snacks.
Taste:______________
When you eat:__________________
Taste:________________
When you eat:__________________
p.20
English translation
In Korea every famous street overflows with street food. Have you been to
Myeongdong or Insadong in Seoul or Nampodong in Busan? These places
are where you could taste street foods easily. The street foods that are
popular among Koreans are grilled chicken on a skewer, spicy rice cakes,
stir-fried seasoned blood sausages, sweet pancakes, and dumplings. And the
street foods that foreigners like are bread with egg filling, fried potatoes,
corn dogs, and ice cream, etc. All these various delicious food catch the eyes
of pedestrians. People usually eat street food as snacks and not as main
dishes. And there are different kinds of food which appear every season. As
for the seasonal food, they eat refreshing red bean shaved ice in summer and
warm fish cakes in winter. Please certainly try various street food when you
go to Korea!
p.21
Figure 3.1 한국 친구
Source: © Dragon Images/Shutterstock.com.
Pre-reading questions
1. Do you have many friends? Who do you call a “friend”?
2. Are loyalty and friendship highly valued in your culture?
3. Have you found that a word or a concept is sometimes difficult to
translate into another language? If so, give an example.
p.22
Reading
Vocabulary
p.23
Reading comprehension questions
1. Fill in the blanks with appropriate words.
1) 나는 ______________ 에서 자랐다.
2) 한국어에서 친구는 영어의 friend 하고 ______________ 다.
3) ______________ 는 “가깝게 오래 사귄 사람”이라는 뜻이다.
4) 난 ______________ 놀랐다.
5) 미국에서는 처음 만나도 ______________ 친구라고 한다.
6) 이제는 두 말이 작지만 ______________ 가 있다는 것을 안다.
2. Circle the following statements either true (T) or false (F) based on the
reading.
1) 한국어의 친구와 영어의 friend 는 서로 뜻이 다르다. ( T / F )
2) 난 영어와 한국어의 친구가 같은 말이라고 생각했다. ( T / F )
3) 미국에서는 가깝고 깊은 사이를 친구라고 한다. ( T / F )
4) 한국에서는 오래 사귄 사람을 친구라고 한다. ( T / F )
p.24
1) meaning : ______________
2) relationship : ______________
3) same : ______________
4) easily : ______________
5) to make friends : ______________
1) 익숙하다 : ______________
2) 오래 : ______________
3) 그렇게 : ______________
4) 자라다 : ______________
5) 가깝게 : ______________
Grammar
When you write a journal, a personal essay, or an article for the general
public such as a newspaper or public notice, use the [~는다/~ㄴ다] form
instead of the [~습니다~ㅂ니다] form because in these writings, you do
not assume an audience or a reader belongs to a specific age group. This
form [~는다/~ㄴ다] is a neutral sentence ending used mostly for present
time’s factual statements or procedures that are often seen in instructions. [~
는다/~ㄴ다] is less commonly used in a spoken form because normally
spoken form assumes a certain age group of audience. The following table
shows when to use [~는다] and when to use [~ㄴ다] with different verbs.
For past tense neutral statement, simply use past tense + [~다] form.
p.25
For present tense, adjectives do not use [~는다/~ㄴ다]. Simply end the
word with an infinitive (or dictionary) form. For the past, simply put [~다]
after the past modification.
[~으면서/~면서] is used when one is doing one action and doing another
action simultaneously. Note that when using this form, tense gets marked
only at the end of the sentence once. Use [~으면서] form after the stem
ending with a consonant and use [~면서] form after the stem ending with a
vowel form. This pattern is used most commonly for the situations when one
person is carrying out two or three different actions at the same time.
p.26
Grammar practice
1. Modify the following sentences with neutral [~는다/~ㄴ다] ending.
(example) 미국 문화에 .
➔ 미국 문화에 .
1) 한국어를 1년 동안 . ➔ ______________________
2) 단어의 뜻을 찾아 . ➔ ______________________
3) 한국에서는 그렇게 말하지 않는 것을 . ➔ ______________________
4) 내년에 한국에 . ➔ ______________________
5) 지금 막 가방을 . ➔ ______________________
2. Using the [~기 때문에] combine the two sentences to show a reason
and its outcome as shown in the example.
+
➔ 한국어를 배우기 때문에 한국에 관심이 많다
1) 깜짝 놀랐다 + 말을 못했다
➔ ______________________________________
2) 영어와 한국어가 다르다 + 한국어가 재미있다
➔ ______________________________________
3) 길거리 음식이 맛있다 + 명동에 자주 간다
➔ ______________________________________
p.27
4) 여름에 아주 덥다 + 팥빙수를 많이 먹는다
➔ ______________________________________
Translation practice
Translate the following sentences into English.
1. 나는 한국어를 배우면서 한국어에서 친구란 말이 영어의 friend하
고 비슷한 줄 알았다.
: ____________________________________
2. 미국에서는 쉽게 friend라고 하는데 한국에서는 그렇게 말하지 않
는 것을 알았다.
: ____________________________________
p.28
Short writing practice 1: Search the Internet for “표준 국어 대사전.” This
is the webpage for the Standard Korean Dictionary for Korean natives. Type
the following four words and write down the first two definitions. See how
much you understand these definitions.
1. 사랑:
1) _________________________________
2) _________________________________
2. 의리:
1) _________________________________
2) _________________________________
3. 언니:
1) _________________________________
2) _________________________________
4. 학생:
1) _________________________________
2) _________________________________
1. ________________________________________
2. ________________________________________
3. ________________________________________
4. ________________________________________
5. ________________________________________
p.29
Figure 3.2 일기 쓰기
Source: © Silatip/Shutterstock.com.
p.30
English translation
“Friend” in Korean and in English
I am more familiar with the American culture because I grew up in the US.
In Merriam-Webster dictionary a friend is “a person who you like and
enjoying being with.” While I was learning Korean I thought that the Korean
word chingu was similar to the English word friend. However, when I
looked up the word chingu in the Standard Korean Dictionary these two
words were different in meaning. In Korean, the word chingu is “a person
who made friends closely for a long time.” Namely, the Korean word chingu
has a relationship that is closer and deeper than the English word friend. I
was completely surprised. I realized that in the US, people say friend easily
but in Korea they don’t say it in that way. Now I know that although small,
these two words have differences.
(American student Jennifer’s writing)
p.31
Pre-reading questions
1. Do you have New Year’s Day celebrations in your culture?
2. What do you typically do on the day before New Year’s Day and what
do you do on the New Year’s Day?
3. Do you have a special food that you prepare for New Year’s Day?
Figure 4.1 세배
Source: © wizdata/Shutterstock.com.
Figure 4.2 떡국
Source: © wizdata/Shutterstock.com.
Reading
설날
p.32
Vocabulary
p.33
Reading comprehension questions
1. Fill in the blanks with appropriate words.
1) 마지막 날 ∙ ∙ a) 1월 1일
2) 떡국 ∙ ∙ b) 12월 31일
3) 만두 ∙ ∙ c) 돈
4) 새해 ∙ ∙ d) 한국
5) 세배 ∙ ∙ e) 중국
p.34
5. Answer the following questions in a short sentence.
Grammar
1. [~기를 바라다]: hope to~, wish~
[~기를 바라다] is used when one wishes something to happen. The Korean
grammar form [~기] equals to the English gerund [~ing], which makes a
verb a noun. Use a verb infinitive in front of [~기]. Let’s see more sentence
examples using this pattern.
Because one wishes something for the future in the present time, or already
wished something in the past to happen for the future, it is not common that
you use future tense with this expression. It can be parallel to the usages that
“I wished~” or “I wish~” is common but “I will wish~” is not too common
to say. Also, you can directly place a noun with [~을 바라다/~를 바라다]
form if you wish for a thing or an object. See the following examples how
you would use this grammar without [~기] in the construct.
p.35
2.~하고 다르다 & ~하고 비슷하다: different from~ & similar
to~
p.36
Grammar practice
1. You are wishing different things to happen. Create the following
sentences using [~기를 바라다] or [~을 바라다/~를 바라다]
expressions.
2. Let’s try to say differences and similarities between the two items. Try
writing the following English sentences into Korean.
3. Fill in the blanks with an appropriate particle chosen from the box.
이 가 께 께서
Translation practice
Translate the following sentences into English.
1. 한국 사람들은 이 날 보신각에서 종을 33번 쳤어요.
: ____________________________________
p.38
Title: 윶놀이
1. ______________________________________
2. ______________________________________
3. ______________________________________
4. ______________________________________
5. ______________________________________
Short writing practice 2: All Koreans eat rice cake beef soup on New
Year’s Day! There are several videos available on how to make this 떡국.
Watch several videos for about five to six minutes and find some of the main
ingredients common in them. Write down the ingredients and the English
translations together in the table provided below. Use available online
dictionary if you do not know the words or how to spell the words.
p.39
English translation
Reading: Seollal
How do you spend January 1st? I spent New Year’s Day for the first time in
Korea last week. They hit [rang] the bell 33 times in the Bosingak pavilion
at midnight on the last night of the year, December 31st. Koreans wish good
luck for the new year while listening to this bell sound. Also I ate tteokguk
in the morning, and while you’re eating white tteokguk, you become one
more year older. But in China we eat different food from Korea. In China,
we eat dumplings instead of tteokguk. However, amazingly, there is a very
similar custom between Korea and China. It is the Sebae (deep bow for the
New Year’s Day)! Children either in Korea or in China bow to the adults and
receive a cash gift. So this day is the day they become the richest. I was
stunned after seeing [realizing] that there is a similar custom in Korea just
like China.
(An essay from a Chinese student, Wei)
p.40
Pre-reading questions
1. Do you know any funny stories? Do you often make others laugh during
a conversation?
2. What kind of humors do you have in your culture?
3. Can you tell a famous funny fable for the future generations?
Reading
재미있는 한국말 농담
Vocabulary
p.42
Reading comprehension questions
1. Fill in the blanks with appropriate words.
1) 할아버지가 제일 좋아하시는 돈은 _____________ 다.
2) 아이스크림이 교통사고를 _____________. 왜?
3) 아이스크림이 “차갑다”는 말하고 “차가 온다”는 말하고
_____________ 같네!
4) 응, 한국말 유머가 참 재밌는데? 나도 배워서 _____________!
Grammar
1. [~으니까/~니까]: because~
➔ 참 재미있네.
p.45
1) 코트를 ∙ ∙ a) 당했을까?
2) 한국어를 ∙ ∙ b) 입을까?
3) 교통사고를 ∙ ∙ c) 배울까?
4) 아이스크림이 ∙ ∙ d) 차가울까?
5. Connect the phrases that would make the most sense when put together.
p.46
Translation practice
Translate the following sentences into English.
Short writing practice 1: Do you have any jokes or funny stories that you
tell your friends for fun? Write two short jokes that are using animals or silly
people that you would want to tell to others in Korean.
Joke 1:
_____________________________________
_____________________________________
Joke 2:
_____________________________________
_____________________________________
(Translation)
p.48
English translation
Friend: What is the money that the grandfather likes the most?
I: Well, what could it be?
Friend: Hal-money (the grandmother).
I: Hahaha, it is funny. It is a humor that mixes English and
Korean, right? Beause it has the Korean “hal” and the English
“money” all in the word “halmoney.”
Friend: Yeah, sure thing. Then how about this? Ice cream got into a
traffic accident. Why?
I: Ice cream got into a traffic accident?
Friend: Yeah. If you ask me the reason . . . “cha-ga waseo.”
I: Hahaha! The sound that the ice cream is “cold” and the
expression “car is coming” are the same sound!
Friend: That’s right! Isn’t it fun?
I: Yeah. I see that the Korean jokes are actually fun! I should
learn and use them!
p.49
Chapter 6 Seoul 서울
Pre-reading questions
1. What is the capital city of your country? Do you know the history of
your country’s capital city?
2. Have you been to Seoul or seen Seoul in movies or dramas? Tell us
what you know about Seoul.
3. What are common scenes and artifacts that you see in a historic district
in your country?
Reading
p.50
서울
Vocabulary
p.51
p.52
2. Circle the following statements either true (T) or false (F) based on the
reading.
1) 서울에는 전체 인구의1/5이 살고 있습니다. ( T / F )
2) 서울의 중심은 지금 왕이 살고 있는 경복궁과 광화문 광장입니
다. ( T / F )
3) 서울의 야경은 신촌, 대학로, 홍대 앞으로 가서 즐깁니다. ( T / F
)
4) 한류 스타에 관심이 있는 사람들은 강남역으로 갑니다. ( T / F )
5) 명동, 동대문, 남대문은 쇼핑으로 유명합니다. ( T / F )
1) capital : ______________
2) population : ______________
3) palace : ______________
4) close : ______________
5) especially : ______________
4. Connect the words that are semantically related.
1) 카페 · ∙ a) 대학로
2) 유행 · ∙ b) 커피
3) 공연 · ∙ c) 북촌
4) 인사동 · ∙ d) 패션
5) 한옥 마을 · · e) 전통차
p.53
Grammar
Adverbs like 특히, 또, and 하지만 are sentence level adverbs that are
applied to the content of the entire sentence. This means that these adverbs
are not confined to modify one word or a phrase but rather to modify a
whole sentence. All sentence connectors such as 하지만 (however), 그리고
(and), 그러나 (but), 그래서 (therefore), and 그렇지만 (although) are in this
category. It is essential to use them appropriately to gain a logical flow in the
passage and well-organized structure in a paragraph. The following list is of
commonly used sentence level adverbs. They are often located in the
beginning of the sentence.
2. [~고 싶다]: want to~, like to~
[~고 싶다] is equal to “want to~” or “like to~” showing one’s desire to do
certain actions. It is a fairly common expression in daily life situations. Use
a verb infinitive in front of the [~고 싶다] pattern and modify the tense on
the verb 싶다 for varying past, present, and future tense expressions.
p.55
[~은], [~는], and [~ㄴ] are used to make adjective forms in front of a noun.
Use [~은] when you have adjective stem that ends with a consonant except
ㄹ sound. Use [~는] when you have verb stems or the expression of
existence or non-existence [있다/없다]. Use [~ㄴ] when you have adjective
stems that end with a vowel or adjective stems that end with ㄹ or with
copular [이다/아니다]. Let’s see their usage examples in the table.
p.56
Grammar practice
1. Choose the most appropriate adverb from the box and complete the
following description.
그래서 특히 하지만 또 설마
관광객들은 남대문과 동대문에서 쇼핑을 하고 남산에 있는 N타워
에 올라가 서울의 야경을 구경합니다. 1) ______________ 대학 문
화를 맛보고 싶은 사람들은 신촌이나 대학로로 가서 공연을 즐기
고 멋진 카페에 가 봅니다. 2) ____________ 전통적인 한국을 체험
해 보고 싶은 분들은 북촌 한옥 마을을 구경하고 난 후 인사동에서
전통 음식을 음미할 수도 있습니다. 3) ______________ 한류 스타
에 관심이 있으면 압구정동으로 이동합니다.
2. Using [~고 싶다] write the phrase as in the English cues in parenthesis.
1) 서울에 꼭 __________________ (want to go).
2) 신사동에서 디자이너 패션 매장을 __________________ (want
to look around).
3) 여러분은 어디를 먼저 __________________ (want to encounter)?
4) 동대문에서 멋진 옷들을 좀 __________________ (wanted to
buy).
5) 마이클이 아마 강남역에서 클럽 문화도 좀 __________________
(will want to enjoy).
p.57
5. Underline one incorrect word in the sentence and write it correctly next
to the sentence.
1) 관광객들은 보통 저녁에는 홍대 앞으로 가서 각종 공연을 즐기
고 재미있은 구경도 합니다.
2) 전통적이는 한국을 체험해 보고 싶은 분들은 한옥 마을에 갑니
다.
3) 압구정동은 한류 스타들을 만나보은 곳입니다.
Translation practice
Translate the following sentences into English.
1. _________________________________
2. _________________________________
3. _________________________________
4. _________________________________
5. _________________________________
Short writing practice 2: What is the name of your country’s capital city?
Find information about your country’s capital city and write about the
following information: its population, places to see, places to shop, foods to
eat, and historic places to visit.
p.58
안녕하세요? 제 이름은 ________________________ 입니다.
인구는
_________________________________________________________
__________ 입니다.
________________________________
역사적인 곳은 _________________________________________
p.59
English translation
Reading: Seoul
Pre-reading questions
1. Do you have a memorable on-campus event that you remember or
participated in? What was the event?
2. Do you know that Korean colleges often have a three-to-four-day-long
festival on campus? Have you seen or been to any of the college campus
festivals?
3. There are many campus events in each semester. What do you enjoy the
most among the various campus events? Why?
Figure 7.1 E 대학 캠퍼스
Source: © Pius Lee/Shutterstock.com.
Figure 7.2 K 대학 캠퍼스
Source: © qingqing/Shutterstock.com.
p.61
Reading
대학 축제
Vocabulary
p.62
p.63
2. Circle the following statements either true (T) or false (F) based on the
reading.
1) 캠퍼스 안에서 학생들이 만든 순대, 과일차 등 맛있는 음식을 팔
았습니다. ( T / F )
2) K 대학 캠퍼스 축제에는 인디 밴드 공연은 없었습니다. ( T / F )
3) 공부를 안 해서 대학 축제에서 스트레스가 더 많아졌습니다. ( T
/F)
4) 친구하고 같이 여러나라 음식을 다 먹어 봤습니다. ( T / F )
5) 다음에는 우리 나라의 음식도 만들어 팔고 싶습니다. ( T / F )
1) to experience : ______________
2) college festival : ______________
3) to be meaningful : ______________
4) Brazil : ______________
5) one’s own country : ______________
6) to participate in : ______________
p.64
4. Connect the words that are semantically related.
1) 동시에 · · a) 공연
2) 인디 밴드 · · b) 행사
3) 요리 대회 · · c) 떡꼬치
4) 팔다 · · d) 사다
5) 음식 축제 · · e) 같이
Grammar
[~아 지다/~어 지다] is used for expressing (1) a change of condition or (2)
how one changes to become a certain way. Following the “vowel harmony”
rules in Korean, use [~아 지다] if the vowel of the last syllable of verbs or
adjectives is [ㅏ] or [ㅗ]. Use [~어 지다] when the vowel of the last syllable
of verbs or adjectives is not [ㅏ] or [ㅗ]. The verb [하다] is irregular. Use [~
해 지다] for the [하다] verb modification. [~아 지다/~어 지다] is
essentially a passive voice construction. This means that there is no
grammatical object in the sentence with [~아 지다/~어 지다]. Use a subject
particle only in a sentence with [~아 지다/~어 지다].
p.66
[~다 보니] is used when there is one ongoing action and there is another
action that occurs after some time has passed. The second action happens
when the first action was still progressing. The first action is not necessarily
a cause of what has ensued after that, but in many cases the first action is
implied to have influenced the second. The preceding situation could be a
condition (adjectives) or an action (verbs).
3. [~아서/~어서]: stating a reason
[~아서/~어서] has two functions in connecting two sentences: (1) use [~아
서/~어서] when one action or condition happens after another action or
condition (“continuous actions” as in “go fishing”) or (2) use when one
action or condition in the first sentence is a cause of the second action or
condition. In this chapter, we will focus on practicing the function (2),
stating a cause-and-effect relation. It could be loosely translated into because
or so in English depending on the context. Following the vowel harmony
rule in Korean, use [~아서] after the verb or adjective stem that ends with
vowel [ㅏ] or [ㅗ] and use [~어서] for all other vowels.
Grammar practice
1. Complete the sentences as in the examples using [~아 지다/~어 지다]
pattern.
2. Complete the sentences using [~다 보니] with the English cues in
parenthesis.
p.67
5. Fill out the following table with appropriate modifications using [~아
지다] or [~어 지다].
p.68
Translation practice
Translate the following sentences into English.
Day 1: ________________________________________
Day 2: ________________________________________
Day 3: ________________________________________
Day 4: ________________________________________
p.69
1. _________________________________
2. _________________________________
3. _________________________________
4. _________________________________
5. _________________________________
p.70
English translation
I went to the E college festival last week. Various kinds of events were
taking place for three days on campus. First of all, together they mixed a big
bibimbop bowl with enough that 300 students could eat simultaneously and
performances of musical bands and a student cooking competition took place
in succession. Students sold their own delicious foods such as sweet and
spicy rice cake skewers, blood sausage and fruit teas on campus. And the art
college students sold their own postcard creations and handmade fans.
Again, invited by my friend, I went to the K college festival yesterday.
Here I watched Indie band performances, played watergun games, and
watched the e-Sports games live. I had been stressed out a while due to
studying, as I participated in the festival, I felt better and better. On the other
side, international college students brought out their country’s proud objects
and introduced them and carried out a foreigner food festival. Here I tried
eating foods from India, China, Mongolia, Vietnam, Brazil, Uganda, Japan,
and the Phillipines.
Two festivals in two colleges were a good time for me to experience
college culture in Korea. And it was more fun and meaningful because I
enjoyed them with my friends. I would like to participate in more college
festivals next year. I would like to make and sell my (our) country’s food and
play more fun games!
p.71
Pre-reading questions
1. Have you ever worked as a part-timer at a shop or at a company? Tell us
about your experience or someone else’s if you know any story.
2. What kind of a part-time job do you want to take if you have an
opportunity? Why?
3. What are popular part-time jobs in your country?
Figure 8.1 커피숖 알바
Source: © XiXinXing/Shutterstock.com.
Figure 8.2 회사 인턴
Source: © imtmphotoShutterstock.com.
p.72
Reading
인기있는 아르바이트, 알바
Vocabulary
p.73
p.74
p.75
2. Circle the following statements either true (T) or false (F) based on the
reading.
1) 9월에는 쇼핑철을 맞이해 스키장 알바를 찾아 본다. ( T / F )
2) 스키장 알바는 12월에서 1월에 찾아 본다. ( T / F )
3) 아르바이트는 모바일 앱 등을 이용해 지원하면 빠르다. ( T / F )
4) 4월은 예식장 아르바이트나 공사장 단순 노무 아르바이트가 많
다. ( T / F )
5) 여름에는 수상 안전 요원이나 물놀이 강사 등의 아르바이트가
많다. ( T / F )
1) midday : ______________
2) to search for : ______________
3) seasonal : ______________
4) to welcome : ______________
5) to be lucrative : ______________
6) sweltering : ______________
Grammar
[~으므로/~므로] is used for describing one clause as the reason for another,
close to the English connector “because~.” [~으므로/~므로] sometimes
provides a speaker’s beliefs with sources, justifications or reasonable
assumptions. Notice that [~으므로/~므로] cannot be used in connection to
giving suggestions or giving orders to someone. To make a suggestion or an
order after stating a reason, use [~으니까/~니까] instead. See the
comparisons of correct and incorrect examples for the proper usage in the
table.
p.76
There are different occasions that you should use [~으므로] and [~므로].
Let’s take a look at the following occasions and sentence examples shown in
the table.
3. [~겠~]: would~
Like the English expression “would,” or sometimes “will,” [~겠~] is used to
say (1) one’s intention, (2) willingness, (3) expectations for near future, and
(4) polite and mild-mannered expressions. Place a verb and subject honorific
(if applicable) before [~겠~], and place a sentence ending after [~겠~] to
complete a sentence. There will be always preceding and following words
before and after [~겠~]. Let’s see some examples of each usage of [~겠~].
p.78
Grammar practice
1. Combine the two sentences using [~으므로/~므로] as in the example.
4. Choose the appropriate word from the box and complete the sentences.
매일 매학기 매주 매월
p.80
5. Underline one incorrect word in the sentence and write it correctly next
to the sentence.
p.81
Translation practice
Translate the following sentences into English.
Short writing practice 1: Let’s search and learn about popular Korean part-
time job recruiting websites. Examples of popular sites may include “알바천
국 alba.co.kr” or “알바몬 albamon.com.” Or, any other available part-time
job sites are OK for you to try.
Let’s say that we choose “알바천국” website. Type “알바 천국 청소년
채용관” (Alba Heaven Youth Hiring Center) in the search box and read
some of the part-time job postings recruiting high school students. Get a
good sense of what the available jobs are for high school students in Korea.
Now, if you get a good sense about the job postings, let’s write about the
information that you found in Korean. Choose three different kinds of part-
time job postings that you found interesting and write about them. (You
could choose other available website to find other part-time job information
in Korea.)
Website name: _______________________________________
Title: _____________________________________
1. ________________________________
2. ________________________________
3. ________________________________
4. ________________________________
5. ________________________________
6. ________________________________
p.83
English translation
In Korea different part-time jobs (so called, “alba”) are popular in each
month. In January popular part-time positions are the end of year tax
calculation helper, in February Valentines’ Day or graduation event helper,
in March nearby school restaurants offer part-time jobs that high school or
college students can work for longer through the semester, and in April, as
the wedding ceremonies increase, wedding hall part-time jobs are increased
and also many manual labor type work at construction sites are common. In
May when elementary, middle, and high school students carry out many
outdoor activities part-time experiential studies (field trips) instructors are
popular, and in June public office or corporate intern opportunities are
offered, and in sweltery July and August there are popular part-time jobs that
are related to people’s vacation events such as jet ski water sports instructors
or lifeguards in swimming pools. Also, in the metropolitan city’s
midsummer time people avoid sweltery midday time and many citizens go
out at night and this is the time when they use nighttime theater, nighttime
coffe shop, or 24-hour shops. So the part-time jobs that are offered in these
places are popular. In September, welcoming in the big shopping season, it is
lucrative to work as a 1–2 week long department store sales clerk. It is
recommended that you check ski resort part-time jobs during October and
November. This is the time when the ski resorts try to secure staff to manage
the upcoming season, so you should look for it in advance. In December
strong part-time jobs are the sales staff for Christmas and event staff for the
year-end and beginning year parties. Because all these jobs are seasonal and
time sensitive, the recruiting ads are frequently available and the job posts
fill up quickly, it would be helpful to use mobile apps to check available
information frequently and apply in real time for the jobs that you are
interested in.
p.84
Pre-reading questions
1. Do you know where your name came from?
2. Do women in your country change their names after marriage? What is
the general perception about changing their names?
3. Is naming a child important in your culture? Do people place a meaning
in naming their children?
Figure 9.1 전통 결혼식
Source: © STUDIO JH/Shutterstock.com.
Reading
Vocabulary
p.87
p.88
p.89
2. Circle the following statements either true (T) or false (F) based on the
reading.
1) 영국, 미국, 그리고 스페인에서 여자들이 결혼하면서 남편의 성
으로 바꾸는 전통이 있습니다. ( T / F )
2) 현대 사회에서는 여성의 이름이 하나의 사회적 브랜드가 되었
습니다. ( T / F )
3) 현대 사회에서 여성의 정체성은 주로 가정에서 형성됩니다. ( T
/F)
4) 한국에서는 이름을 부모님께서 주신 귀한 것이라고 생각합니
다. ( T / F )
5) 현대 한국에서는 이름을 직접 부르는 것을 꺼리는 문화는 볼 수
없습니다. ( T / F )
1) 해석하다 · · a) 이름 부르다
2) 무례하다 · · b) 존재감
3) 귀중하다 · · c) 이름
4) 정체성 · · d) 여기다
5) 인식되다 · · e) 의미
Grammar
p.91
Grammar practice
1. Combine the two sentences using [~지만] as in the example.
2. Complete the sentences using [~어 있다/~아 있다] with the English
translations particularly paying attention to the italics.
1) Students are remaining sitting in the classroom.
: 학생들이 교실에 _______________습니다.
2) My roommate went and is remaining in Busan.
: 룸메이트는 부산에 _______________습니다.
3) It is regarded as a taboo to call an adult’s name thoughtlessly.
: 어른들의 이름을 함부로 부르는 것이 금기시 _______________
습니다.
4) The audience is standing with excitement.
: 관중들이 흥분해서 _______________네요.
5) Because it is Sunday, stores are closed.
p.93
1) ____________________ 길 좀 묻겠습니다.
2) 다른 가게에 가서 보시면 ____________________ 여기가 제일
쌉니다.
p.94
3) 한 가족이 __________________ 이름을 남편의 성으로 바꾸는
걸 한국 여자들은 상상할 수 없습니다.
4) 보통 부장님이라고 ____________________ 가끔 김윤식 부장님
이라고 이름을 다 부를 때도 있습니다.
5) 한국에서는 이름을 부르면 ____________________ 미국에서는
이름을 안 부르면 오히려 어색하다고 생각한다.
Translation practice
Translate the following sentences into English.
Short writing practice 1: Do you usually call your boss by name? If you
do, do you call his or her name by the first name or by the last name? Or, do
you have different calling terms for the people who are in a higher position
or older instead of calling them directly by their names? Tell us what kind of
calling terms and conventions that you have in your culture in various
situations. Write four sentences about how you would call someone
including each of the concepts in the box.
• older male/female boss;
• friend’s mother/father;
• stranger on the street, adult male/female;
• waiter/waitress at a family restaurant.
1. ________________________________
2. ________________________________
3. ________________________________
4. ________________________________
p.96
Short writing practice 2: Are you from a country where women change
their family names after marriage or are you from a country where women
do not change their names throughout their lives? Either way, how do people
think in your country about changing women’s names? Also, how do people
think about changing names in general? Is it allowed to change a person’s
name? Why do you think some people change their names? Write three
sentences about name changing including women’s name change and name
changing in general. Provide some examples of the cases where people
change their names.
1. ________________________________
2. ________________________________
3. ________________________________
Short writing practice 3: Are there any job fields in your culture where
women or men tend to work more dominantly than the other gender? For
example, in Korea, nursing positions are usually filled up with women.
Name a few common workplaces where women or men are more dominant
in the field. Use available online dictionary to find Korean vocabulary for
these jobs.
p.97
English translation
On the other hand, there are countries that women traditionally do not
change their family names. Including Korea, these countries are Iran, Saudi
Arabia, Vietnam, Greece, Spain, Belgium, Malaysia, and China, and so on.
There would be different reasons for each country why they do not change
their family names. The reason in Korea is that Koreans regard that their
names are preciously given from their parents following the Confucious
ideal. In Korea names have been recognized as very precious so it is taboo to
call out peoples’ names thoughtlessly. This tradition continues today so
usually adults’ names are not called out thoughtlessly and people call adults
by their social roles. Namely, if you assume that there is a person Kim Yoon
Sik, the general manager, Koreans do not call this person directly as Mr.
Kim Yoon Sik or Mr. Yoon Sik, instead they call him as the general manager
or general manager Kim. In the same context, when women marry and have
children, from that time they play a role of mother thus most people call the
woman mother of so and so. In other words, if Ms. Yi Hyeon Suk marries
and gives a birth to a child Pak Yoobin, Yi Hyeon Suk is called often as
Yoobin’s mother from then on. It is not that someone tries to disregard this
woman’s presence, rather, it is better interpreted that in Korea people
historically tended to avoid directly calling someone’s name and this culture
still remains strongly. In fact, some people think that calling adults names
directly is a rude action. One can say that it is the interesting part of the
Korean culture that no one changes their names after the marriage yet
nobody calls the precious name itself directly either.
p.99
Section 2
p.101
Pre-reading questions
1. Did you know Koreans have a special tree that they love and admire?
2. Do you know what people’s perceptions are on ravens, crows, and
magpies in different cultures?
3. Do you have a representative tree or a representative bird in your
country? Do you know what they represent about your country?
Reading
소나무와 까치
Vocabulary
p.103
Reading comprehension questions
1. Fill in the blanks with appropriate words.
1) 각 나라마다 그 나라를 대표하는 ______________ 들이 있습니
다.
2) ______________ 은/는 겨울에도 잎의 색깔이 변하지 않는 나
무를 말합니다.
3) 소나무는 집을 짓는데 쓰이고 또 ________________이나 송화
가루는 약재로 쓰이는 등 쓰임이 많습니다.
4) 까치는 ______________이라서 과일, 곡식, 곤충이나 작은 물
고기 등을 먹고 삽니다.
5) 미국에서 권력의 상징은 ______________ 입니다. 미국 대통령
의 인장에도 그려져 있습니다.
p.104
2. Circle the following statements either true (T) or false (F) based on the
reading.
1) 소나무는 단단해서 집을 짓는데 많이 쓰였습니다. ( T / F )
2) 소나무는 가을이 되면 단풍이 들어 잎이 떨어집니다. ( T / F )
3) 미국의 대표적인 새는 까치와 흰머리 독수리입니다. ( T / F )
4) 미국인은 돈을 중요하게 생각해서 떡갈나무를 상징으로 생각
합니다. ( T / F )
5) 까치는 사람을 알아보는 영리한 새입니다. ( T / F )
1) to appear : ______________
2) green or blue color : ______________
3) to represent : ______________
4) grain : ______________
5) be contained : ______________
6) be unfamiliar : ______________
Grammar
Except for the copular [이다/아니다], use [~다고] pattern for all other
verbs. To express your opinions and thoughts, write the statement and
connect it to the sentence connector [~는다고] or [~ㄴ다고]. Use [~는다
고] after the consonant ending verb stem except stems which end with [ㄹ].
Use [~ㄴ다고] after the vowel or [ㄹ] ending verb stem. Let’s see some
examples of “think that~” expression with different verbs.
p.106
2. Adverbial [~게]
Attaching [~게] at the end of some adjectives will make the adjectives
adverbs. See examples of this adjective-to-adverb change.
Most adjectives that end with [~적이다] do not change into adverbs by
attaching [~게]. Typically, this group of adjectives attach [~으로] after [~
적] at the end to become adverbs.
3. Passive construct [~이]
Some verbs use [~이] to make a passive voice. Let’s look at some examples
using this construct.
p.107
It will be helpful to keep in mind that active voice and passive voice would
typically use the following word order and grammatical patterns in a
sentence. Notice that the object in the active sentence disappears in the
passive formation. In the passive formation, there is often just a subject of
the sentence present.
There are other forms of passive constructs such as [~히, ~리, ~기, ...]
depending on the verb but we will focus practicing one more passive
construct with [~히] in this lesson as [~히] is commonly used. Let’s take a
look at some passive construct examples of [~히].
Grammar practice
1. Combine the two sentences into one as seen in the example.
1) 예쁘다 : ________________
2) 상징적이다 : ________________
3) 중요하다 : ________________
4) 세계적이다 : ________________
5) 낯설다 : ________________
Translation practice
Translate the following sentences into English.
p.109
1. _________________________________
2. _________________________________
3. _________________________________
4. _________________________________
5. _________________________________
6. _________________________________
p.110
7. _________________________________
8. _________________________________
9. _________________________________
10. _________________________________
Short writing practice 2: Do you know any folktales in your culture that
use an animal as a main character? Write three animal characters that you
know from folktales and briefly describe how they are perceived in the
folktales (examples: rabbit, tiger, mouse, hawk, turtle, frog, pig, ant,
grasshopper, dragon, phoenix, etc.).
1. 동물: ________________________________________
성격: ________________________________________
2. 동물: ________________________________________
성격: ________________________________________
3. 동물: ________________________________________
성격: ________________________________________
English translation
Each country has symbols that represent the country. They are often animals
or plants and Koreans think among many trees, particularly the pine tree is a
representative tree of Korea. Pine trees are found anywhere in Korea so for
Koreans they are very familiar trees. Straightly grown pine trees are firm
thus since the olden days they were used to build houses. Pine trees have
various uses, such as the resin, sap of the pine, and pine tree pollen are used
for medicinal purposes even today. Because pine trees are evergreen trees
that do not change the color of leaves in winter, in olden times, Koreans
thought that pine trees were unchanging and loyal trees of integrity.
If one says that the pine is a Korean tree, the representative Korean bird is
a magpie. There is this old saying that “when the magpie cries, there comes a
welcome guest.” This is actually because magpies see (recognize) unfamiliar
faces and cry out. Thus, often in folktales, the magpie appears as an image of
a smart bird.
Meanwhile, there is a representative tree and a bird in the United States.
The oak tree is a symbol of the US and the bald eagle is the representative
bird of the US. The oak tree is a familiar tree that is easily found in
anywhere in the US. This tree has lush leaves and grows healthily so it
became the tree that Americans love. The bald white eagle symbolizes
power. The bald white eagle is portrayed in the American presidential
emblem and one can find the bald eagle also on quarter coins.
p.111
Pre-reading questions
1. Do you enjoy the foods that went through a fermentation process? Talk
about fermented foods such as yogurt, beer, cheese, sauerkraut, kimchi,
or doenjang.
2. Have you tried doenjang and gochujang in Korean cuisine? Did you
taste special flavor in them?
3. Do you have any traditional food in your culture? Do you have any
traditional food that has gone through a fermentation process?
Figure 2.3 메주
Source: © gjohnstonphoto/depositphotos.com.
p.113
Reading
된장과 고추장
Vocabulary
p.114
p.115
2. Circle the following statements either true (T) or false (F) based on the
reading.
1) 된장으로는 비빔밥을 만듭니다. ( T / F )
2) 된장을 슬로푸드라고 하는 사람도 있습니다. ( T / F )
3) 고추장은 고추 가루, 찹쌀, 그리고 메주 가루를 섞어 만듭니
다. ( T / F )
4) 된장은 발효 음식이라서 지속적으로 먹으면 암에 걸립니다. (
T/F)
5) 된장으로 떡볶이와 비빔 냉면을 만듭니다. ( T / F )
p.116
3. What are the following words in Korean?
1) additionally : ______________
2) to ferment : ______________
3) to hang : ______________
4) seasoning sauce : ______________
5) research : ______________
6) to put in : ______________
4. Connect the words that are semantically related.
1) 된장 ∙ ·a) 간장
2) 소금 ∙ ·b) 발효
3) 맵다 ∙ ·c) 슬로 푸드
4) 건강 ∙ ·d) 고추장
5) 메주 ∙ ·e) 예방
Grammar
p.118
Translation practice
Translate the following sentences into English.
Short writing practice 1: 떡볶이 is primarily made with 고추장 and is one
of the most popular national snacks in Korea. Find an available video clip on
YouTube by typing the search term “의정부 떡볶이.” Watch the video for
four to five minutes and think about the content of the video. Write (1) a
short description of the video, (2) what kinds of food you see, (3) how
people eat 떡볶이, and (4) how people interact with each other. Write the
responses for each of the topics (1) to (4) below.
1. 짧은 설명
1) _________________________________
2) _________________________________
3) _________________________________
4) _________________________________
2. 본 음식들
5) _________________________________
6) _________________________________
7) _________________________________
1. 음식: _____________________________________
맛: ____________________________________
p.122
언제: ____________________________________
2. 음식: ______________________________________
맛: ____________________________________
언제: ____________________________________
English translation
The basis of Korean cuisine is jang. Doenjang, ganjang, and gochujang are
common food for Koreans that they eat every day. For example, with
duenjang they make doenjang jjigae soup, with ganjang they make various
seasoning sauces, and with gochujang they make the delicious bibimbap rice
bowl. Jang is made from meju, which is boiled and fermented soybeans, this
meju is shaped like a brick and is hung outdoors for a month or two for
going through the aging process. After aging, well ripened Meju is mixed
with salt and soy sauce and is let to age for another month or two, then later
this becomes doenjang. Because it takes a long time to make doenjang some
people call doenjang “slow food.” Slow food is an antonym to the word “fast
food” which is harmful to one’s health, and these days there is a movement
to eat more slow food.
Soy sauce and gochujang, both used frequently in Korean cuisine, are all
made out of meju. Gochujang is especially loved by many Koreans who like
spicy foods. In fall one can often see the scenes of drying hot peppers at
farmhouses in Korea. After drying the hot peppers, the peppers are ground
into hot pepper flakes, and you make gochujang by putting sweet sticky rice
and dried meju flour into this hot pepper flake mixture. Gochujang is an
important ingredient for various spicy Korean foods, such as, spicy pork
bulgogi, bibim naengmyeon (spicy cold noodles), and tteokbokgi (spicy rice
cake snack).
Recently there has been news about doenjang that it is good for one’s
health. Because doenjang is made out of soybeans and because it is
fermented food abundant with proteins, the research states that if one
continues to eat doenjang that it could even prevent cancer. Additonally,
lecithin contained in doenjang is known to improve brain functions.
Doenjang that is good for body, how about making a dish with a healthy
food like doenjang tonight?
p.124
Pre-reading questions
1. Have you seen jjimjilbang in Korean drama or variety show programs?
Do you know why people use this place?
2. Is public bathing practiced in your culture? Do you enjoy a public bath,
a public sauna, or a spa parlor?
3. Do you like to sing? When do you sing in your culture? Name three
occasions.
한국의 “방” 문화
p.126
Vocabulary
p.127
Reading comprehension questions
1. Fill in the blanks with appropriate words.
1) 한국에 온 외국인들은 한국에 수많은 ______________ 이/가
있는 것을 보고 놀랍니다.
2) 만화방에서는 ______________ 을/를 빌려 볼 수 있습니다.
3) 어린 아이부터 나이가 많은 노인들까지 즐겨서 갈 수 있는 곳
은 ______________ 입니다.
p.128
4) 찜질방은 다른 사람들과 함께 ______________ 쉴 수 있는 따
뜻한 공간입니다.
5) 찜질방은 사람들과 만나서 음식을 먹고 이야기도 하는 동네
______________ 구실을 하게 되었습니다.
6) 한국인들이 가장 많이, 그리고 가장 흔하게 가는 방은
______________ 입니다.
7) 노래방은 원래 ______________ 에서 시작되어 <가라오케>라
고 불렸습니다.
2. Circle the following statements either true (T) or false (F) based on the
reading.
1) 찜질방이 독특하고 재미밌는 문화이지만 한국인들만 즐깁니다.
(T/F)
2) 찜질방에서는 음료수는 먹지만 음식은 먹지 않습니다. ( T / F )
3) 2000년대 이후 대중목욕탕에서 찜질방으로 바뀌었습니다. ( T /
F)
4) 주말에 저녁 식사 후 노래를 부르면서 스트레스를 풉니다. ( T /
F)
5) 한국 사람들은 노래방에서만 노래를 부릅니다. ( T / F )
1) to be peculiar : ______________
2) to appear : ______________
3) to be surprised : ______________
4) in reality : ______________
5) grafted : ______________
6) originally : ______________
Grammar
[~게 되다] indicates one condition is changing into a new condition. Its
literal translation is close to “it has become into~.” Sometimes, it is more
natural to translate this pattern into “it turned out that~.” There could be
either a verb or an adjective located in front of [~게 되다]. Let’s see more
examples and learn how we could use this pattern in Korean sentences.
Grammar practice
p.131
1. Connect the two or three sentences into one using [~도 ~고 ~도 ~고] as
shown in the example.
+
➔ 까치는 똑똑하므로 사람의 얼굴을 잘 기억합니다
Translation practice
Translate the following sentences into English.
...
1. ____________________________________
2. ____________________________________
3. ____________________________________
4. ____________________________________
5. ____________________________________
6. ____________________________________
7. ____________________________________
8. ____________________________________
9. ____________________________________
1. ____________________________________
2. ____________________________________
3. ____________________________________
4. ____________________________________
5. ____________________________________
6. ____________________________________
Introduction
1. ____________________________________
2. ____________________________________
Main body
3. ____________________________________
4. ____________________________________
5. ____________________________________
Conclusion
7. ____________________________________
English translation
p.135
p.136
It is often the case that foreigners who visited Korea for the first time or
ethnic Korean people who did not grow up in Korea are totally surprised to
observe so many “bangs.” In Korea, there are many bangs such as video
bang (video room), jjimjilbang (sauna), PC bang (computer room), norae
bang (karaoke room), manhwa bang (comic book room), and so on. In a
video bang, people rent and watch videos, in a PC bang people use
computers or play internet games, in a norae bang people sing songs, and in
a manhwa bang people can borrow comic books and read. Among so many
such bangs, jjimjilbang is a place where everyone from young children to
elderly can go and enjoy. Jjimjilbang began to be popular rapidly since the
2000s and now it became a place for multi-leisure and cultural life, found in
any town, where everybody can easily locate and visit. In reality, because
jjimjilbang is a peculiar and interesting space in Korea’s own culture, it is an
attraction for tourist routes for foreigners. In the jjimjilbang, Koreans bathe,
casually chat with family members or friends, watch TV, and eat simple
foods such as hard-boiled eggs or rice drinks, jjimjilbang is a warm space
where you rest comfortably with others. You can see in jjimjilbang that
everyone who enters into the public sauna and sits together soon begin
casual chatting with others. In fact, there were public baths in Korea even
before the 2000s. But at that time most facilities are built simply for a bath
and there was no variety of interesting facilities like there is now. After the
2000s, since the new title was born from “public bath” to “jjimjilbang” (hot
steaming room) the public bath was no longer a bath-only place but it
became a place with functions such as meeting people and chatting, as well
as eating snacks, namely, it took a role of a town’s guesthouse. There is a
reason why the jjimjilbang culture could rapidly spread out. Jjimjilbang is a
recreated space grafting the traditionally preferred radiant heat floor
construction and the preexisting concept of a guesthouse in a modern style.
In other words, jjimjilbang is a paradigm shift from the various exisiting
traditional cultural elements into a modern cultural space.
Additionally, for Koreans one of the most often and commonly visited
places is the norae bang. People say that Koreans enjoy singing and dancing,
it is evidenced by the numbers of norae bang. After a dinner meal on the
weekends, friends and family members sing songs at norae bangs and relieve
stress, enjoy drinks, and spend fun time. There is a history for norae bang.
Originally it was called “karaoke” and started in Japan but after entering into
Korea in the 1990s it gradually gained popularity and the name changed into
“norae bang.” Koreans sing songs often in daily life and practice the songs
they will sing at the norae bang.
p.137
Pre-reading questions
1. Do you have a fall festival in your culture? What is its name and how do
you celebrate it?
2. Do you have a special food that you eat in seasonal celebrations?
3. Do you have a game you play during the time of the seasonal
celebrations? Which of these games do you enjoy the most?
Reading
추석
p.138
p.139
Vocabulary
p.140
p.141
Reading comprehension questions
1. Fill in the blanks with appropriate words.
1) 추석은 “ ______________”라고 부르기도 했습니다.
2) 한국의 대표적인 명절 중 가을에 있는 명절이 ______________
입니다.
3) 한국의 주요 산업은 ______________ 이었습니다.
4) 추석 전에 우선 ______________ 을/를 하고 조상에게 인사를
드립니다.
5) ______________ 은/는 새로 수확한 쌀가루로 만듭니다.
6) 추석 아침에 가족들이 모두 모여 ______________ 을/를 드립
니다.
7) ______________ 은/는 가을의 계절 식품으로 국을 만들어 차
례상에 꼭 올립니다.
8) “강강수월래”라는 노래를 부르며 _____________ 들이 추석 밤
에 노래를 하면서 돕니다.
9) 추석은 _______________ 이/가 심해도 즐거운 얼굴로 부모님
들과 친척들을 만나는 명절입니다.
2. Circle the following statements either true (T) or false (F) based on the
reading.
1) 한국은 전통적으로 농경이 주요 산업이었습니다. ( T / F )
2) 성묘를 하는 날 차례상을 차려 조상들에게 드립니다. ( T / F )
3) 송편은 일 년에 두 번 추석과 설날에 만듭니다. ( T / F )
4) 추석에는 일 년 중 가장 밝은 보름달이 뜹니다. ( T / F )
5) 추석은 가족들이 오래간만에 만나는 중요한 명절입니다. ( T /
F)
1) to gaze : ______________
2) with a great effort : ______________
3) to steam : ______________
4) cooked rice : ______________
5) to accomplish : ______________
6) hometown : ______________
p.142
Grammar
p.143
[Verb + ~도록 하다] pattern is used when you make sure that an action
(verb) happen. This is commonly used for mild commands but it does not
always function as a command. This form is sometimes used in a
description. Let’s see some examples of both functions.
Grammar practice
1. Combine the two sentences into one using [~어서/~아서] as seen in the
example.
2. Combine the given words using [~는 것] and complete the sentences as
shown in the example.
3. Write the following sentences in Korean. Use the construct [~는 것].
1) It is a joy to harvest new grains.
➔ _____________________________________
2) Seongmyo is (the action that) families pull out the weeds from the
ancestors’ grave.
➔ _____________________________________
3) It is important that one speaks Korean well.
➔ _____________________________________
Translation practice
Translate the following sentences into English.
p.147
3. Why do you think only women danced under the moon on Chuseok
night? (two sentences)
_________________________________
_________________________________
1. ________________________________
2. ________________________________
p.148
3. ________________________________
4. ________________________________
5. ________________________________
가 ...
6. ________________________________
7. ________________________________
8. ________________________________
9. ________________________________
10. ________________________________
English translation
Chuseok is still the celebratory day when people go visiting their families
and relatives at their hometown for most Koreans. Every highway overflows
with cars on the way to go home and there are traffic jams, but everyone
returns home with gifts in hand and smiles on their faces. Chuseok
originated from celebrating the joy of harvest in the farming culture, but now
it has become an important seasonal celebration when the families who live
apart get together after a long time having been separated.
p.150
Pre-reading questions
1. Do you know any folktale that has an ox or a cow? How are they
portrayed in the story?
2. Do you know an interesting story associated with a famous historic
figure?
3. Can you tell a fable for the next generations?
누렁소와 검정소
p.152
Vocabulary
p.153
p.154
Reading comprehension questions
1. Fill in the blanks with appropriate words.
1) 황희 정승은 조선 시대에 여러 유명한 ______________ 중 한
분입니다.
2) 황희 정승은 가난한 시기에도 남의 ______________ 을/를 보
지 않고 떳떳하게 살았다고 합니다.
3) 마음씨 좋은 황희 정승은 ______________ 세 가까이 살았습니
다.
4) 늙은 농부가 ______________ 한 마리와 ______________ 을/를
데리고 밭을 갈고 있었습니다.
5) 농부는 황희에게 다가와서 작은 목소리로 ______________ 는
것이었습니다.
6) 검정소는 일을 하기 싫어해서 ______________ 도 잘 피우지
요.
7) 농부가 황희에게 그 이유를 ______________. (explained)
8) 자신을 ______________ 생각한다는 것을 알면 아무리 하찮은
동물이라도 섭섭하여 어찌 일을 할 맛이 나겠습니까?
9) 황희는 누구에게나 따뜻한 마음으로 상대방을 위해
______________ 을/를 하게 되었다고 합니다.
2. Circle the following statements either true (T) or false (F) based on the
reading.
1) 황희 정승은 매사에 정직하게 일을 처리하고 관대한 성격이었
습니다. ( T / F )
2) 황희는 종의 아이들이 수염을 잡아 당겼을 때 소리를 쳤습니
다. ( T / F )
3) 늙은 농부는 다른 사람을 배려하는 사람입니다. ( T / F )
p.155
4) 황희는 누렁소와 검정소를 데리고 길가에서 쟁기질을 했습니
다. ( T / F )
5) 농부는 황희에게 “나리”라고 불렀습니다. ( T / F )
Grammar
p.156
Note that [~으로/~로] is not followed by any major case particles such as
[이], [가], [을], [를], etc.
[Verb past + ~던] expresses something which happened in the past but the
condition or the event is no longer sustained. It is similar to the English
expression [used to + verb]. At times [verb past + ~던] is just marking things
which already happened in the past and the action was completed.
p.157
Grammar practice
1. Fill in the blanks with appropriate forms chosen from the box.
~ ~ ~ ~ ~
2. Combine the verb and the noun using [~자는대로] and complete the
sentences as shown in the example.
5. Underline one incorrect word in the sentences and write it correctly next
to the sentence.
1) 거기 데리고 있는 두 개의 소 중 어떤 소가 일을 더 잘 하오?
2) 검정소는 일을 하고 싫어해서 게으름도 잘 피우지요.
3) 늙은 농부가 쟁기질을 멈추면서 황희가 있는 길가로 다가왔습
니다.
4) .
5) 황희가 농부가 장난을 치는 곳으로 생각하고 한 마디 더 물어
보았습니다.
Translation practice
Translate the following sentences into English.
p.159
When expressing someone’s age, use the Korean native number system
followed by the age counter [살]. An exception is saying the age twenty (=
twenty years old) that it drops [ㄹ] sound from 스물. In all other counting
ages in the twenties from 21, 22, 23 . . . are regular numbers so the [ㄹ] is
put back.
Short writing practice 1: Find an available video clip on YouTube by using
the search term “한국의 위인 황희” and watch it for about three minutes.
There will be animated videos portraying anecdotes of 황희 that includes a
similar story to 누렁소와 검정소. There are some similarities and
differences in the video from what we read in our main reading text. What
are the similarities and differences? Write your observations in two
sentences in each space in the following chart.
p.160
1. ____________________________________
2. ____________________________________
p.161
1. ____________________________________
2. ____________________________________
3. ____________________________________
4. ____________________________________
5. ____________________________________
6. ____________________________________
7. ____________________________________
8. ____________________________________
English translation
p.162
Among the famous ministers of the Choseon era, one especially familiar
figure is Minister Hwanghi. In spite of the fact that Hwanghi stayed in his
post as many as 30 years, he was generous to everyone and executed his job
assignments with honesty. Also it is said that Hwanghi lived a dignified life
even when he was poor and he was not concerned with other people’s
opinions. He helped out farming with pride and just laughed when his
servants’ children pulled Hwanghi’s beard by saying “Ah, you’re hurting
me! It’s hurting!” and just laughed heartily. Hwanghi who had such a heart
of gold lived to nearly 90 years old and there are a lot of his anecdotes
known to us. The story that we will tell from now on is one of the anecdotes
when he was about 20 years old.
One day, young Hwanghi was walking on the countryside road. Then,
there was an old farmer plowing the field with two oxen, one is a yellow ox
and the other was a black ox. Hwanghi who had a great curiosity suddenly
wondered so he cried out loud asking to the famer.
“Hello old man, between the two oxen you are accompanying, which one
does work better?”
Soon the old farmer stopped his plowing and approached Hwanghi on the
sidewalk where Hwanghi stood. After that the old farmer whispered to
Hwanghi’s ears quietly.
“The yellow ox works better. The black ox dislikes working and is lazy.”
The farmer said to Hwanghi carefully. Hwanghi felt funny about this
farmer who approached all the way to him to just say the answer ever so
quietly so he asked again.
“Well, my old man, why do you say in such a soft voice?”
After that the farmer explained the reason to Hwanghi.
“Pray, you’re saying such a thing because you don’t know it well. Even
the animals like oxen, they don’t like to be compared to each other while
they are working together.”
Hwanghi definitely thought the old farmer was playing tricks on him and
asked one more question.
“Oh my, how in the world do you think the animals comprehend human
language?”
The famer again answered to Hwanghi’s question.
“Even to animals like oxen, when the owner says sad things about them,
eventually they realize the truth about the owner. If the animal realizes that
he is thought to be useless by his own owner, how would he have a good
feeling in working for the owner? I should be thankful when I speak of the
animals because these animals worked so hard following my directions as I
commanded them, I should be careful with even bringing up a word.”
Hwanghi at that moment had an epiphany of the old farmer’s wisdom.
After that, Hwanghi changed his mind and treated everyone with warmth
and treated others considerately.
p.163
Pre-reading questions
1. Which city is your favorite city? Do you have a city where you have a
special memory?
2. Do you have a traditional market in your culture? What do they sell
there?
3. Do you know about the Korean War? Tell us about what you know
about the Korean War.
Figure 6.1 인천 송도
Source: © joon2079/Pixabay.com.
Figure 6.2 인천 차이나 타운
Source: © Jaelim Roh.
p.164
Reading
인천
Vocabulary
p.166
p.167
2. Circle the following statements either true (T) or false (F) based on the
reading.
1) 인천의 인구는 약 3천만 명 정도입니다. ( T / F )
2) 인천에서는 중국 사람들이 사투리를 좀 씁니다. ( T / F )
3) 인천은 바다의 경치나 해산물을 좋아하는 사람들이 좋아합니
다. ( T / F )
4) 강화도, 백령도, 덕적도 등은 인천의 섬입니다. ( T / F )
5) 해안 관광 순환 버스는 싸고 편안합니다. ( T / F )
1) experience : ______________
2) to be comfortable : ______________
3) to arrive : ______________
4) seashore : ______________
5) definitely : ______________
6) to develop : ______________
p.168
Grammar
[~뿐만이 아니다] is used when you want to make an emphasis on the fact.
Usually other examples or further explanations follow after using this
expression. Similarly, its adverbial form [~뿐만 아니라] is used commonly
in the sentences as well, which means “besides, moreover, or in addition.”
Let’s see examples for both the expressions.
p.170
Grammar practice
1. Write a short description of the following places with [~에 위치해 있
다].
1) London is located in the South East of England.
➔ _____________________________________
2) Kwangwamun is located in the center of Seoul.
➔ _____________________________________
3) Jejudo is an island located to the South of Korea.
➔ _____________________________________
6. Underline one incorrect word in the sentences and write it correctly next
to the sentence.
1) 슬픔을 느끼는 건 위안부 할머니뿐 아니다.
2) 이뿐만입니다. 다른 것도 구경할 곳이 많습니다.
3) 운동뿐만 건강식을 아니라 챙겨 먹는 것이 중요하다.
4) 등산은 남자들뿐만 아니라 여자들도 뿐이다.
Translation practice
Translate the following sentences into English.
p.172
2. 인천의 말은 서울의 말과 비슷해서 그 지역의 사투리를 별로 느
낄 수 없습니다.
: ____________________________________
iggy74/depositphotos.com.
Figure 6.7 온천
Source: ©
leungchopan/depositphotos.com.
p.173
Write about the photos of your chosen place first. Then introduce your
own country’s famous tourist attraction.
계절: ___________________
유명한 관광지: ___________________________
사진에서 보이는 것:
_________________________________________
_________________________________________
그리고 우리 나라에도 아름다운 관광지가 있습니다.
__________________ 에 (season) ______________로 (location) 여행
을 합니다. _____________________ 는 . . .
_________________________________________
_________________________________________
_________________________________________
_________________________________________
1. ________________________________
2. ________________________________
3. ________________________________
4. ________________________________
5. ________________________________
p.175
6. ________________________________
7. ________________________________
8. ________________________________
9. ________________________________
10. ________________________________
English translation
Reading: Incheon City
Many people who visit Korea arrive first at Incheon International Airport.
Incheon Airport is a distance of 50 minutes by Direct Airport Train from
Seoul Station, which is located in the center of Seoul, the capital of South
Korea. By Airport Limousine Bus, it takes about one hour and a half from
Incheon Airport to Seoul. Incheon is a city that is located in the midwest
coastal region and it is the third most populous city in Korea. According to
the census research from 2014, there are 3 million people living in Incheon
including foreigners. Incheon’s dialect is similar to that of Seoul’s so you
don’t really feel the regional dialect.
p.176
Pre-reading questions
1. Do you have people in your culture who prefer studying overseas to
studying domestically?
2. Have you heard that Koreans place education as a priority for their
children? What do you know about Koreans’ education practice?
3. What do you regard as an important value in your culture? (For
example, education, equality, economic growth, peace, stability,
religion.) Talk about the important value of your culture.
교육의 중요성
p.178
p.179
Vocabulary
p.180
p.181
2. Circle the following statements either true (T) or false (F) based on the
reading.
1) 미국, 영국, 아일랜드 등 영어가 모국어인 사람들이 한국에서
영어를 가르칩니다. ( T / F )
2) 한국은 섬이라서 이전부터 무역을 통해 다른 나라들과의 교류
가 잦았습니다. ( T / F )
3) 조선 시대에는 과거 시험이 확장되고 다양해졌습니다. ( T / F )
4) 미국에서 중요하게 생각하는 가치는 종교입니다. ( T / F )
5) 한국에서 존경받는 직업은 교육자입니다. ( T / F )
1) to be close : ______________
2) looks : ______________
3) to acknowledge : ______________
4) religion : ______________
5) value : ______________
6) to succeed : ______________
1) 외국어 ∙ a) 조선
2) 과거 ∙ b) 평등
3) 미국가치 ∙ c) 반도국
4) 인정 ∙ d) 취직
5) 교류 ∙ e) 존경
p.182
Grammar
p.184
Grammar practice
1. Choose the correct form between [~ㄹ 수록] and [~을 수록] for the
given verbs, then combine the two as shown in the example.
(example) 가다 ➔ 갈 수록
1) 자다 ➔ ____________________
2) 먹다 ➔ ____________________
3) 생각하다 ➔ ____________________
4) 되다 ➔ ____________________
5) 입다 ➔ ____________________
6) 가치이다 ➔ ____________________
2. Connect the verbs on the left column with the correct grammar patterns
on the right. You may connect multiple verbs to the same grammar
pattern.
p.185
p.186
6. Underline one incorrect word in the sentences and write the correct form
next to the sentence.
1) 성공하고 권력을 가지려면 좋은 성적을 내어 했습니다.
2) 높은 연봉은 받지 안더라도 교육자는 존경받는 직업입니다.
3) 한국은 반도국이라서 무역을 통해 다른 나라들과 교류를 잦았
습니다.
4) 알고 보기 위해서 한국인들은 옛날부터 교육을 중요한 가치로
생각해 왔습 니다.
Translation practice
Translate the following sentences into English.
p.187
가치: ___________________
왜 중요합니까?
_____________________________________
_____________________________________
_____________________________________
_____________________________________
_____________________________________
_____________________________________
_____________________________________
_____________________________________
비디오에서 본 것:
p.188
1. ________________________________
2. ________________________________
3. ________________________________
4. ________________________________
우리 나라의 대학 시험:
5. ________________________________
6. ________________________________
7. ________________________________
8. ________________________________
9. ________________________________
10. ________________________________
English translation
American, English, Irish, and Australian young people who use English as
their mother tongue came to Korea to participate in the program to teach
English. It is due to the Korea’s English education fervor. Because Korea is a
peninsula, it has traded with other countries frequently since long ago.
Therefore, the universal language of English has become more important as
the time went by. Especially, there are many people who study foreign
languages such as Chinese, English, or Japanese to get a good job in a good
company. It is important to graduate from a better college in order to get a
position in a good company, but it has become also important to receive
good grades from the foreign language tests.
However, if you know it, the fact that Koreans regard education as an
important value is not a sudden occurrence today. Beginning from the Silla
Dynasty, there was the test called “Guageo” especially since the time of the
Goryeo Dynasty, people who wished to succeed and wanted to have a power
in the government, must have had to take this government exam “Guageo”
and yield a good grade from it to succeed and gain power. Later in the
Joseon era this government exam has expanded and became more diverse.
This is a historical example showing how the test scores have been important
to Koreans. Of course the education fervor is not always a good thing. Some
people point out that the reason why Koreans now have a low birth rate is
due to the burdensome private tuitions.
In fact there are values that each country thinks important. For example, in
Saudi Arabia, religion is an important value so they reflect the value of the
Islamic World in their daily lives. In addition, countries like the US, regard
equality as an important value thus relationships between the rich and the
poor, or the men and the women, are all equal, so it is important to behave in
this way in your social life. In Korea such representative value is education.
If you receive a good education and you enter into a good college you easily
acquire a job compared to those who did not do so, and also other people
acknowledge this person as basically a diligent person. And even though
educators are not paid highly, for many Koreans an educator is still a
respectable vocation. The reason why education or grades have become such
an important value of Korean society is closely related to the long history of
Korean’s “Guageo” system.
p.189
Pre-reading questions
1. Do you have workplace etiquette that you share between co-workers?
What are they?
2. Do you use different manners when treating elders? Do you have a
culture of respecting elders?
3. Tell us the nature of the relationship between a boss and a subordinate at
a workplace in your culture. What actions are allowed and what are not
allowed between the boss and the subordinate?
Figure 8.1 한국 직장
Source: © Unsplash/Pixabay.com.
Figure 8.2 회식
Source: © shalamov/depositphotos.com.
Reading
직장에서의 예의 범절
p.192
Vocabulary
p.193
p.194
Reading comprehension questions
1. Fill in the blanks with appropriate words.
1) 한국어를 사용할 때 상대방에 따라서 ______________ 와/과 반
말을 골라서 사용하는 것이 중요합니다.
2) 한국에서는 대체로 윗사람과 아랫사람이라는 사회
___________ 이/가 존재합니다.
3) 한국 사회의 질서는 나이의 차이나 _____________ 위치에 기인
합니다.
4) 상사에게 늘 ______________ 을/를 숙여 인사하고 서류도 두 손
으로 드립니다.
5) 직장 상사들의 의무는 부하 직원들을 ______________ 배려해
주는 것입니다.
6) 한국에서는 상사와 부하 직원의 ______________ 이/가 서양에
서보다 가깝다는 근본적인 문화의 차이가 있습니다.
7) 한국 회사에서 ______________ 은/는 보통 직장 동료들과 같이
먹는데 이 때를 통해 동료들과 친해집니다.
8) 직장 동료와 같이 먹는 저녁과 모임을 _____________ 이라고 하
는데 이 때는 사회적으로 중요한 때입니다. 여기에 참석하여 같
이 _______________ 것이 예의입니다.
2. Circle the following statements either true (T) or false (F) based on the
reading.
1) 한국어에서는 존대말과 반말부터 골라야 상대방과 말을 할 수
있습니다. ( T / F )
2) 한국에서는 대체로 윗사람과 아랫사람이라는 사회 질서가 존재
합니다. ( T / F )
3) 한국의 직장에서 상사와 부하 직원이 모두 똑같이 일합니다. ( T
/F)
4) 부하 직원이 회식 자리에 안 가도 별로 문제가 없습니다. ( T / F
)
5) 회식은 한국에서 없어져야 할 나쁜 관습입니다. ( T / F )
1) to exchange : ______________
2) etiquette, manners : ______________
3) to socialize with : ______________
4) the West : ______________
5) to be promoted : ______________
6) custom : ______________
p.195
4. Connect the words that are semantically related.
1) 존대말 · ·a) 상사
2) 음식값 · ·b) 타다
3) 커피 · ·c) 참석하다
4) 회식 · ·d) 어울리다
5) 동료 · ·e) 반말
p.196
[~ㄹ 뿐더러] is used when you add information on top of the original
information that you stated. If the information in the first clause is positive,
the following information accompanying with [~ㄹ 뿐더러] is also positive.
If the information in the first clause is negative, the following information
accompanying with [~ㄹ 뿐더러] is also negative.
3. [~거나] = option, choice
Grammar practice
1. Complete the following sentences using [~을 때마다/~ㄹ 때마다] as
shown in the example.
p.197
4. Choose the appropriate verb from the box and complete the sentences.
Modify the verb if necessary.
5. Underline one incorrect word in the sentences and write it correctly next
to the sentence.
1) 아이디어도 교환하고 여러가지 개인적인 생각을 같이 나눌니
다.
2) 존대말을 잘 존재하는 것이 상당히 중요하다는 것을 잘 알고 있
습니다.
3) 상사들은 나이도 많을 뿐으로 사회적으로도 높은 지위에 있습
니다.
4) 커피도 싸 드리고 잔심부름도 해 드리는 게 한국의 사회적인 관
습입니다.
Translation practice
Translate the following sentences into English.
1. 일본:
_________________________________
2. 중국:
_________________________________
3. 캐나다:
_________________________________
4. 벨기에:
_________________________________
5. 한국:
_________________________________
6. 이탈리아:
_________________________________
Short writing practice 2: The basics of social order and many customs that
Korean society follows are often set according to the age and the social
status of people. Do you have such a general social order in your culture?
What are they and how do people behave accordingly? Write about your
society’s norms and examples. Present your work in front of others and
answer the questions.
p.200
기본적인 사회 질서:
1. ________________________________
2. ________________________________
3. ________________________________
4. ________________________________
5. ________________________________
6. ________________________________
7. ________________________________
p.201
Short writing practice 3: What are the most important manners to maintain
in your country that everyone abides by? Introduce one and explain why
keeping these manners are important. Write six sentences about this topic.
지켜야 할 예절
1. ________________________________
2. ________________________________
왜 중요한지?
3. ________________________________
4. ________________________________
5. ________________________________
6. ________________________________
English translation
p.202
Pre-reading questions
1. What are the kinds of compliments that you would want to receive?
2. Have you seen cartoon characters on road signs or billboards? Where
did you see them?
3. When do you compliment other people? What are the words and
expressions that you use to compliment others?
Reading
두 종류의 칭찬
p.205
Vocabulary
p.206
p.207
2. Circle the following statements either true (T) or false (F) based on the
reading.
1) 한국에서 애교라는 말은 어린 아이와 젊은 여자들에게만 씁니
다. ( T / F )
2) 서양인들이 한국에 오면 경찰의 만화 마스코트를 보고 놀랍니
다. ( T / F )
3) 한국에서는 도로 표지에도 귀여운 마스코트를 씁니다. ( T / F )
4) 정부는 시민들에게 권위적으로 접근하는 게 사실입니다. ( T / F
)
5) 서양 여자들은 아름답다는 말을 가장 좋아합니다. ( T / F )
p.208
Grammar
p.209
3. Transitional phrases: 그래서, 그대신, 이렇게, 이와 달리,
또
p.210
Grammar practice
1. Complete the following sentences using [~ㄴ/~은/~는 면이 있다] as
shown in the example. Modify the verbs if necessary.
3. Complete the sentences with a transitional phrase chosen from the box.
그리고 그런데 그래서 반대로 또한
5. Choose the appropriate verb from the box and complete the sentences.
Modify the verb if necessary.
6. Underline one incorrect word in the sentences and write it correctly next
to the sentence.
1) 잘 생각해 보면 모두가 ‘귀엽다’는 범주에 들어 나가는 표현들
입니다.
2) 귀엽다는 말은 주로 어린 아이이나 젊은 여자들에게 쓰는 표현
입니다.
3) 서양인들인 한국에 오면 재미있는 광경을 거리 곳곳에서 접할
수 있습니다.
p.212
4) 만화 캐릭터가 안내하는 도로 표지를 공공 장소에 존재하고 있
습니다.
Translation practice
Translate the following sentences into English.
1. ________________________________
2. ________________________________
3. ________________________________
p.213
4. ________________________________
5. ________________________________
여자한테 하는 칭찬:
p.214
남자한테 하는 칭찬:
Short writing practice 3: Public signs in Korea sometimes use cartoon
characters and cute graphics to inform the Korean public. How do public
signs look in your culture? Do they have only letters or do they have
graphics with letters? Explain three common designs of the public signs in
your culture with some examples.
1. ____________________________________
2. ____________________________________
3. ____________________________________
4. ____________________________________
5. ____________________________________
English translation
Koreans often say “cute” or “acting cute” when they compliment someone.
The expression “you have a lot of aegyo” refers to someone who acts cute
with a child’s voice and makes cute gestures. You can see a lot of cartoon
characters or cute emoji expressions used together with the letters on the
street signs, or public signs of caution in Korea which, if you think about
them, these expressions also fall into the category of “cute.” The intention is
to communicate through “cuteness.” Unlike this, in the sphere of Western
culture, the expression “cute” has meanings of “young,” “innocent,” or
“pretty.” Thus if you use this word to a professional adult, it is difficult to be
perceived as a compliment; moreover, some may even receive it offensively.
Instead, the expressions that adult professionals like to hear would be “able”
or “reliable.” With this background, when Westerners go to Korea they can
encounter interesting scenes here and there on the streets. In Korea it is
common to see the cartoon-drawn street signs, cute store signs, and even the
cute cartoon mascot of police appear everywhere. However, one cannot
easily imagine a cute cartoon character being a symbol of an American
police force. Also, in human relations, you can see that people use the
expression “you have a lot of aegyo” to compliment others, so foreigners
may feel strange about it.
p.215
The reason why people who are cute and “having aegyo” are welcome and
cute cartoon characters are guiding the road on the signs is because Koreans
prefer giving compliments or expressing themselves indirectly rather than
directly. In Korea, usually the indirect way of speech is more common than
the direct way of speech in human relations or verbal expressions. The
Korean government also wanted to approach its citizens with cute cartoon
charters to create familiarity rather than being authoritative. Particularly,
with the start of the local self-governing system since 1995, officials in each
local civil office started putting an effort of being closer to their citizens.
Now the citizens elect the government officials directly, so the officials are
trying to gain popularity by putting forward the images of being cute and
being familiar to the public.
Also in the relationship between men and women, women who act with a
lot of aegyo usually are more popular among Korean men. In fact, a woman
who shows a lot of aegyo express the intention that she wants to be closer to
the person she is showing it to. This is definitely a different value from
Western women who regard the expression “you are beautiful” as the most
desirable compliment.
p.216
Answer keys
Section 1, Chapter 1
1. 1) 고개 2) 악수 3) 존경하는 4) 기본
2. c
3. 1) greetings 2) to be glad 3) workplace 4) to respect 5) to
become friendly
4. 1)-b) 2)-d) 3)-c) 4)-a)
Translation practice
p.217
Section 1, Chapter 2
2. 1) 올 수 있다 2) 만들 수 있다 3) 먹을 수 있다 4) 맛볼 수 있
다 5) 있을 수 있다
3. 1) 먹어 보다 2) 나와 보다 3) 마셔보다 4) 좋아해 보다 5) 있
어 보다
4. 1) 한 시간마다 2) 10일마다 3) 겨울마다 4) 3인치마다 5) 도
시마다 6) 집마다 7) 사십 킬로마다
Translation practice
Section 1, Chapter 3
1. 1) 미국 2) 달랐 3) 친구 4) 깜짝 5) 쉽게 6) 차이
2. 1) T 2) T 3) F 4) T
p.218
3. 1) 뜻 2) 사이 3) 같은 4) 쉽게 5) 사귀다
4. 1) familiar with 2) for a long time 3) like such 4) to grow up 5)
closely
Translation practice
1. While I was learning Korean I thought that the Korean word “chingu”
was similar to the English word “friend.”
2. I realized that in the US, people say friend easily but in Korea they
don’t say it in that way.
Section 1, Chapter 4
1. 1) 설날 2) 33 3) 떡국 4) 만두 5) 세배 6) 부자
2. 1) T 2) F 3) T 4) F
3. 1) 그래서 2) 되다 3) 신기하게도 4) 풍습 5) 치다
4. 1)-b) 2)-d) 3)-e) 4)-a) 5)-c)
5. 1) 나이를 한 살 더 먹어요. 2) 한국에 중국하고 비슷한 풍습이 있
는 걸 보고 깜짝 놀랐습니다.
p.219
Translation practice
1. Koreans hit (rang) the bell for 33 times in Bosingak pavilion on this
date.
2. Children bowed a big bow to adults and received a cash gift.
Section 1, Chapter 5
p.220
Section 1, Chapter 6
1. 1) 천만 명 2) 중심 3) 쇼핑 4) 특히 5) 전통차 6) 클럽 문
화 7) 곳
2. 1) T 2) F 3) F 4) F 5) T
3. 1) 수도 2) 인구 3) 궁궐 4) 가깝다 5) 특히
4. 1)-b) 2)-d) 3)-a) 4)-e) 5)-c)
5. 1) 서울의 야경을 구경합니다.
2) 인사동입니다.
3) 압구정동이나 신사동입니다.
1. 1) 특히 2) 또 3) 하지만
2. 1) 가고 싶다 2) 구경하고 싶다 3) 접하고 싶습니까? 4) 사고
싶었어요 5) 즐기고 싶을 거예요
3. 1) 대학 문화를 맛보고 싶은 사람들
2) 트렌디한 유행을 경험하고 싶은 분들
3) 서울의 야경을 보는 곳
4. 1) 경험하고 싶은 사람들
2) 사고 싶은 곳
3) 사람들이 많은 서울
5. 1) 재미있은 ➔ 재미있는
2) 전통적이는 ➔ 전통적인
3) 만나보은 ➔ 만나보는
Translation practice
Section 1, Chapter 7
p.221
1. 1) 동안 2) 이어서 3) 하고 4) 보니 5) 자기 6) 어 봤 7) 의
미가
2. 1) T 2) F 3) F 4) T 5) T
3. 1) 경험하다 2) 대학 축제 3) 의미가 있다 4) 브라질 5) 자기 나라
6) 참가하다
4. 1)-e) 2)-a) 3)-c) 4)-d) 5)-b)
5. 1) 직접 만든 엽서와 예쁜 부채를 팔았습니다.
2) 한국의 대학 문화를 경험했습니다.
3) 더 많은 대학 축제에 참가하고 우리 나라의 음식도 만들어 팔고
게임도 더 많이 해 보고 싶습니다.
Translation practice
Section 1, Chapter 8
1. 1) 2 2) 개월 3) 노무 4) 무더운 5) 이용한다 6) 요원 7) 판
매 8) 채용
2. 1) F 2) F 3) T 4) T 5) T
3. 1) 낮 2) 알아보다 3) 계절별 4) 맞이하다 5) 짭짤하다 6) 무
더운
4. 1)-a) 2)-c) 3)-d) 4)-b) 5)-e)
p.222
5. 1) 6월입니다.
2) 밤에 외출하는 경우가 많습니다.
3) 백화점에서 판매 아르바이트를 합니다.
2. 1) 매주 2) 매월, 매달 3) 매학기 4) 매년 5) 매번
3. 1) 지키겠습니다 2) 준비하겠습니다 3) 비가 오겠습니다 4) 알
겠습니다
4. 1) 매학기 2) 매주 3) 매월 4) 매일
5. 1) 많아지므로 ➔ 많아 지니까 2) 갔므로 ➔ 갔으므로 3) 매아르
바이트 ➔ 아르바이트 시간에 매번 늦었다
Translation practice
Section 1, Chapter 9
1. 1) 성 2) 현대 사회 3) 내걸고 4) 경력 5) 비롯해 6) 귀중
한 7) 역할 8) 꺼리는
2. 1) F 2) T 3) F 4) T 5) F
3. 1) 낳다 2) 무례하다 3) 아직까지 4) 형성되다 5) 현대 사
회 6) 점점
4. 1)-e) 2)-a) 3)-c) 4)-b) 5)-d)
5. 1) 이제 남편과 한 가족이 되었다는 뜻입니다.
2) 주로 직장과 사회 속에서 형성됩니다.
p.223
2. 1) 앉아 있 2) 가 있 3) 되어 있 4) 일어서 있 5) 닫혀 있
3. 1) 라고 불립 2) 라고 불립 3) 이라고 불린 4) 라고 불린 5) 라
고 불립
4. 1) 박 부장님이라고 부릅니다. 2) 할아버지는 서울에 가 계세요.
3) 지만 현대 사회에서는 직장에서 일하면서 정체성을 찾습니다
Translation practice
Section 2, Chapter 1
Translation practice
1. Because pine trees are always green, in the past Koreans thought that
pine trees are unchanging and a loyal tree of integrity.
2. The magpie is an omnivore so it eats fruits, grains, insects, or small
fish.
3. If you see the representative trees and birds of a country, you come to
realize that contained inside are the values that the people of the
country think is important.
Section 2, Chapter 2
Translation practice
Translation practice
1. In jjimjilbang, you can see that newcomers soon join in the casual
chatting with the others.
2. “Karaoke” has (become) changed into the name of “noraebang.”
3. Koreans practice the songs they will sing in the norae bang and they
often sing in their daily lives.
Section 2, Chapter 4
1. 1) 한가위 2) 추석 3) 농경 4) 성묘 5) 송편 6) 차례 7) 토
란 8) 여자 9) 교통 체증
2. 1) T 2) F 3) F 4) T 5) T
p.227
3. 1) 바라보다 2) 힘들게 3) 찌다 4) 밥 5) 이루다 6) 고향
4. 1)-a) 2)-d) 3)-c) 4)-b) 5)-e)
5. 1) 그 해 가을의 수확을 축하해서 가장 즐거운 시기입니다.
2) 콩이나 깨가 들어갑니다.
3) 가을의 특별한 계절 음식이라서 추석상에 올립니다.
1. 1) 보름달이 떠서 밝습니다.
2) 쌀가루를 뭉쳐서 떡을 만들었습니다.
3) 토란국을 만들어서 차례상에 올렸습니다.
4) 송편을 차례상에 올려서 차례를 지냈습니다.
4. 1) 공부하는 사람
2) 춤을 추는 남자들
3) 모자를 사는 여자
4) 텔레비전에 나오는 프로그램
5) 거리를 걷는 아이들
5. 1) 지금 차례상에 음식을 차리도록 하세요.
2) 추석에 여자들은 강강수월래 춤을 추도록 하세요.
3) 가족들에게 선물을 사도록 하세요.
Translation practice
1. While gazing at the bright moon families get together to make delicious
foods.
2. The day before Chuseok all the family members from grandmothers to
children get together and sit around to make songpyeonn.
p.228
3. Now Chuseok has become an important seasonal celebration when the
families who live apart get together after a long time having been
separated.
Section 2, Chapter 5
1. 1) 으로서 2) 로 3) 으로만 4) 로는 5) 로만
2. 1) 친구들이 여행을 가자는대로 갔습니다.
2) 어서 친구가 먹자는대로 먹었습니다.
3) 달을 보면서 소원을 빌자는대로 빌었습니다.
4) 엄마가 하자는대로 따라서 했습니다.
5) 동대문 시장에서 물건을 사자는대로 샀습니다.
3. 1) 왔던 사람
2) 가르쳤던 선생님
3) 대학교에 다녔던 학생
4) 내가 듣던 라디오
5) 수염을 잡아당겼던 아이들
4. 1) 공부하는 사람
2) 춤을 추는 남자들
3) 모자를 사는 여자
4) 텔레비전에 나오는 프로그램
5) 거리를 걷는 아이들
5. 1) 돕자는대로 농사를 도왔던 황희
p.229
2) 하자는대로 일을 했던 누렁소
3) 먹자는대로 많이 먹었던 친구들
6. 1) 두 개 ➔ 두 마리
2) 일을 하고 ➔ 일을 하기
3) 멈추면서 ➔ 멈추고
4) 몰라니까 ➔ 몰라서
5) 치는 곳 ➔ 치는 것
Translation practice
1. Even the animals like oxen, when the owner says sad things about
them, eventually they realize the truth about the owner.
2. Hwanghi at that moment had an epiphany of the old farmer’s wisdom.
3. These animals are the ones who worked hard following my direction as
I commanded them, I should be thankful.
Section 2, Chapter 6
p.230
2. 1)-a) 2)-b) 3)-d) 4)-c)
3. 1) 해산물뿐만 아니라 신선한 야채도 먹습니다.
2) 인천에서 유명한 것은 차이나타운의 짜장면뿐만이 아닙니다.
3) 역사적으로 중요한 도시일뿐만 아니라 관광지로도 유명합니다.
4) 정민이가 잘 하는 것은 이뿐만이 아닙니다.
5. 1) 뉴욕 타임즈에 의하면
2) 삼국유사에 의하면
3) 저녁 뉴스에 의하면
Translation practice
1. Incheon is famous for its shooting locations for popular Korean dramas
and movies.
2. Incheon’s dialect is similar to that of Seoul’s so you don’t really feel
the regional dialect.
3. Because they are on the shore, seafood is not expensive but also fresh.
Section 2, Chapter 7
Reading comprehension questions
1. 1) 잘 수록 2) 먹을 수록 3) 생각할 수록 4) 될 수록 5) 입을 수
록 6) 가치일 수록
2. 1)-b) 2)-b) 3)-a) 4)-b)
3. 1) 가야 합니다 2) 생각해야 합니다 3) 마셔야 합니다 4) 낮아
야 합니다 5) 반영해야 합니다
5. 1) 취직하기 위해서 2) 관료가 되기 위해서 3) 사회에서 인정받
기 위해서 4) 영어를 가르치기 위해서
6. 1) 더 해집 2) 반영해 3) 참여하 4) 보여주어
7. 1) 내어 ➔ 내야
2) 안더라도 ➔ 않더라도
3) 교류를 ➔ 교류가
4) 알고 보기 위해서 ➔ 알고 보면
Translation practice
Section 2, Chapter 8
Translation practice
1. People eat lunch with colleagues and become close by talking to each
other.
2. In Korea there is a general social order between the older persons and
the younger persons.
3. You should take care of the subordinates to rest on holidays.
Section 2, Chapter 9
Translation practice
Grammar index
~거나 197
~게 106
~게 되\다 131
~겠~ 78, 79
~고 생각하다 105
~고 싶다 54, 55
~기 때문에 25
~기 위해서 184, 185
~기를 바라다 34
~께 35
~께서 35
~나 6
~는 것 144
~니까 43
~ㄴ다/~는다 24
~다 보니 65, 66
~던 157, 158
~도 ~고 ~도 ~고 129, 130
~도록 하다 144, 145
~때마다 156
~ㄹ까/~을까 43, 44
~로 156, 157
~마다 16
~면 15
~면서 7, 26
~면이 있다 209
매~ 78
~뿐더러 197
~뿐만이 아니다 170, 171
p.235
~수 있다 15
~수록 183
~습니다/~ㅂ니다 6
~시키다 118, 119
~어/~아 보다 16
~어/~아 지다 65
~어/~아야지 44
~어/~아 있다 91
~어/~아야 하다 183, 184
~어서/~아서 66, 143
~에 위치해 있다 169
~에 의하면 169, 170
~은/~는 55, 56
~은/~는 뜻을 가지고 있다 209
~은데/~ㄴ데/~는데 117, 118
~자는대로 157
~지만 91
~하고 다르다 35
~하고 비슷하다 35