100 Top Mechanical ENGINEERING Interview Questions PDF Free Download For Freshers

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1. What is anisotropy ? is the top salary offered to Frankf
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9/9/2017 100 TOP MECHANICAL ENGINEERING Interview Questions PDF free download for Freshers MECHANICAL ENGINEERING Interview Qu…
2. What is vapour pressure and when it becomes important ? OnePlus 5 Now

Ans: Vapour pressure is the partial pressure created by the
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vapour molecules when evaporation takes place within an
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enclosed space. It becomes important when negative
pressures are involved.
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3. Explain absolute viscosity ? Search Site - No
Ans: It is the ratio of shear stress and the gradient of velocity
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with distance between a fixed plate and moving plate (Its unit
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is Pa . s).
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4. Define surface tension ?

Ans: Surface tension of a liquid is the work that must be done
to bring enough molecules from inside the liquid to the
surface to form one new unit area of that surface. (Its unit is
Engineering
Nm/m2 or N/m). Questions
5. What is capillarity and when liquid rises or falls ? Engineering Questions

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Ans: Capillarity : The rise or fall of a liquid in a capillary tube
caused by surface tension. The magnitude of rise or fall
depends on the relative magnitudes of the cohesion of the Like Page
liquid and adhesion of the liquid to the walls of the containing
vessels. Capillarity is of importance in tubes smaller Be the first of your friends to like this
than 10 mm diameter.
Rise of liquid : Liquids rise (in capillary tube) when they wet
and adhesion of the liquid to the walls is greater than the
cohesion of the liquid.
Fall of liquid : Liquids fall (in capillary tube) when they do not
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wet and the cohesion of the liquid is greater than the adhesion Google Plus
of the liquid to the walls.
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6. What is the difference between perfect and real fluids ? Follow
Ans: Perfect fluids are treated as if all tangential forces
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created by friction can be ignored.
Real fluids refer to the cases in which friction must properly
be taken into account.
7. Which factors affect tool size ?

Ans: Following factors influence tool size :
1. Process variable (speed, feed and depth of cut)
2. Tool material
3. Tool geometry
4. Work piece material, its hardness, microstructure and
surface condition
5. Cutting conditions.
8. When the motion of fluid is fully known ?

Ans: The motion of a fluid is fully known when the velocity of
each of its particles can be specified.
9. Define fluid.
Ans: A fluid is a substance that can’t remain at rest under the
action of any shear force.
10. How is the size of a vertical boring machine designated ?

Ans: The specifications of vertical boring machine are :
(i) Column height
(ii) Table size
(iii) Floor area
(iv) Weight of the job
(v) Spindle of the motor.
11. What do you mean by drill sleeve and a drill socket ?

Ans: The drill sleeve is suitable for holding only one size of
shank. If the taper shank of the tool is smaller than the taper
in the spindle hole, a taper sleeve is used.
When the tapered tool shank is larger than the spindle taper,
drill sockets are used to hold the tools. Drill sockets are much
longer in size than the drill sleeves.
12. What is nonbarotropic fluid ?

Ans: Fluid such as air for which the density is not a single-
valued function of the pressure (aerostatics).
13. On account of which property, the falling drops of rain

acquire superical shape.
Ans: Surface tension.
14. How you can definte standard atmospheric pressure ?

Ans: By international agreement, the standard atmospheric
pressure is defined as 101.325 kN/m2.
15. What do you understand by acoustic velocity ?

Ans: Accoustic velocity is the speed of a small pressure
(sound) wave in a fluid.
16. Explain the difference between centipoise and centistoke ?

Ans: Centipoise is the unit of dynamic viscosity. It is equal to
1/100 of poise, and poise = 0.1 Pa . s. Value of dynamic
viscosity of water at 20°C is approximately equal to 1
Centipoise.
Centistoke is the unit of kinematic viscosity and is equal to
1/100 x stoke. Stoke is defined as 1 square centimeter per
second.
17. What is saybolt seconds universal ?

Ans: Saybolt Seconds Universal (SSU) is the unit of viscosity
and is equal to the time required for a gravity flow of 60 cc
through saybolt universal viscometer.
18. Explain difference between cohesion, adhesion and

capillarity ?
Ans: Cohesion is the attraction of like molecules.
Adhesion is the attraction of unlike molecules for each other.
Capillarity is the elevation or depression of a liquid surface in
contact with a solid.
19. Differentiate between gear hobbing and gear shaping with

reference to various relative motions and applications.
Ans: Gear hobbing is a continuous indexing process in which
both cutting tool (a hob) and work piece rotate in a constant
relationship while the hob is being fed into work. Hob is also
imparted a radial feed.
Gear shaping uses a pinion type of cutter which is
reciprocated with required cutting speed along the face of
workpiece and is gradually fed radially to plunge. Continuous
generation motion is obtained by feeding cutter to full depth
and rotating the cutter and workpiece slowly.
20. What is bulk modulus of elasticity ?

Ans: It represents the compressibility of a fluid. It is the ratio
of the change in unit pressure to the corresponding volume
change per unit of volume.
21. What is is entropic exponent ?

Ans: It is the ratio of the specific heat of a gas at constant
pressure to the specific heat at constant volume.
22. The best shape of a runner in sand casting is an inverted

frustum of a cone why ?
Ans: Tapered shape with bigger diameter at top and smaller at
bottom ensures avoidance of entrainment or absorption of
air/gases into the metal while passing through the runner.
23. Explain difference between ideal fluid and non-newtonian

fluid.
Ans: Ideal fluid is one for which resistance to shearing
deformation is zero.
Non-netwtonian fluids deform in such a way that shear stress
is not proportional to the rate of shearing deformation.
24. Explain the difference between poise and stoke.

Ans: Poise is the unit of viscosity in CGS unit and is measured
in dyne sec/cm2.1 poise = 10_1 Pa s.
Stoke is the unit of kinematic viscosity in CGS units and is
measured in cm2/s.
25. How does the pressure in an isothermal atmosphere

behave ?
Ans: It increases exponentially with elevation.
26. The centre of pressure for a plane surface immersed

vertically in a static liquid compared to centroid of area is
always … ?
Ans: Below.
27. What is buoyant force equal to ? Define centroid of the

area.
Ans: Volume of liquid displaced.
Centroid of the area : The point at which the area might be
concentrated and still leave un¬changed the first moment of
the area around any axis. It is also the centre of gravity.
28. Define vapour pressure and on what parameters it

depends ?
Ans: The pressure exerted when a solid or liquid is in

equilibrium with its own vapour is called vapour pressure. It
is a function of the substance and its temperature.
29. Explain the difference between steady flow, one

dimensional flow, two dimensional flow and three
dimensional flow ?
Ans: If at every point in the continuum, the local velocity and
other fluid property, remains unchanged with time, it is
referred to as steady flow.
One dimensional flow is one in which a line is necessary to
describe the velocity profile.
Two dimensional flow is one in which an area is necessary to
describe the velocity profile.
Three dimensional flow is one in which a volume is necessary
to describe the velocity profile.
30. What is aquifer and explain difference between confined

and unconfined aquifers.
Ans: Groundwater occurs in permeable, water-bearing
geologic formations known as aquifers.
Confined aquifer : It is a relatively high-permeable, water-
bearing formation.
Unconfined aquifer : It is a water-bearing formation with a
free water table, below which the soil is saturated.
31. What do you understand by flurial hydraulics ?

Ans: The channels may be classified as rigid boundary or
mobile boundary channels. Mobile boundary channels include
rivers and unlined alluvial canals, the boundaries of which are
made of loose soil which can be easily eroded and transported
by flowing water. The study of flow of water in mobile
boundary channels is dealt in flurial hydraulics.
32. By which instruments the shear stress in fluids can be

measured directly ?
Ans: By Stanton tube or Preston tube.
33. On what factors does the pressure at a point as a static

mass of liquid depends upon?
Ans: Specific weight of liquid and the depth below the free
liquid surface.
34. What is the difference between hoop or longitudinal

tension and circum-ferencial tension ?
I Ans: Hoop tension is created in the walls of a cylinder
subjected to internal pressure. For thin walled cylinder (t <
0.1 d), hoop stress = pressure x radius/thickness.
Longitudinal tension in thin-walled cylinders closed at the
ends is equal to half the hoop tension.
35. How much force is exterted by liquid ?

Ans: Force exerted by a liquid on a plane area A is equal to the
product of the unit weight pg of the liquid, the depth hcg of
the centre of gravity of the area, and the area.
36. State standard point angle and helix angle of a twist drill.
Ans: Standard point angle of twist drill is 118° and helix angle
varies from 16° to 30° depending as diameter of hole.
37. Explain the difference between horizontal and vertical

components of hydrostatic force ?
Ans: The horizontal component of the hydrostatic force on
any surface is equal to the normal force on the vertical
projection of the surface and acts through the center of
pressure for the vertical projection.
Vertical component of the hydrostatic force on any surface is
equal to the weight of the volume of liquid abaove the area
and passes through the e.g. of the volume.
38. What should be diameter of capillary tube to avoid

correction for effect of capillarity in manometer ?
Ans: Greater than 6 mm.
39. How much hydrostatic pressure acts on a curved surface ?

Ans: The horizontal component of the total hydrostatic
pressure force on any surface is always equal to the total
pressure on the vertical projection of the surface, and can be
located through the center of pressure of this projection.
The vertical components of the total hydrostatic pressure
force on any surface is always equal to the weight of the entire
water column above the surface extending vertically to the

free surface, and cvan be located through the cemntroid of
this column.
40. How much is the horizontal component of force on a

curved surface ?
Ans: Force on a vertical projection of the curved surface.
41. State Archimedes principle.

Ans: Any weight, floating or immersed in a liquid, is acted
upon by a buoyant force equal to the weight of the liquid
displaced. This force acts through the center of buoyancy, i.e.
the e.g. of the displaced liquid.
42. What do you understand by center of buoyancy ?

Ans: Center of buoyancy is the center of gravity of the
displaced liquid and buoyant force acts through it.
43. How one can establish stability of submerged body and

floating body ?
Ans: A submerged body floats in stable equilibrium when the
center of gravity of the body lies directly below the center of
buoyancy.
44. What is neutral equilibrium ?

Ans: A submerged body is in neutral equilibrium for all
positions when the center of gravity of body coincides with the
center of buoyancy.
45. On what factors the stability of floating objects depends ?

Ans: Stability of floating objects depends upon whether
righting or overturning moment is developed when the center
of gravity and center of buoyancy move out of vertical
alignment due to the shifting of position of center of
buoyancy.
46. State two products each produced by forward extrusion

and reverse impact extrusion.
Ans: Two examples of products made by direct extrusion are :
gear profile, solder wire.
Two examples of reverse impact extrusion are : Short tubes of

soft alloys, tooth paste containers.
47. What are the best geometrical shapes suggested for sheet
metal drawing and spinning?
Ans: Cup shape is best suited by drawing operation. Conical
shape is easiest to produce by spinning operation.
48. What are the conditions for stability of buoyant bodies ?

Ans: A floating body is stable if the center of gravity is below
the metacentre.
A submerged body is stable if the center of gravity is below the
center of buoyancy.
49. Define pipe flow ?

Ans: It refers to full water flow in closed conduits of circular
cross section under a certain pres¬sure gradient.
50. How much is vertical component of pressure force on a

submerged curved surface ?
Ans: The weight of liquid vertically above the curved surface.
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51. Multiple coated, disposable carbide tips have more-or-less
replaced brazed carbide tipped tools in CNC applications.
Why ?
Ans: Disposable tips are usually indexable type and have a
number of cutting edges. Very convenient gripping devices for
holding such inserts on tool holders are available. A wide
variety of ready made inserts are available which require no
grinding or adjustment.
52. State, sequentially elements of a canned CNC drilling

cycle.
Ans: Canned cycles are fixed cycles for general sequences of
operations. For drilling operation, sequence of operations will
be movement of drill or workpiece to position of actual
drilling, movement of drill downwards till it is in the
proximity of workpiece, then movement of drill at desired feed
rate to sufficient depth of hole, retracting the drill above the

workpiece.
54. Explain the difference between one and two dimensional

flow ?
Ans: True one-dimensional flow occurs when the direction
and magnitude of the velocity at all points are identical.
Velocities and accelerations normal to the streamline are
negligible. Two dimensional flow occurs when the fluid
particles, move in planes or parallel planes and the stream-
line patterns are identical in each plane.
55. What is the difference between irrotational and rotational

flow ?
Ans: Irrotational flow : An ideal fluid flow in which no shear
stresses occur and hence no torques exist. Rotational motion
of fluid particles about their own mass centers can not exist. It
can be represented by a flow net.
Rotational flow occurs when the velocity of each particle
varies directly as the distance from the center of rotation.
56. Explain the difference between steady and unsteady flows.

Ans: In steady flow, at any point, the velocity of successive
fluid particles is the same at successive periods of time.
Flow is unsteady when conditions at any point in a fluid
change with time,
57. What is the difference between uniform and non-uniform

flows ?
Ans: Uniform flow occurs when the magnitude and direction
of the velocity do not change from point to point in the fluid.
Non uniform flow occurs when velocity, depth, pressure, etc.
change from point to point in the fluid flow.
58. Explain the difference between stream lines and stream

tube.
Ans: Stream lines are imaginary curves drawn through a fluid
to indicate the direction of motion in various sections of the
flow of the fluid system. There can be no flow across a
streamline at any point.
Stream tube represents elementary portions of a flowing fluid

bounded by a group of stream¬lines which confine the flow.
59. What is the advantage of independent jaw chuck ?

Ans: Irregular job can be fixed.
60. Define vorticity ?

Ans: It equals twice the angular velocity.
61. What is irrational How ?

Ans: If a flow is uniform in one region (without rotation), this
property is conserved as the fluid moves into a region of space
where the motion is not uniform, and the flow is termed
irrotational flow.
62. What is one-seventh power law ?

Ans: According to one-seventh power law of turbulent,
velocity variation corresponds to a much favoured velocity
profile and the mean velocity increases as the one-seventh
power of the distance from the boundary wall.
63. Mention the major difference between drilling and boring

?
Ans: Drilling Boring
(a) It is the operation of initiating a hole Boring is the
operation of enlarging a drilled hole
(b) It can produce only standard holes We can produce non-
standard hole
(c) Drill is a multi point tool A single point tool is used
64. What is the magnitude of buoyant force and where does

the line of action of buoyant force act ?
Ans: It is equal to the volume of the liquid displaced. The line
of action of buoyant force acts through the centroid of the
displaced volume of the fluid.
65. What is metacentre ?

Ans: Metacentre is the point at the intersection of the
buoyancy with the vertical axis of the body.
66. Define Prandtl’s pitot-static tube.

Ans: It is a combination of pressure probe and pitot tube. It is
widely used for pressure measurements in wind-tunnel
installations.
67. Define the term fluid friction.

Ans: The deformation of real fluids is resisted by forces caused
by internal friction or viscosity. Viscosity is that property of a
real fluid which creates shear forces (fluid friction) between
two fluid selements.
68. Why are hydrodynamic bearings used for grinding

machines in preference to ball or roller bearings ?
Ans: Hydrodynamic bearings are more suitable at high speed,
better tolerances, quiet operation, higher capacity to
withstand shock, lesser space requirement, better life under
fatigue conditions etc.
69. Distinguish between a jig and fixture.

Ans: Jig clamps and locates parts in positive manner and
guides cutting tools (drills, reamers, taps etc). Fixture is
bolted or fixed securely to the machine table so that work is in
correct location ship to the cutter. Fixtures are used for mass
milling, turning and grinding, etc.
70. State the similarities and differences between a fixture and

a jig.
Ans: Both jig and fixture positively locate, hold and clamp the
workpiece. Jigs guide the tool for drilling etc but fixture has
no facility to guide the cutting tools. Jigs are used for drilling
etc and fixture for mass milling, turning, grinding, etc.
71.Explain the difference between relative density, viscosity

and kinematic viscosity ?
Ans: Relative density is that pure number which denotes the
ratio of the mass of a body to the mass of an equal volume of a
substance taken as a standard. This standard is usually water
(at 4°C) for solids and liquids, and air free or C02 or hydrogen
(at 0°C and 1 atmosphere = 1.013 x 105 Pa pressure) for gases.
Viscosity of a fluid is that property which determines the
amount of its resistance to a shearing force. It is due primarily
to interaction between fluid molecules.

Kinematic viscosity is the ratio of absolute viscosity and mass
density. (Its unit is m2/s).
72. A right hand helical gear is being cut on a milling machine.

What changes in machine settings have to be made to cut a
left hand helical gear of same pitch and number of teeth ?
Ans: For cutting right hand helical gear right side of milling
table is tilted up from normal position by the helix angle. For
cutting left hand helical gear, right side of table needs to be
tilted down at helix angle, all other settings remaining
unchanged.
73. Explain what you understand by the term hydrostatic

paradox ?
Ans: Hydrostatic paradox is the phenomenon that the floor
load of water in vessels of different shapes carrying water at
same level depends only on the area of the bottom surface and
not on the shape of the vessel.
74. Define buoyancy in brief.

Ans: Buoyancy is the vertical force exerted on the body by the
fluid at rest. The buoyancy of a submerged body in a fluid at
rest is equal to the weight of the fluid displaced by the body
and it acts upward through the center of gravity of the
displaced volume (the center of buoyancy).
75. What is the necessary condition for a body to float in

stable equilibrium ?
Ans: Meta center should be above the center of gravity.
76. If liquid rotates at constant angular velocity about a

vertical axis as a rigid body, then how its pressure varies at
various radial distances ?
Ans: As square of the radial distance.
77. How does the velocity vary along radius in a few vortex ? .
Ans: It decreases with radius.
78. What type of flow will occur when liquid discharges at

constant rate through a long, straight tapering pipe ?
Ans: Steady non-uniform flow.
79. What does continuity equation represent ?

Ans: It relates mass rate of flow along a stream tube.
80. Under what condition steady flow occurs ?

Ans: When conditions do not change with time at any point.
81. Why a drill can not drill deeper than its flute length ?
Ans: If flute submerges in a drilled hole, the chips disposal
passage is blocked and the drill will get jammed in the hole.
82. When do you recommend the use of straight fluted drill ?

Ans: Drills used for brass and other soft materials and thin
sheets need not be provided with any helix angle, to prevent
the lips digging into the workpiece.
83. Explain velocity distribution for laminar and turbulent

flows.
Ans: In case of laminar flow, the velocity distribution follows a
parabolic law of variation. The maximum velocity at center of
pipe is twice the average velocity. For turbulent flow, more
uniform velocity distribution results.
84. In which type of flow the stream lines, streak lines and
path lines are identical ?
Ans: In steady flow.
85. Under what condition a drill may not cut ?

Ans: When the cutting lips are not provided with clearance
angles. It will cut if 12° clearance angle is ground.
86. Some drills have straight shanks and some have tapered
shank. Why ?
Ans: Small drills (less than 12 mm diameter) are provided
with straight shanks which can be held in Dniren chucks.
Bigger drills have tapered shank using self holding Morse
tapers which prevent gravitational fall of drill.
87. What are the main factors that are responsible for the
formation of built up edge ?
Ans: The main factors that are responsible for the formation
of built up edge are :
1. Extreme pressure in the cutting zone
2. High friction in the tool chip interface
3. High local temperature.
88. In which type of flow the Navier-strokes equation is useful

?
Ans: Viscous flow.
89. Explain the difference between energy line and hydraulic

grade line ?
Ans: The energy line is a graphical representation of the
energy at each section.
Hydraulic grade line lies below the energy line by an amount
equal to the velocity head at the section.
90. What is the characteristic of equipotential line ?

Ans: It has no velocity component tangent to it.
91. How specific cutting pressure behaves with feed rate and
what conclusion can be drawn from this ?
Ans: As feed rate increases, the specific cutting pressure
decreases. It leads to conclude that feed rates be maximised in
metal cutting process.
92. What is hydraulically rough pipe ?

Ans: When Reynolds number is very small, friction factor f
becomes independent of the Reynolds number and depends
only on the relative roughness height. Such a pipe behaves as
hydraulically rough pipe.
93. What are the qualities of ideal tool material ?

Ans: It should be hard to resist flank wear and deformation,
have high toughness to resist fracture, be chemically inert to
the workpiece, be chemically stable to resist oxidation and
dissolution, and have good resistance to thermal shocks.
94. What are the factors to be considered while evaluating the

machinability ?
Ans: 1. Tool life
2. Rate of metal removal

3. Power required
4. Surface texture and size of component
5. Temperature of tool (or) chip.
95. Which equation is satisfied by ideal or real, laminar or

turbulent flow ?
Ans: Continuity equation.
96. How to judge the unsatisfactory performance of cutting

tool ?
Ans: Unsatisfactory performance of cutting tool leads to loss
of dimensional accuracy, increase in surface roughness and
increase in power requirements.
97. What are the criteria for judging machinability ?

Ans: Cutting speed, tool life, surface finish, cutting
force/energy required, teasperature rise at cutting point.
99. What is critical velocity ?

Ans: It is the velocity below which all turbulence is damped
out by the viscosity of the fluid.
100. What is laminar flow ?

Ans: In laminar flow the fluid particles move along straight,
parallel paths in layers or laminae. Laminar flow is governed
by the law relating shear stress to rate of angular deformation
i.e. the product of the viscosity of the fluid and velocity
gradient.
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2. What is vapour pressure and when it becomes important ? OnePlus 5 Now

4. Define surface tension ?

5. What is capillarity and when liquid rises or falls ? Engineering Questions

7. Which factors affect tool size ?

8. When the motion of fluid is fully known ?

10. How is the size of a vertical boring machine designated ?

11. What do you mean by drill sleeve and a drill socket ?

12. What is nonbarotropic fluid ?

13. On account of which property, the falling drops of rain

14. How you can definte standard atmospheric pressure ?

15. What do you understand by acoustic velocity ?

16. Explain the difference between centipoise and centistoke ?

17. What is saybolt seconds universal ?

18. Explain difference between cohesion, adhesion and

19. Differentiate between gear hobbing and gear shaping with

20. What is bulk modulus of elasticity ?

21. What is is entropic exponent ?

22. The best shape of a runner in sand casting is an inverted

23. Explain difference between ideal fluid and non-newtonian

24. Explain the difference between poise and stoke.

25. How does the pressure in an isothermal atmosphere

26. The centre of pressure for a plane surface immersed

27. What is buoyant force equal to ? Define centroid of the

28. Define vapour pressure and on what parameters it

Ans: The pressure exerted when a solid or liquid is in

29. Explain the difference between steady flow, one

30. What is aquifer and explain difference between confined

31. What do you understand by flurial hydraulics ?

32. By which instruments the shear stress in fluids can be

33. On what factors does the pressure at a point as a static

34. What is the difference between hoop or longitudinal

35. How much force is exterted by liquid ?

37. Explain the difference between horizontal and vertical

38. What should be diameter of capillary tube to avoid

39. How much hydrostatic pressure acts on a curved surface ?

water column above the surface extending vertically to the

40. How much is the horizontal component of force on a

41. State Archimedes principle.

42. What do you understand by center of buoyancy ?

43. How one can establish stability of submerged body and

44. What is neutral equilibrium ?

45. On what factors the stability of floating objects depends ?

46. State two products each produced by forward extrusion

Two examples of reverse impact extrusion are : Short tubes of

48. What are the conditions for stability of buoyant bodies ?

49. Define pipe flow ?

50. How much is vertical component of pressure force on a

MECHANICAL ENGINEERING Interview Questions PDF

52. State, sequentially elements of a canned CNC drilling

rate to sufficient depth of hole, retracting the drill above the

54. Explain the difference between one and two dimensional

55. What is the difference between irrotational and rotational

56. Explain the difference between steady and unsteady flows.

57. What is the difference between uniform and non-uniform

58. Explain the difference between stream lines and stream