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    English Pronunciation Programme PDF

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    Mehdi Al Massiri

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    ENGLISH Pronunciation Programme “The Berlitz English Pronunciation Programme introduces the sounds, rhythms and intonation patterns of English, using fariliar words and Sentences. The audio CD features sounds in conte “The accompanying guidebook includes pronunciation tips, spelling and useful vowel and consonant tables. Both the CD and guidebook include review activities te practise what you've learnt CONTENTS ees Crier * Ideal supplement for ESL/EFL/ESOL class ‘Audio CD lets you practise guidebook lanyumere, anytime / + Features the International Phonetic Alphabet + Useful for accent reduction ima v4 fo} = n ar ad as Bi Ein i { Berlitz The Language Experts ENGLISH Pronunciation Programme Be ase’ De Cereus’ Benet eric e i as English Pronunciation Programme TABLE OF CONTENTS ‘pat of i ook maybe eros, trad in a etal sstem otras [any frm or meas elo mechanical pcocoping retin or terse, sree oe cars ee cee Ree eee : nee ea poo eee : ‘beritzpuiliching.com Lesson 1: fi/ as in EVEN, BEAT, SEE 1 iver Eoat tn oe ete ‘ Carpi One Rnaty aee Lesson 8: ‘foy as in OPERA, GOT 8 a Lewton 9: fe el ft Contrast 5 oo ae Se 10 Project Managor/Aasatast Eis: Ey Bernat Lesson 11: fol as in PUT, LOOK u SS ioe la coed 2 ioe focal. 6 Leston 18: /a/ asin BABN, WORK. FUR 1” ee sone 19 TABLE OF CONTENTS Lesson 20: Lesson 21: Lesson 22: Lesson 23: Lesson 24: Lesson 26: Lesson 27: /ao/ as in OUT, MOUSE, NOW ‘fav as in BITE, SKY /oV/as in OIL, COIN, TOY ‘aol, /av, av Contrast Diphthongs with /a/ Rhythm, and Intonation Word and Sentence Stress Contractions and Phrasing Intonation Pronouncing Consonants Pronouncing Consonants: Table 2 Pronouncing Consonants: Explanatio Lesson 28: Lesson 29: Lesson 30: Lesson 31: 1 Lesson 34: Lesson 35: Lesson 36: Lesson 37: Lesson 3 8 son 32: (a! as in. ZOO, LAZY, WAS (sand /a/ Contrast Mas in TOE, RETURN, HAT {A as in DAY, LADDER, HEAD (RV as in THUMB, AUTHOR, BATH. T, MISSING, FACE as in THEM, MOTHER, BREATHE Ish fh, Ms fA, A, AV Contrast /9/as in SHE, ASHEN, FISH /M/ as in CHERRY, TEACHER, WATCH /s/as in VISION, BEIGE 39 40 a“ 42 8 44 46 TABLE OF CONTENTS Lesson 39: Lesson 40: Lesson 41: Lesson 42 Lesson 43: Lesson 44: Lesson 45: Lesson 46: Lesson 47: Lesson 48: Lesson 49: Lesson 50: Lesson 51: Lesson Lesson Lesson 54: Lesson Lesson 56: Lessor Lesson 59: Lesson 60: Jds/ as in JELLY, MAGIC, EDGE AVas in YES, FEW ‘sh fal Mil 1, Ie), fy Contrast /p/ as in POT, HAPPY, TIP ‘Abas in BOY, TABLE, CAB AV as in FUN, AFTER, LAUGH ‘fas in VERY, OVEN, DIVE /w/ as in WET, AWAY ‘w/a in WHAT, WHY Jp, Pol, MY, 1, Av/ Contrast /k/ as in COAT, PACKAGE, LIKE Jal as in GIVE, AGO, EG Mas in LOVE, HELLO, PILL /n/ as in ROCK, MERRY /h/as in HIT, BEHIND ‘nas in MY, HAMMER, FAME ' ANY, IN /y/ as in SINGER, THING Final Consonants J as in NO Past Tense Verbs ‘Singulars and Plurals 49 59 60 INTRODUCTION Welcome to the English Pronunciation Programme. This, programme will inroduce you to the sounds, and stress, rhythm, and intonation patterns of British English, It contains the following sections: How to Pronounce the Sound ‘This section gives you a simple explanation of how to move your lips, tongue, jaw, et. in order to pronounce the sound, ‘Typical Spellings for the Sound “Many pronunciation problems arise out of inconsistent and irregular English spelling paterns. This section shows you the relationship between English pronunciation and its spelling The thitd section gives you practice pronouncing the sound in the initial, medial and final postion of words, The last section gives you practice pronouncing the sound in the context of sentences. Using the English Pronunciation Programme You'll need a CD player. We also recommend a mitror to help ‘you position your mouth and tongue to make the sound properly After youread the How to Pronounce the Sound and Typical Spellings sections, listen and then repeat the words and sentences ‘while looking atthe written text inthe book. Work through each lesson until you feel you can say the words and sentences easily ‘Then do the lesson again without looking atthe book. Practising the Lessons In order to improve your pronunciation you will have to practise as much as possible. Practising every day is ideal. If this isnot realistic for you, practise three to four times per week, Practice sessions of 20-30 minutes work very well. You ean listen while preparing dinner or while driving, Practise when you are relaxed 0 that you will da your very best. Remember, the more you practise the faster you will improvel PRONOUNCING VOWELS TABLE 1 — PRONOUNCING VOWELS, | Phonetic Typical Initial »—Middle Final Pronouncing English Vowels Symbol Spellings Position Position Position w evecceaie even team see English spelling patterns are extremely tricky and irregular. They are not a reliable guide to how a word w Luly it quick = is pronounced. For example, the letters eu; 0, u, 00, and we can all represent the /w/ sound. You can see bal —— age paid away this in the words chew; do, moon, blue, which are all al e.0a head + pronounced with the same vowel sound, oa Jel a apple hat This is very confusing, and that’s why we use International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA) symbols in the co a alms father English Pronunciation Programme. The IPA consists of a set of symbols in which one symbol always bol ao opt dog represents one sound. a A Don’t worry. You won't have to learn all of the aw il u, ou 5 put : ‘symbols at once, Each sound will be explained Individually. You will learn the symbols effortlessly uv u up same as you practise each lesson. Table 1 (Pronouncing Vowels) on the next page shows, a oS — you the phonetic symbols and the typical spelling bv a.alaw all crawl saw, patterns for all the English vowels and diphthongs. : cand fal a.eice,u above beckon — soda a earironur earn bird fur ey fad ou, ow out mouse naw P i a ivigh, v ley five sky g ov ol, oy oil coin to x Fa y ° C hat eareerere gerie merely near = Ps « seal air air fairness hair doa! oor, ur 7 poorly assure cea ny ert ts VOWELS oa Te No Ey As you work your way through this section ofthe pronunciation programme, you will often notice the words bowels, diphthongs, lps, and jau: Take a moment to read over the definitions ofthese terms. D vowrs A vowel is @ speech sound produced with vibrating vocal cords ‘and a continuous unrestricted low of air coming from the ‘mouth. The vowels In English are represented by the let AETOUY. | vwmtnove A diphthong is a combination of two vowel sounds. It begins ‘sone vowel sound and ends as another. While you are pronouncing a diphthong, your lips and jaw start out in the Position ofthe first vowel, and glide into the position of the Second vowel sound. The most common diphthongs in English are fev, fo, fa, fav, and /a The various vowels and diphthongs are produced by changing the shape of your lips and raising or lowering your jaw The shape of your lips changes for each vowel sound. For example, the lips are very rounded and ina kissing’ position for the vowel /W as in the words "you" or ‘soon’. They are spread vide into a smiling’ position for the vowel A as in the ‘Words ‘cheese’ or “pizza Tho size of your jaw opening also changes for each vowel sound. For examiple, the jaw is dropped the lowest and in a ‘yawning’ position for the vowel /a/ as in father” tis raised high eausing your mouth to be almost closed for the vowel‘ as in the words i’ or “ttle LESSON /i/ as in EVEN, BEAT, SEE How to Pronounce /i/: The lips ‘smile’ position. The jaw are spread into raised ‘Typical Spellings for /i/: me, fee. sea Less Common Spellings for /i/: piece, receive, key, police Jil Words Be sure to keep your lips in a smile position as you say Beginning Middle End east feet me easy mean key each niece see even receive agree i/ Sentences He's teaching me. Steve will leave the key. We eat meat dictionaries, is represented as fs! ery, LESSON AALS cd LESSON PA etd How to Pronounce /1/: The lips are relaxed and Jif and // Word Pairs barely parted. The jaw is just a bit lower than for / Remember to spread your lips into a smile for /V and relax them for /V ‘Typical Spellings for / Is, gym, build Less Common Spellings for /1/: pretty, busy, til ww women cat it feel fall seat sit ‘AI Words meal mil Remember your lips should hardly move as you pronounce /V Beginning Middle /i/ and /1/ Sentence Pairs it win The outfit is neat, The outfit is knit. ill tip Don’t sleep. Don’t slip. into gym. The heels are high. The hills are high. infant quick ‘AI Sentences Pick up the tickets. Bll will visit the city cea ay Wea LESSON How to Pronounce /e1/: eV Is a diphthong. The lips are spread and not round. The Jaw rises with the tongue and closes slightly during the production of this sound Typical Spellings for /e1/: age, paid. day Less Common Spellings for /e1/: eight, they. great /ev Words Jol, like other diphthongs, is a long sound, It normally occurs in stressed syllables, like long vowels do. Beginning Middle End ape race day aim great gray able same weigh ageing make away. seu S ntences Wait for the plane. The lake is a great place RCNA AS LESSON /e/ as in EGG, HEAD How to Pronounce /e/: The lips are spread slightly ‘The jaw is dropped slightly more than for /ev. Typical Spellings for /e/: test, bread Common Spellings for /e/: said, many Jel Words Open your mouth just a litle wider than for /ev. Beginning Middle sg west ever friend enter fence empty lent /el Sentences Ben went to get eggs. The wedding is Wednesday ery, LESSON URN aa tas LESSON Ga Usd How to Pronounce /x/: The lips are spread. The How to Pronounce /a/: The mouth is wide open; the Jaw is dropped slightly more than for /e Jaw is dropped and the tongue is pulled towards the back of the mouth, Typical Spellings for /a/: at, have Typical Spellings for /a/: arm. card, father ‘/e/ Words /o/ Words Open your mouth just a bit wider than for /e/ Because the ‘r’ often following this sound is absorbed dapanliy mr ta Wand net pronounce, be sur a ve thisvowa act ad and back mae apple hand per anine aes pe alms farmer arm father art hard aunt tart Fe] Sentences Dan had a plan. Ann was acting Jal Sentences Farming is hard work Father parked the car Note: in some dictionaries, Ay is represented as fal We Ra I rey. ET To))] AN LL So) NET WT aed How to Pronounce /n/ The mouth is roundly open: /ei/ and /e/ Word Pairs the tongue is low in the mouth. lev fel oe - mate met ‘Typical Spellings for /o/: watch, rack, dog pain pen /o/ Words Sentence Pairs We're out of paper. We're out of pepper: Be sure that your tongue does not rise up at the front when you pronounce Av. /el and /xe/ Word Pairs 5 . lel Jel Beginnii Middle -ginning idle ee rack on lock Be ea off want : pera body Fallow tie men Follow the man honest hog ao a Je) and /a/ Word Pairs /o/ Sentences Jel tol Stop watching the clo had hard Rob lost his socks. pack ark Sentence Pai There's a shack, ‘There's a shark. ry a Ja/ and /o/ Word Pairs lal tol 3 card cod. O Inst lost ba Sentence Pairs Some paris are missing. Some pots are missing. LESSON /u/ as in MOON, CHEW LESSON /o/ as in PUT, LOOK How to Pronounce /u/: The lips are rounded into How to Pronounce /o/: The lips are relaxed and ‘kissing’ position. The jaw is raised. The tongue is barely parted, The jaw is lower than for Av. further back in the mouth than for /i/ ‘Typical Spellings for /u/: bush, took, should ical Spellings for /u/: pool, brew, blue Les lt common Spelling for / Common Spellings for /u/: two, group, fruit, shoe Jol Words /u/ Words Remember, your lips barely move when you say /. Remember to keep your lips in a kissing position as you push sugar say /w/, look could full cushion wood woman Middle End tool chew moon who Jo/ Sentences June shoe room true The bushel was full Pudding is good, /u/ Sentences Do you want juice? The pool was too cool eee ad Prey, Note: in some dictionaries, Au is represented as Av. LESSON /uf and /o/ Contrast hs 5te) AR od Ju/ and /o/ Word Pairs How to Pronounce /a/: The lips are relaxed and barely parted. The jaw is quite a bit lower than for Remember to round your lips for /w/ and relax them for 1 Typical Spellings for /4/: cut, won Less Common Spellings for /s/: trouble, blood ht fol suit soot fool full Jal Words poo! pull Your lips should hardly move as you pronounee /wv. Beginning Middle /u/ and /o/ Sentence Pairs us sun We need a pool We neod a pull under love Glean off the suit. Clean off the soot. susly cover ‘onion ton /s/ Sentences Cover up in the sun. Prey, LESSON TVA) Vol LESSON Rae OAT EET ANG How to Pronounce /av/: /auy/is a diphthong. The lips How to Pronounce /2/: The lips are strongly start in an open position, then move to a rounded rounded. The tongue is in the back of the mouth position. The jaw rises with the tongue and closes slightly during the production of this sound. ‘Typical Spellings for /2/: fork, fall, awe, cause ‘Typical Spellings for /oU/: cone, raad, low Common Spellings for /2/: broad, caught Less Common Spellings for /9v/: goes, though /31 Words /ou/ Words Beginning —Middle End /90/ is a long sound. Be sure to prolong it all call ore awe horn raw, ore pause draw Beginning Middle ~—-End ought bought flaw old boat 0 ‘open rose ow over most toe /9/ Sentences only phone though Call Paut 1s your daughter tall? Jou/ Sentences Note: in some dictionaries, // is represented as / The hotel is open. Joe wrote a note ee aed LESSON EUR RAR LESSON PEARL Uo 10)).0 Word Contrasts I foul rut wrote stuck stoke fund phoned Sentence P Iai Sarah ate the bun. fot What a lovely chord! How to Pronounce /o/: This vowel is called ‘schwa’. /a/ occurs only in unstressed syllables of words. It can be spelled with nearly any vowel or combination of fol fol vowels. The lips are completely relaxed and hardly move when you produce /0 cork cock forks fox pawed pod Jal Words Remember that the syllable with /a/ is not stresssed, Beginning Middle Final Syllable Syllable Syllable alone perform soda, Jol ‘upon melody lesson What a lovely cod! around holiday picture /o/ Sentences They arrived in Africa, Tina fell asleep. rey LESSON TERE. eens Lost te) yy AU Pee LLC How to Pronounce /2/: The lips are partly open. /3/ and /2/ Word and $ /a/ usually occurs in stressed syllables. sntence Pairs Be sure to stress the boldfaced syllable in each word. girl, hurt, serve, word Note that the letters that make the sound are underlined, ‘Typical Spellings for /2 Less Common Spellings for /2/: learn, journey Word Pairs /s/ Words fs} fal Beginning. Middle End hurdle hurrah earn burn stir person pareent arly first were surplus surprise urban worm deter urgent heard occur Sentence Pairs /s/ Sentences fal fal Ws a big dessert Its a big desert Learn the verbs. You can’t get a permit You can't pen The girls were early Note: in some dictionaries fa Is represented as /s LESSON How to Pronounce /av/: /auy is a diphthong. 1 lips move from an open to a partly closed and rounded position. The jaw rises with the tongue and clases, slightly during the production of this sound. ‘Typical Spellings for /av/: sound, gown Less Common Spelling for /av/: plough Jau/ Words /a0/ is a long sound, Be sure to prolong it Beginning ‘out ‘ounce hour ‘outside /av/ Sentences | found flowers. How about a blouse? Middle End about loud house towel TW ATa oy Dre LESSON Di How to Pronounce /at/: /ai/is a diphthong. The lips move from an open to a slightly closed position, The jaw rises with the tongue and closes slightly during the production of this sound. EVAR Uae L Od Typical Spellings for /at/: ico, fy, pie, right Less Common Spellings for /at/: /a Words Beginning Middle ice five eye time aisle sigle island night /ai/ Sentences My tie has stripes. Like pie. eye, buy End buy. sigh erie ay, LESSON PPA eUee) ese) ole LESSON PEO MEUM Pm se LLCs How to Pronounce /o1/: This is a diphthong. The Word Contrasts lips move from a partially closed and rounded to a slightly open position. favs Jal pu Iypieal Spellings for />/ sace tay font fr owl aisle oil Jou Words /2V is a long sound. Be sure to prolong it Sentence Contrasts Beginning Middle.—sEnd Javl fa fou oil coin avoid Where's the fowl? Where Where's the foil? ‘lly noise annoy Ws alittle owl — It’s a litle It's a litle oil agiliness loyal enjoy ‘oyster point employ /oi/ Sentences The joint will need oiling. Enjay the voyage. erie ay, a is 5 to) ] DUG RW ye Standard British pronunciation does not pronounce the ‘r’ that follows a vowel sound. Instead, these sounds are pronounced as diphthongs, The diphthong begins with a vowel sound you have already learnt, and ends with the /a/ sound. Here are the single vowel sounds (without the /a/) contrasted with three diph: thongs, a fal his hears rid reared didn't see his bid. I didn’t see his beard. tel lear bed bared dent aren't She shed her coat, She shared her coat. bol Joal ‘good gourd pulley Poorly ‘The goods are for sale. ‘The gourds are for sale, cae Ua Pee ie uel STRESS, RHYTHM AND INTONATION STRESS, RHYTHM AND INTONATION Stress In English, you need to use word and sentence stress correctly if you want your listeners to accurately understand the meaning of your words. You must stress certain syllables in words; otherwise they will be misunderstood or sound strange. For example, if you stress the second syllable of the word ‘present’, you will be pronouncing a verb which means ‘to introduce; to offer’, If you stress the first syllable by pronouncing ‘present’, you will be referring to a noun which means ‘agi An important feature of English is the use of stress within words. Every word of more than one syllable has a syllable that is stressed or said louder than the others. Just as itis important to stress the correct syllable in a word, it is important to stress the correct word or words in a sentence. In English, specific words within a sentence aro stressed or said louder to make them stand out. Your listeners may misunderstand you if you use sentence stress incorrectly. For example, "I didn't say it, implies ‘Someone else said it. ‘I didn’t say it, implies a completely different meaning altogether. Rhythm The rhythm of a languago is created by the strong stresses or syllables in a sentence. In many language the vowels in all syllables are accented almost equally This is not true in English. Conversational English is ‘more rapid and less precise than formal speech. English speakers often speed up and reduce unstressed words, or syllables in sentences. For example, the six word sentence, ‘I would like butter and jam’, may be squeezed into four words, ‘Td like butter'n jam’. Additionally, English speakers link words together into phrases that are separated by pauses. Improperly used pauses, like improperly used stress patterns, may cause your listeners to misunderstand you. For example, “I don’t know Tim’, implies that you don’t know a man named Tim. ‘I don’t know, (pause) Tim’, implies that you are telling Tim directly that you don’t know the answer to his question. Fffective use of rhythm will help you to achieve more natural- sounding speech and be better understood. Intonation Intonation refers to the variation of pitch within a phrase or sentence. Intonation is created by the rising and falling piteh of your voice while speaking, Your intonation tells listeners whether you are making a statement or asking a question. For example, the statement, ‘He lives in Miami’, becomes a question, “He lives in Miami?" when you raise the pitch of your voice at the end of it AAs you can see, it is not always ‘what you say” but “how you say it’ that counts! Correct use of stress, rhythm and intonation patterns is important to help you get your message across correetly and to sound more like a native English speaker. LESSON Stress in Two- and Three-Syllable Words Stress on the Stress onthe Stress on the Vsyllable 2" Syllable 3" Syllable apple invite afternoon teacher tomorrow absolute Stress in Compound Nouns Compound nouns are usually stressed on the first syllable. bookshop stop sign ice cream Stress in Noun/Verb Homographs* Nouns are stressed on the first syllable; verbs are stressed on the second syllable. Noun Phrase Verb Phrase good conduct conduct the meeting Sahara desert desert the ship win the comtest contest the will Sentense Stress in Questions/Responses The stress on words within a sentence often shifts to roflect a change in meaning. Did Ken buy a car? No, Ken borrowed a car. Did Ken buy a car? No, Tom bought a car Did Ken buy a ear? No, Ken bought a boat. Re OE RU ead (rola le) PLN LESSON Contractions A contraction is one word that is formed by combining ‘two other words. Using contractions will help your speech sound natural Full Form Phrase craction Phrase Lam tired, Lm tire We do not know We don’t know. He is not home, He isn’t home. You are ni You're nice. We have met We've met. Phrasing and Pausing A phrase Is a thought unit of speech. A pause is a brief moment of silence that helps to separate one phrase from another. Long sentences should be divided into phrases, Be sure to pause between each phrase marked by the slanted lines, Karen/ my best friend! is out of town. Host my glasses my ring// and my wallet. n Linked Phrases 5 ete re rf elt jones 2 =| 29 ist te)T INTONATION Intonation in Declarative Sentences and Requests Declarative sentences and requests end with a falling |) intonation. | Claire is my friend. Tbought a new cars Send the letter by airmail. %x Intonation in ‘Key’ Questions Questions that require more than a yesno answer end with a falling intonation. %. What time is it? % Where did you park? % How was the game? Intonation in ‘YES/NO’ Questions Questions that request a simple ‘yes’ or ‘no’ answer end with an upward intonation. May I see the mem \ Does chal smokes” Dovoulte the wine? | Intonation in Questions/Answers Be sure to use a rising pitch at the end of each yes'no ‘question and a falling pitch at the end of the answer. i O o = r ce Will you go?" Yes, Iwill, x Did Paul study?” No, he didn't ae) ay PRONOUNCING CONSONANTS (SoTL As you have already discovered, English spelling patterns KEY WORDS ‘are inconsistent and they are not a reliable guide to the pronunciation of vowel sounds. Unfortunately, English Phonetic Typical tial Middle ——Final spelling patterns are not a reliable guide to pronouncing | symbol Spellings Routing | isla’ | posiias consonant sounds, eithé For example, the letters s, sh, ss 8. 88,¢ ‘ missing face ss, ch, and ¢i can all represent the /1/ sound, Consider e aaa the words sure, she, machine, nation. They are all pro- al na mo lay buze nounced with the same consonant sound: // w t toe return hat ‘This of course is very confusing. That's why we continue 7 Gg day ladder head to.use the International Phonetic Alphabet (PA) symbols |! th thumb author bath to teach you English consonant sounds. As with the av th them mother breathe vowols, each consonant will be explained individually f a. a ee You will learn the symbols one at atime as you practise | a te each lesson. Table 2 (Pronoui \f Consonants) shows you the IPA symbols and the typical spelling patterns for sh ge vision beige all the English consonant sounds jaedg Jelly magic edge i y yes beyond iv P pot happy tip hy b hoy table. cab “ nt f fun afer ay = wv y very oven ° 5 cvekk coat package cS i o c Be give ago 5 5 wh w wet amy = v Lu love hello. pill 3 ry © nf nie rock = mery a r fy h hit behind - a re fa m, mam my hammer fame oS iv nnn not funny in i ng singer thing a = o = CO rs c C v ‘As you work your way through this section of the English Pronunciation Programme, you will often notice the words voiced consonant, voiceless consonant, gum ridge, and soft palate. Take a moment to read over the dofinitions of these terms, @& vorcen consonant A.voiced consonant is a sound produced with vibrating vocal cords. Place the palm of your hand on your throat while making a buzzing noise. You can fee! ‘your vocal cords vibrate as you say “2222222222222. oe VOICELESS CONSONANT consonant is a sound produced with no vibra- tion of the vocal cords. Place the palm of your hand on your throat while making a hissing sound. You will not feel your vocal cords vibrate as you say "SSSSSSSSSSSS’. @ covrnwa The gum ridge is the hard part of the roof of your mouth Just behind your upper front teeth, E/SOFT PALATE ‘Tho soft palate Is the soft part of the roof of your mouth towards the back of your throat. The chart on the next page shows you which consonants aro voiced and which are voiceless. It is not necessary 10 ‘memorize the chart. Just place your palm over your throat as you pronounce the voiced and voiceless consonants. You will be able to feel the difforence. PRONOUNCING SEE TCLS wy DU NUNS GEE Tene @ DNL & ‘naHsh consonant Sounds Voiced ay wy ty At nt a Mey wy ‘Al, fn, Jo Wl, MV, Pet Voiceless zezaerez Ww 2 a ° 5) Cc =! ry = w ry = ° c ° = ry ¥ Riri MISSING, FACE LESSON > How to Pronounce /s/: The tongue tip is held gen- tly against the gum ridge behind the upper front teeth, The vocal cords are not vibrating, Typical Spellings for /s/: sun, nice Less Common Spellings for /s/: scenery, waltz Rememb you say /s/ to make the hissing sound of a snake when /s/ Words Beginning Middle End see pencil kiss stop lesson face city racing this speak answer house /s/ Sentences ‘See you in class. I'm so sorry /2/ as in ZOO, LESSON > aang How to Pronounce /2/: The tongue tip is held gently against the gum ridge behind the upper front teeth. The vocal cords are vibrating. typical Spellings for /z/: zip, his ess Common Spelling for /2/: xylophone Jal Words Be sure your voeal cords vibrate when you produce /2/ Beginning Middle End z00 lay maze zero easy these zone dizzy nose zebra busy breeze Jal Sentences Where is the zebra crossing? Liza raised prize roses. We're busy on Tuesdays. a ) = CO 3 cy 3 w 4 S ° < ° a ry v LESSON /s/ and /2/ Word Pairs AU eed Remember, your vocal cords vibrate for /a/ but not for Av Ish Sue sip sink rice ial 00 zip zine rise /s/ and /2/ Sentence Pairs What's the price? like the place. What's the prize? ike the plays. /s/ and /2/ in Noun/Verb Pairs Some nouns and verbs are spelled the same. However, when spoken, the letter ‘sin the noun is pronounced /s/ and in the verb as //, Noun Phrases (‘s' = /s)) What's the use? Make an excuse. Thave a house Verb Phrases ('s'=/2/) use it. Please excuse me. The 200 will house the animals, trio] i} How to Pronounce /t/: The tongue tip presses against the gum ridge behind the upper front teeth and releases quickly with a puff of air. The sides of the tongue are not touching anything. The vocal cords are not vibrating, Typical Spellings for /t/: to little Less Common Spelling for /t/: walked /U Words Your tongue tip should be pressed firmly against your ‘gum ridge when you say /V. Beginning Middle two intend time until try between feam fifteen AU Sentences Take the test. What time Is the party? Turn off the telly and the light. an Cou RGL End at vote part wait a ° 3 a r = ry =! rs 4 o < C = ry v 3 hrtyo)N E37 How to Pronounce /d/: The tongue tip is pressed e upper front teeth cords are vibrating, against the gum ridge behind th and is released quickly. The voce ‘Typical Spellings for /d/: do, Jd Words Be sure your vocal cords are vibrating when you pronounce Beginning Middle day under door ready drawing window dance Monday /A/ Sentences Ed had a cold Dad found the dog. ‘We made some bread. End fing card good, ahead /d/ as in DAY, eC ae) Oise asst] & at How to Pronounce /o/: The tongue tip is held gently between the upper and lower front teeth. The vocal not vibrating. cords ar Typical Spellings for /0/: think, bath, nothing /o/ Words Be sure your tongue tip is between your teeth when you produce A. Beginning Middle End thin something path thank maths month thousand healthy south Thursday birthday teoth a ) Jo] Sentences 3 Thank you both. ?3 The third Q Ruth = 2 Fy 4 w c o c CO 5 ° v & RTECS Gace How to Pronounce /0/: The tongue tip Is held gently between the upper and lower front teeth. The vocal cords are vibrating. Typical Spellings for /0/: he, bathe, other J0/ Words Bo sure your tongue tip is between you you produce / teeth when Beginning Middle End them father bathe these another smooth there together clothe though weather breathe J0/ Sentences ‘They bought leather. I would rather have these Mother's clothing is there. ty Pe ee Sse irr) £35 JV and /d/ Word and Sentence Pairs Remember, your vocal cords vibrate for AY but not for /. ww fal bat bad set said height hide Sam made his bed. Get the card. Sam made his bet Get the cart. /si, 0! and /t/ Word and Sentence Contrasts we Ww ‘thin tin theme team Ws 1s thin, les tin [fool sick. Itfeels thick. I feel a tick. /a1 and /9/ Word and Sentence Pairs % ty bays Ie on oe Feel that breeze. Feel them breathe. Is not closing. Is not clothing. /8/ and /8/ Word and Sentence Pairs ia fet day they dough thou breed broat It’s not wordy. see the udder, It's not worthy Ise the other. ray CO) =! Cc Fy Cy 3 rs es /1{/ as in CHERRY, ast] Peritint Tt 4o)y] pera How to Pronounce /{/: The tongue tip is near but How to Pronounce /t{/: The tongue tip is placed does not touch the gum ridge or hard palate. "The firmly against the gum ridge behind the upper front vocal cords are not vibrating, // isa continuous quiet teoth,/ is @ combination consonant. It begins as /V sound: shhhhhhhhhht, and ends as //. The vocal cords are not vibrating Typical Spellings for /{/: shoe. chef, motion, ical Spellings for /t{/: chop, nature special, assure Less Common Spellings for /t{/: question, righteous Less Common Spellings for /f/: sure, ocean, tension, anxious /$/ Words /S/ Words Remember to fee! your tongue tip touch your gum ridge. Be sure your tongue tip does not touch any part of the roof of your mouth Beginning Middle End chair mature ‘each Beginning Middle End check kitchen whieh child watching church shoe fashion push chapter picture March share social wish shop caution finish show machine English // Sentences How much do you charge? /{7 Sentences Tho toacher is watching. chose a cheese sandwich. Polish the shoes. Sheila finished washing the dishes, Ce ed Terr) ns & - J < ry < 5 ve 3 Testo) Bey TRNAS A acl ‘Typical Spellings for /; Less Common Spelling for /5 Js/ Words Be su Middle measure casual division television /5/ Sentences 1 usually watch television The excursion was a pleasure. /3/: The tongue is near but does not touch the gum ridge or hard palate, // is a continuous sound. The vocal cords are vibrating, lecision, usual, massage your vocal cords are vibrating for /5/ End beige mirage prestige camouflage LESSON > /3/‘The vocal cords are vibrating, /5/ as in JELLY, Neate How to Pronounce /

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