Beni-Suef University

Faculty of Engineering
Civil Engineering Department

PBW 402: Geotechnical Analysis

and Design
Lecture No. (3): Combined Footing

Dr. Ahmed Fathy Zidan

Combined Footing
 A combined footing is a long footing supporting
two or more columns in (typically two) one row.

 A combined footing is a rectangular or

trapezoidal shaped footing.
P2 P1
P2 P1

P2 P1

٢
(CONVENTIONAL METHOD)
 DESIGN OF COMBINED FOOTINGS BY RIGID
METHOD:

The rigid method of design of combined footings assumes

that:

1. The footing or mat is infinitely rigid, and therefore, the

deflection of the footing or mat does not influence the
pressure distribution,

2. The soil pressure is distributed in a straight line or a

plane surface such that the centroid of the soil pressure
coincides with the line of action of the resultant force of
all the loads acting on the foundation.
٣
(CONVENTIONAL METHOD)

The design of combined footing requires that the

centroid of the area be as close as possible to the
resultant of the two column loads for uniform
pressure and settlement (if possible).

i.e.: eccentricity, e = 0.0

٤
 Combined Footing
a2 a1
B1 B
b2 b1

L
a2 a1
L2 L1

C2 C1

t1 X
X

t
A1
A

٥
 Plain Concrete Footing (P.C.) P2 P1
R
For uniform stress, Resultant
L2 L1
should be at mid of ( A )
a1
A a a a2
 X  C 1  1  L1  X  C 2  2  L 2 C2 C1
2 2 2

Assume thickness of P.C.: t1

t = (0.25 to 0.50) t
A1
X= (0.80 to 1.0) t A

Assume C2 = 0.50m

1.15(P1  P2 ) Get (B)

R  (P1  P2 ) Area  A * B 
qa

L 2 * R  L * P1 Get (L2)
A a
 X  C 2  2  L2 Get (A)
Dim. of P.C. = A * B * t
2 2

٦
Reinforced Concrete Footing (R.C.)
A1  A  2X

B 1  B  2X
1.50R
pn 
A1 * B 1
1.50R
w 
A1

C 1 
2

M 1 w
2

C 2 
2

M 2 w
2

٧
Reinforced Concrete Footing (R.C.)
wZ  P2  0.0 Get (Z) P2 R P1

L2 L1

wZ 2  a 
M max   P2  Z  (C 2  2 )  a2 a1
2  2  C2 C1

M t1
d C
b * Fcu
w
Z Mmax
t 1  d  cov er

Steel cover=5.0 to 7.0cm

M2

Dim. of R.C. = A1 * B1* t1 M1

٨
 Shear Stress
P2 R P1
Q1  w *C 1 L2 L1

Q 2  P1  w *(C 1  a1 ) a1
a2 d
C2 C1
Q 3  w *(C 2  a2 )  P2
Q 4  w *(C 2 ) t1

Q s  Q 2 wd pn
Qs Q2
Z

Q Q4
q s  s  q su
b *d
f cu
q su  0.75 Q3
c
Q1

If qs > qsu , Increase d

٩
 Punching Stress
P1
Column(1): a1

G.S

Q p  P1  p n *  ( a1  d ) * (b 1  d ) 
t1
A p 1  d * 2*  (a1  d )  (b1  d ) 
pn
Qp
qp 
Ap
d/2 a1 d/2

qcup   0.5  (a / b )  f cu /  c  f cu /  c
d/2
If qp > qcup , Increase d b1
d/2

Repeat Check for column (2)

١٠
 Footing Reinforcement
Which is required? a2 a1

Top or bottom RFT

why? t1

Mmax
M max
A top 
f y *d * j

M1
Abot 
f y *d * j
M2

M1

١١
 Design of Hidden Beams
b1 b1

P1
G.S G.S

Main bot RFT

t1 t1 A s (HB 1)

w1 B1

B1
M
B.M.D d1  C
+ b * Fcu
+
+ +
b  b1  d

P1 d 1  d  safe
w1 
B1
d 1  d  take d  d 1
MI
A sH 1 
(B1  b1 ) / 2
2
f *d * j
M HB 1  w 1 y

١٢
 Design of Combined Footing
Example(1):

Make a complete design for a combined footing for the two

columns shown in figure (1). The allowable pressure is 1.10
kg/cm2 and the foundation level is 2.0m below ground surface

a1 = 0.90m. b1= 0.30m P1=140t

a2 = 0.50m b2= 0.30m P2=90t

0.50 0.90
90t 140t qa = 1.10kg/cm2 = 11.0t/m2.
0.30 0.30
3.20
fcu = 250kg/cm2.

fy =3600kg/cm2

١٣
 Plain Concrete Footing (P.C.) P2 P1
R
For uniform stress, Resultant
L2 L1
should be at mid of ( A )
a1
A a a a2
 X  C 1  1  L1  X  C 2  2  L 2 C2 C1
2 2 2

Assume thickness of P.C.: t1

t = 0.30 t
A1
X= t = 0.30 A

Assume C2 = 0.50m
1.15( P1  P2 ) 1.15 * 230 2
R  (P1  P2 )  140  90  230t A rea  A * B    24.10 m
qa 11

L 2 * 230  3.20*140 L2 = 1.95

B = 4.02 = 4.05m
A 0.50
 0.30  0.50   1.95  3.00m
2 2
A = 6.00m
Dim. of P.C. = 6.00 * 4.05 * 0.30

١٤
 Reinforced Concrete Footing (R.C.)
P2 R P1

L2 L1
A1  A  2X  6.00  2*0.30  5.40m

a2 a1
B 1  B  2X  4.05  2*0.30  3.45m C2 C1

t1

pn
Mmax

M1= w (C2)2/2= 63.9(1)2 /2=31.95 m.t

C 2  0.50
2 2

M 2 w  63.90  8.00m .t M2
2 2
M1

١٥
 Reinforced Concrete Footing (R.C.)
wZ  P2  63.90* Z  1.50*90 Z=2.11 P2 =135 R P1 =210

L2=1.95 L1 = 1.25

wZ 2  a 
M max   P2  Z  (C 2  2 )  a2 a1
2  2  0.50 0.90

t1

63.90* 2.112  0.5 

M max   1.50*90*  2.11  (0.50  )  41.36m .t pn
2  2 
Z Mmax

M 41.36*105
d C  5*  34.6  35cm
b * Fcu 345* 250

t 1  d  cov er  35  5  40cm
M2

Dim. of R.C. = 5.80 * 3.20* 40 M1

١٦
 Shear Stress
P2=135 R P1=210
Q1=-63.95*1=-63.95t L2 L1

Q2=210-63.95*(1+0.9)=88.50 t
0.50 d 0.90
0.50 0.90
Q 3  63.95*(0.50  0.50)  135  71.05t

Q 4  63.95*(0.50)  31.98t 35

pn
Qs=88.5-63.95*0.35=66.11 t Qs Q2
Z
Q4
qs=66.11*103/345*35=5.47 kg/cm2

f cu 250
q su  0.75  0.75  9.68 Q3
c 1.50
Q1

١٧
 Punching Stress P1 =210
Column(1): 0.90

Q p  P1  p n *  (a1  d ) *(b1  d )  G.S

Q p  210  18.52*  (0.90  0.35) *(0.30  0.35)   194.95t

0.40
A p 1  d * 2*  (a1  d )  (b1  d ) 
Pn =18.52
A p 1  0.35* 2*  (0.90  0.35)  (0.30  0.35)   1.33m 2

d/2 0.90 d/2

qp=194.95*103/1.33*104=14.66 kg/cm2

qcup   0.5  (b / a )  f cu /  c  f cu /  c
d/2
qcup   0.5  (0.30 / 0.90)  250 /1.50  10.75kg / cm 2
0.30
d/2
qp > qcup , Increase d= 45cm

Repeat Check for column (2)

١٨
 Design of Hidden Beams b1
b1=0.30

P1=210
G.S G.S

Main bot RFT

50 t1 A s (HB 1)

w1 B1

B1= 3.45
b=b1+d=0.30+0.45=0.75 m
B.M.D
+ +
+ + 75.50 *10 5
d1  5  100.3  105cm
75 * 250

P1 210
w1    60.87t / m ' d 1  d  take d  105
B 1 3.45
MI 75.5*105
A sH 1    24.2cm 2
(3.45  0.30) / 2 f y * d * j 3600*105*0.826
2

M HB 1  60.87  75.50m .t
2 7  22

١٩
 Footing Reinforcement
0.50 0.90

110

Abot= 31.95*105/3600*105*0.826=10.23 cm2

Atop= 41.36*105/3600*105*0.826=13.25 cm2 Mmax= 41.36

M2=8.00
M1=31.95

٢٠