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Matematika Lanjut
TRANSFORMASI LAPLACE
Oleh
Dr. Radi, STP., M.Eng.
Matematika Lanjut S2 1
∞
𝐿[ ƒ(𝑡) ] = 𝑒 −𝑠𝑡 ƒ(𝑡)𝑑𝑡 = 𝐹(𝑠)
𝑡=0
2
Matematika Lanjut S2
1
20/11/2020
Transformasi Laplace
1. Fungsi undak satuan (unit step function) = u(t)
ℒ𝑢 𝑡 = 𝑒 𝑢 𝑡 𝑑𝑡
= 𝑒 . 1𝑑𝑡
1
= 𝑒
Dimana : −𝑠
t < 0, ƒ(t) = 0 −𝑒 −𝑒
= −
t > 0, ƒ(t) = 1 𝑠 𝑠
= −
1 1
=0+ =
𝑠 𝑠
3
Matematika Lanjut S2
Transformasi Laplace
2. Fungsi undak umum (step function) = Au(t)
ℒ 𝐴𝑢 𝑡 = 𝑒 𝐴𝑢 𝑡 𝑑𝑡
= 𝑒 . 𝐴𝑑𝑡
𝐴
= 𝑒
Dimana : −𝑠
t < 0, ƒ(t) = 0 −𝐴𝑒 −𝐴𝑒
= −
t > 0, ƒ(t) =A1 𝑠 𝑠
= −
𝐴 𝐴
=0+ =
𝑠 𝑠
4
Matematika Lanjut S2
2
20/11/2020
Transformasi Laplace
3. Fungsi linier (ramp function) = At
ℒ 𝐴𝑡 = 𝑒 𝐴𝑡. 𝑑𝑡
=𝐴 𝑒 . 𝑡. 𝑑𝑡
𝑒 ∞ 𝑒
=𝐴 𝑡 − 𝑑𝑡
Dimana : −𝑠 0 −𝑠
t < 0, ƒ(t) = 0 ∞ ∞
𝑡 𝑒
t > 0, ƒ(t) = At =𝐴 −
−𝑠𝑒 0 − − 𝑠 0
−𝑡 −𝑡 1 −1
=𝐴 − − −
𝑠𝑒 𝑠𝑒 𝑠 𝑒 𝑠 𝑒
dalil L’ HÔpital
5
Matematika Lanjut S2
Dalil L’Hopital
Jika
lim 𝒇(𝒙) = lim 𝒈(𝒙) = 𝟎 𝒂𝒕𝒂𝒖 ± ∞
𝒙→𝒄 𝒙→𝒄
Dan
𝒇 (𝒙)
lim = 𝒂𝒅𝒂
𝒙→𝒄 𝒈 (𝒙)
Maka
𝒇(𝒙) 𝒇 (𝒙)
lim = lim
𝒙→𝒄 𝒈(𝒙) 𝒙→𝒄 𝒈 (𝒙)
6
Matematika Lanjut S2
3
20/11/2020
Transformasi Laplace
dalil l’ Hôpital:
𝑑(−𝑡)
−𝑡 𝑑𝑡 −1 −1
= = = = 0 tertentu (𝑑𝑒𝑓𝑖𝑛𝑖𝑡𝑒)
𝑠𝑒 𝑑(𝑠𝑒 ) 𝑠 𝑒 ∞
𝑑𝑡
−1 −0 1 1 1 𝐴
ℒ 𝐴𝑡 = 𝐴 − − + = 𝐴 0+0−0+ =
−𝑠 𝑒 𝑠. 1 ∞ 𝑠 . 1 𝑠 𝑠
7
Matematika Lanjut S2
Transformasi Laplace
4. Fungsi Geometri (f(t) = A.sin(ωt))
=𝐴 𝑢𝑑𝑣 = 𝐴 𝑢𝑣 − 𝑣𝑑𝑢
𝑒 ∞ 𝑒
= 𝐴 𝑠𝑖𝑛 𝜔𝑡 − 𝜔𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝜔𝑡 𝑑𝑡
−𝑠 0 −𝑠
𝑠𝑖𝑛 𝜔𝑡 𝑠𝑖𝑛 𝜔𝑡 𝜔
=𝐴 − + 𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝜔𝑡 𝑒 𝑑𝑡
−𝑠𝑒 −𝑠𝑒 𝑠
sin(𝜔𝑡) −sin(𝜔𝑡) 𝜔 𝑒 ∞ 𝑒
=𝐴 + + cos(𝜔𝑡) − −𝜔 sin(𝜔𝑡)𝑑𝑡
−𝑠𝑒 −𝑠𝑒 𝑠 −𝑠 0 −𝑠
𝜔 cos(𝜔𝑡) cos 𝜔𝑡 𝜔
= 𝐴 0+0+ − − sin(𝜔𝑡)𝑒 𝑑𝑡
𝑠 −𝑠𝑒 −𝑠𝑒 𝑠
𝜔 1 𝜔 Matematika Lanjut S2
8
=𝐴 0+0+ 0− − sin(𝜔𝑡)𝑒 𝑑𝑡
𝑠 −𝑠 𝑠
8
4
20/11/2020
Transformasi Laplace
4. Fungsi Geometri (f(t) = A.sin(ωt))
𝜔 𝜔
= 𝐴 0+0+ − sin(𝜔𝑡)𝑒 𝑑𝑡
𝑠 𝑠
A ∫ sin(𝜔𝑡)𝑒 𝑑𝑡 = − ∫ sin(𝜔𝑡)𝑒 𝑑𝑡
𝐴 1+ ∫ sin(𝜔𝑡)𝑒 𝑑𝑡 =
𝐴 ∫ sin(𝜔𝑡)𝑒 𝑑𝑡 = =
9
Matematika Lanjut S2
Transformasi Laplace
5. Fungsi Geometri (f(t) = A.cos(ωt))
=𝐴 𝑢𝑑𝑣 = 𝐴 𝑢𝑣 − 𝑣𝑑𝑢
𝑒 ∞ 𝑒
= 𝐴 𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝜔𝑡 − −𝜔 𝑠𝑖𝑛 𝜔𝑡 𝑑𝑡
−𝑠 0 −𝑠
𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝜔𝑡 𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝜔𝑡 𝜔
=𝐴 − − 𝑠𝑖𝑛 𝜔𝑡 𝑒 𝑑𝑡
−𝑠𝑒 −𝑠𝑒 𝑠
cos(𝜔𝑡) −cos(𝜔𝑡) 𝜔 𝑒 ∞ 𝑒
=𝐴 − − sin(𝜔𝑡) − 𝜔 cos(𝜔𝑡)𝑑𝑡
−𝑠𝑒 −𝑠𝑒 𝑠 −𝑠 0 −𝑠
1 𝜔 sin(𝜔𝑡) sin 𝜔𝑡 𝜔
= 𝐴 0− − − + cos(𝜔𝑡)𝑒 𝑑𝑡
𝑠 𝑠 −𝑠𝑒 −𝑠𝑒 𝑠
1 𝜔 𝜔 Matematika Lanjut S2
10
=𝐴 0− − 0−0+ cos(𝜔𝑡)𝑒 𝑑𝑡
𝑠 𝑠 𝑠
10
5
20/11/2020
Transformasi Laplace
5. Fungsi Geometri (f(t) = A.cos(ωt))
1 𝜔 𝜔
= 𝐴 0− − 0−0+ cos(𝜔𝑡)𝑒 𝑑𝑡
𝑠 𝑠 𝑠
1 𝜔
=𝐴 − − cos(𝜔𝑡)𝑒 𝑑𝑡
𝑠 𝑠
𝐴 ∫ cos(𝜔𝑡)𝑒 𝑑𝑡 = − ∫ cos 𝜔𝑡 𝑒 𝑑𝑡
𝐴 1+ ∫ cos(𝜔𝑡)𝑒 𝑑𝑡 =
𝐴 ∫ cos(𝜔𝑡)𝑒 𝑑𝑡 = =
11
Matematika Lanjut S2
11
Transformasi Laplace
6. Fungsi Meluruh (decaying function) (f(t) = Ae-at)
dimana, a = konstanta waktu, A = konstanta amplitudo
ℒ 𝐴𝑒 = 𝑒 𝐴. 𝑒 . 𝑑𝑡 = 𝐴 𝑒 ( ) 𝑑𝑡
𝑒 ∞
=𝐴
− 𝑠+𝑎 0
1 ∞
=𝐴 𝑑𝑡
− 𝑠+𝑎 𝑒 0
1
= 𝐴 0−
−(𝑠 + 𝑎)
𝐴
=
𝑠+𝑎
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Matematika Lanjut S2
12
6
20/11/2020
Transformasi Laplace
7. Fungsi Cosinus Mengecil
𝒇 𝒕 = 𝑒 cos(𝜔𝑡)
(𝑠 + 𝑎)
ℒ𝑒 cos(𝜔𝑡) =
(𝑠 + 𝑎) +𝜔
ℒ𝑒 𝑓 𝑡 =𝐹 𝑠+𝑎
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Matematika Lanjut S2
13
Transformasi Laplace
8. Fungsi Derivatif Orde 1
𝑑𝑓(𝑡) 𝑑𝑓(𝑡)
ℒ = 𝑒 𝑑𝑡 𝑢𝑑𝑣 = 𝑢𝑣 − 𝑣𝑑𝑢
𝑑𝑡 𝑑𝑡
𝑢=𝑒 ; 𝑑𝑢 = −𝑠𝑒
𝑑𝑓(𝑡)
𝑑𝑣 = 𝑑𝑡 ; 𝑣 = 𝑓(𝑡)
𝑑𝑡
𝑑𝑓(𝑡)
ℒ =𝑒 𝑓(𝑡) − 𝑓(𝑡)(−𝑠𝑒 ) 𝑑𝑡
𝑑𝑡
~
=0−𝑓 0 +𝑠 𝑓(𝑡)𝑒 𝑑𝑡
= − 𝑓 0 + 𝑠𝐹(𝑠)
= 𝑠𝐹(𝑠) − 𝑓 0
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Matematika Lanjut S2
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7
20/11/2020
Transformasi Laplace
9. Fungsi Derivatif Orde 2
𝑑𝑓(𝑡)
𝑑 𝑓(𝑡) 𝑑
ℒ =ℒ 𝑑𝑡 = 𝑠ℒ 𝑑𝑓(𝑡) − 𝑓 (0)
𝑑𝑡 𝑑𝑡 𝑑𝑡
= 𝑠{𝑠𝐹 𝑠 − 𝑓 0 } − 𝑓 (0)
= 𝑠 𝐹 𝑠 − 𝑠𝑓 0 − 𝑓 0
𝑑𝑓(𝑡)
𝑓 0 =
𝑑𝑡
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Matematika Lanjut S2
15
Transformasi Laplace
10.Fungsi Derivatif Orde 3
𝑑 𝑓(𝑡)
𝑑 𝑓(𝑡) 𝑑 𝑑 𝑓(𝑡)
ℒ =ℒ 𝑑𝑡 = 𝑠ℒ − 𝑓 (0)
𝑑𝑡 𝑑𝑡 𝑑𝑡
𝑑𝑓 𝑡
= 𝑠 𝑠ℒ −𝑓 0 −𝑓 0
𝑑𝑡
𝑑𝑓 𝑡
=𝑠 ℒ − 𝑠𝑓 (0) − 𝑓 0
𝑑𝑡
= 𝑠 𝑠𝐹 𝑠 − 𝑓(0) − 𝑠𝑓 (0) − 𝑓 0
= 𝑠 𝐹 𝑠 − 𝑠 𝑓(0) − 𝑠𝑓 (0) − 𝑓 0
𝑑𝑓(𝑡) 𝑑 𝑓(𝑡)
𝑓 0 = 𝑓 0 = 16
𝑑𝑡 𝑑𝑡 Matematika Lanjut S2
16
8
20/11/2020
Transformasi Laplace
10.Fungsi Derivatif Orde 4
𝑑 𝑓(𝑡) 𝑑 𝑓(𝑡)
𝑑 𝑓 0 =
𝑑 𝑓(𝑡) 𝑑𝑡 𝑑 𝑓(𝑡) 𝑑𝑡
ℒ =ℒ = 𝑠ℒ − 𝑓 (0)
𝑑𝑡 𝑑𝑡 𝑑𝑡
𝑑 𝑓 𝑡
= 𝑠 𝑠ℒ −𝑓 0 −𝑓 0
𝑑𝑡
𝑑𝑓(𝑡)
= 𝑠 𝑠 𝑠ℒ − 𝑓 (0) − 𝑓 0 −𝑓 0
𝑑𝑡
= 𝑠 𝑠 𝑠 𝑠𝐹 𝑠 − 𝑓(0) − 𝑓 (0) − 𝑓 0 −𝑓 0
=𝑠 𝐹 𝑠 −𝑠 𝑓 0 −𝑠 𝑓 0 −𝑠 𝑓 0 −𝑓 0
𝑑𝑓(𝑡) 𝑑 𝑓(𝑡)
𝑓 0 = 𝑓 0 =
𝑑𝑡 𝑑𝑡 Matematika Lanjut S2
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Transformasi Laplace
11.Fungsi Derivatif Orde n
𝑑 𝑓(𝑡)
𝑑 𝑓(𝑡) 𝑑
ℒ =ℒ 𝑑𝑡
𝑑𝑡 𝑑𝑡
=𝑠 𝐹 𝑠 −𝑠 𝑓 0 −𝑠 𝑓 0 −⋯
−𝑠 𝑓 0 − ⋯ − 𝑠𝑓 0 −𝑓 0
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Matematika Lanjut S2
18
9
20/11/2020
Inverse Laplace
1
ℒ 𝐹 𝑠 = 𝑒 𝐹 𝑠 𝑑𝑠 = 𝑓(𝑡)
2π𝑗
𝐹 𝑠 =𝐹 𝑠 +𝐹 𝑠 +𝐹 𝑠 +𝐹 𝑠
ℒ [𝐹 𝑠 ] = ℒ [𝐹 𝑠 ] + ℒ [𝐹 𝑠 ]+ ℒ 𝐹 𝑠 +ℒ [𝐹 𝑠 ]
𝑓 𝑡 =𝑓 𝑡 +𝑓 𝑡 +𝑓 𝑡 +𝑓 𝑡
19
Matematika Lanjut S2
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Jawab :
𝑑𝑥
ℒ + 2𝑥 = 0
𝑑𝑡
𝑑𝑥
ℒ + ℒ 2𝑥 = 0
𝑑𝑡
𝑠𝑋 𝑠 − 𝑥 0 + 2𝑋 𝑠 = 0
𝑠𝑋(𝑠) − 10 + 2𝑋(𝑠) = 0
(𝑠+2)𝑋(𝑠) = 10
𝑋(𝑠) = x(t)=10𝑒
( ) 20
Matematika Lanjut S2
20
10
20/11/2020
Soal:
1. + 𝑥 = 0 ; 𝑏𝑖𝑙𝑎 𝑥 0 = 0
2. +1 + 𝑥 = 1 ; 𝑏𝑖𝑙𝑎 𝑥 0 = x =0
3. +2 + 𝑥 = 1 ; 𝑏𝑖𝑙𝑎 𝑥 0 = x (0) = 0
21
Matematika Lanjut S2
21
𝑎 , 𝑎 , . . , 𝑎 , 𝑎 = konstanta
x, dx/dt, dn-1x/dtn-1 ditentukan nilainya pada saat t = 0
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Matematika Lanjut S2
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20/11/2020
Invers
𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑥 0
+𝑥 =1; 𝑥 0 =0; =0
𝑑𝑡 𝑑𝑡
𝑑𝑥
+𝑥 =1
𝑑𝑡
1
𝑠𝑋 𝑠 − 𝑥 0 + 𝑋 𝑠 =
𝑠
1
𝑋(𝑠) ≡
𝑠 𝑠+1
Maka x(t) = ?
1 𝐴 𝐵
≡ +
𝑠 𝑠+1 𝑠 𝑠+1
23
Matematika Lanjut S2
23
Menentukan A & B
1 𝐴 𝐵
𝑋 𝑠 = ≡ +
𝑠 𝑠+1 𝑠 𝑠+1
( )
1 𝐵𝑠 ≡ +B
≡𝐴+
𝑠+1 𝑠+1
1 𝐴(−1 + 1)
1 ≡ + 𝐵 → 𝐵 = −1
≡ 𝐴+0 → 𝐴 =1 −1 −1
0+1
1 −1
𝑋(𝑠) = + 𝑥(𝑡) = 1 − 𝑒
𝑠 𝑠+1
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Matematika Lanjut S2
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20/11/2020
Selesaikan PD berikut
1. +2 − − 2𝑥 = 4 + 𝑒
Kondisi awal x(0) = 1
x’(0) = 0
x’’(0) = -1
2. + + 2𝑥 = 2 ; 𝑥 0 = 0 ; 𝑥 0 = 0
3. + + 2𝑥 = 2 ; 𝑥 0 = 0 ; 𝑥 0 = 0
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Matematika Lanjut S2
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Matematika Lanjut S2
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LOGO
Matematika Lanjut S2 27
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