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Arabic is written from right to left. It has its own alphabet, different from the Roman alphabet used
for English.
For communication purposes while travelling and using this guide, it is very important to note that
Arabic is divided into Classical Arabic (the language of the Quran and classical literature and it is
mostly used in print), Modern Standard Arabic (MSA) and Colloquial Arabic. MSA is the Arabic of
the print and audio/visual media. Colloquial Arabic is further subdivided into regional colloquial
dialects. The main regions being the Egypt, the Levant, Persian Gulf, and North Africa. These
regional, colloquial dialects sometimes differ enough to be mutually incomprehensible.
Nevertheless, standard Arabic is taught in all schools in Arabic-speaking countries so, even if you
do not speak the local dialect, everyone who has been to school will be able (though not always
willing, especially in the Maghreb states) to communicate in standard Arabic if needed.
Pronunciation guide[edit]
Vowels and diphthongs
a:
ā ()ا: (long)
as a general rule, when a or ā appear around the consonants ( )ق ظ ط ض صs d t z q, a or ā are
pronounced as in the English word father (IPA: /ɑ ɑː/). This rule may apply to some other
consonants with regional variations, but with many exceptions.
i: (may be pronounced as (IPA: [e]))
ī ()ي: (long).
u: (may be pronounced as (IPA: [o]))
ū ()و: (long).
aw ()و: sometimes pronounced as a long vowel, ō (IPA: [oː]), in those cases it would be written in
the article as au.
ay ()ي: sometimes pronounced as a long vowel, ē (IPA: [eː]), in those cases it would be written in
the article as ai.
ē ()ي: appears in loanwords.
ō ()و: appears in loanwords.
j ()ج: written consistently (with exceptions) in the article as j, even though you should be careful
if you intended to pronounce as Egyptians, you must pronounce it as g.
z ()ظ: is pronounced closer to z (IPA: [zˤ]), in Egypt, Sudan and the Levant, while elsewhere
pronounced closer to dh (IPA: [ðˤ~ðˠ]).
q ()ق: colloquially, but with some exceptions, it's pronounced as ' in Egypt and the Levant, while
g in Arabia and (IPA: /q/), in most of north Africa.
Arabic pronunciation varies widely from place to place, almost to the extent of making it
unintelligible even for native Arabic speakers.
Standard Arabic will be understood by most educated people, as it is what they hear frequently in
news casts.
As a general rule:
Basics[edit]
Common signs
OPEN
( مفتوحmaftūh)
CLOSED
( مغلقmughlaq)
ENTRANCE
( دخولdukhūl)
EXIT
( خروجkhurūj)
PUSH
( ادفعidfa`)
PULL
( اسحبishab)
TOILET
( حمامhammām)
MEN
( رجالrijāl)
WOMEN
( سيداتsayyidāt)
FORBIDDEN
( ممنوعmamnū`)
Hello (informal)
مرحبا. marhaban
Peace be with you. (formal)
السالم عليكمas-salāmu `alaykum
How are you?
كيف حالك؟
kaif(a) hālak? male singular
kaif(a) hālik? female singular
كيف حالكمkaif(a) hālkum plural
Please.
من فضلك. min fadlak male; min fadlik female
Thank you [very much].
شكرا جزيالshukran [jazīlan].
Yes.
نعمna`am; ايواaywa, ēwa (colloquial)
No.
الlā
Maybe.
ممكنmumkin.
Excuse me.
إسمحليismahli
Good morning.
صباح الخيرsabāh el-khair
Good evening.
مساء الخيرmasā' el-khair
good
جيدjayyid.
very good
جيد جداjayyid jiddan.
Never mind.
ليس مهمLays muhim.
None, nothing
ما فيmā fī; مافيشmafīsh.
Hello. (informal)
أهالahlan
Fine, thank you.
شكرا, بخيرbi-khair shukran
What is your name?
ما اسمكmā ismak?; شو اسمكshū ismak (Levantine); اسمك ايهesmak ēh (Egyptian)
ismak? to a male
ismik? to a female
My name is ______ .
اسميismi _______
Nice to meet you.
تشرفناtasharrafna lit. "You honor us"
You're welcome.
` عفواafwan
Excuse me. (getting attention)
لو سمحتlaw samaht
I'm sorry.
انا اسف/ انا اسفه
ana āsif male
ana āsifa female
Goodbye
مع السلامةma`a as-salāma
Goodbye (informal)
باي بايbāy bāy
I can't speak Arabic [well].
ال اتكلم عربي جيداLā atakallam `arabi [jayyidan]
Do you speak English?
Do you speak English? هل تتكلم االنجليزيةhal tatakallam el-ingliziyya?
Is there someone here who speaks English?
حد بيتكلم انجليزي؟had beyetkallem ingelīzi? (Egyptian); حدن بيحكي انجليزيhadan byihki ingilīzi
(Levantine)
Help!
النجدةan-najda!; إلحقونيilha'ūni
Look out!
انتبهintibih
Good night.
تصبح على خيرtisbah `ala khair
Good night (in response) : وانت من اهل الخيرwa-anta min ahl el-khair
I don't understand.
ال افهمlā afham
Where is the toilet?
فين الحمام؟/ وينayn/fēn el-hammām?
Problems[edit]
Leave me alone.
Leave me alone. (( اتركنيM) or ( اتركينيF))
utrukni (M)- utrukīni (F)
I lost my wallet.
I lost my wallet. ()لقد فقدت محفظتى
Laqad faqadtu mahafazati
I'm sick.
I'm sick. (( انا مريضM) OR ( انا مريضةF))
Ana marīd (m) Or Ana marīda (f)
Numbers[edit]
Hindo-Arabic numerals
٠
0
١
1
٢
2
٣
3
٤
4
٥
5
٦
6
٧
7
٨
8
٩
9
0
صفرsifr
1
واحدwāhid
2
إثنانithnān
3
ثالثةthalātha
4
اربعةarba`a
5
خمسةkhamsa
6
ستةsitta
7
سبعةsab`a
8
ثمانيةthamāniya
9
تسعةtis`a
10
` عشرةashara
11
احد عشرahad `ashar
12
اثنا عشرithnā `ashar
13
ثالثة عشرthalāthata `ashar
14
اربعة عشرarba`ata `ashar
15
خمسة عشرkhamsata `ashar
16
ستة عشرsittata `ashar
17
سبعة عشرsab`ata `ashar
18
ثمانية عشرthamāniyata `ashar
19
تسعة عشرtis'ata `ashar
20
عشرونishrūn
21
واحد وعشرونwāhid wa-`ashrūn
22
اثنان وعشرونithnān wa-`ashrūn
23
ثالثة وعشرونthalātha wa-`ashrūn
30
ثالثونthalathūn
40
اربعونarba`ūn
50
خمسونkhamsūn
60
ستونsittūn
70
سبعونsab`ūn
80
ثمانونthamanūn
90
تسعونtis`ūn
100
مئةmi'a
200
مئتينmitayn
300
ثالث مئةthalāth mi'a
1000
الفalf (as in The Thousand and One Nights - الف ليلة وليلةAlf Layla wa Layla)
2000
الفينalfayn
1,000,000
مليونmilyōn
1,000,000,000
مليار, بليونmilyōn, bilyōn
1,000,000,000,000
تريليونtirilyōn
number _____ (train, bus, etc.)
رقم/ Raqam (...)
half
نصفnisf
less
اقلaqal
more
اكثرakthar
Transportation[edit]
Directions[edit]
Go
ذهبdhahaba
Stop
وقفWaqif
Turn left
لف يسارLif Yasser
Turn right
لف يمينLif Yameen
straight ahead
إلى االمامil al-amām; ` على طولala tūl (Egyptian); dughri (Jordan/Egyptian)
slowly
ببطءbi-but'; شوي شويshway shway (Levantine)
Wait or stay
( انتظرintadhir)
Show me.
( أرنيarini); ورينيwarrīni (Egyptian)
here
هناhuna
there
هناكhunāk
before
قبلqabl
after
بعدba`d
now
األنal'ān
from
منmin
to or at (a place)
إلىilā
Wait one minute.
إنتظر دقيقه واحدهintadhir daqīqa wāhida.
Pronouns[edit]
I
اناana
you (m)
َ أنتanta; enta~inta (colloquial)
you (f)
ِ أنanti; enti~inti, init (colloquial)
ت
he
هوhuwa; huwwa~huwwe, hū (colloquial)
she
هيhiya; hiyya~hiyye, hī (colloquial)
we
نحنnahnu; احنا, ( نحناehna, nihna) (colloquial)
you (two people)
أنتماantumā (rarely used out of the most formal Literary Arabic)
you (m/mixed)
أنتمantum; intu(m) (colloquial)
you (f) : انتنantunna (rarely used out of the most formal Literary Arabic)
they (two people) : هماhuma (rarely used out of the most formal Literary Arabic)
they (m/mixed)
همhum, humma
they (f)
هنhunna (rarely used out of the most formal Literary Arabic)
Asking questions[edit]
Who?
منman
What?
ماذا/ ماmā/mādha
When?
متىmata
Where?
اينayn
Why?
لماذاlimādha
How much?
بكمbi-kam
How much is this?
بكم هذاbi-kam hādha
Where are you from?
من أين أنتmin ayn anta
Understand?
مفهوم؟mafhūm
Do you speak English?
هل تتكلم اإلنجليزية؟hal tatakallam el-ingliziyya?
What is this?
ما هذا؟mā hādha?
Useful "I"s[edit]
I want
urīd أريد
I don't want
Lā urīd ال أريد
I have
ليlī / laday لدي/ `andi عندي
I don't have
lays `andi ليس عندي
I don't understand
أنا ال أفهمana lā afham / أنا مش فاهمana mesh fāhem (Egyptian)
I work at the _____.
a`mal fi _____ _____ أعمل في/ ana bashtaghel fi _____( أنا باشتغل فيEgyptian)
I don't speak Arabic
ال أتكلم العربيةlā atakallam el-`arabiyya / mā bihki `arabi ( ما باحكي عربيLevantine) / ma batkallemsh
`arabi ( مابتكلمش عربيEgyptian)
Things[edit]
money
مال, فلوسmāl, fulūs
coffee
قهوةqahwa
sugar
سكرsukkar
salt
ملحmalh
car
سيارةsayyāra
hotel
فندقfunduq / اوتيلotēl
water
ماءmā'
tea
شايshay
milk
حليبhalīb
work
شغلshughl
airplane
طائرةtā'ira
street
شارعshāri`
Time[edit]
now
( اآلنal'ān)
later
ً ( لاحقاLāhgan)
before
( قبلqabla)
morning
( صباحsabāh)
afternoon
( بعد ظهرba`ada zuhur)
evening
( مساءmasā')
night
( ليلةlayla)
Clock time[edit]
one o'clock AM
one o'clock AM (sa'ati wahad)
two o'clock AM
two o'clock AM (sa'ati ithnayn)
noon
noon (zuhr)
one o'clock PM
one o'clock PM (...)
two o'clock PM
two o'clock PM (...)
midnight
متصف الليلة, ( نص الليلmuntasf el-laila, noss el-lēl)
Duration[edit]
_____ minute(s)
)( _____ دقيقة (دقائقdaqīqa (daqā'iq))
_____ hour(s)
)( _____ ساعة (ساعاتsā`a (sā`āt))
_____ day(s)
)( _____ يوم (أيامyom (ayyām))
_____ week(s)
)( _____ أسبوع (أسابيعusbū` (asābī`))
_____ month(s)
_____ month(s) (shahr (shuhūr))
_____ year(s)
)( _____ سنة (سنواتsana (sanawāt))
Days[edit]
today
( اليومel-yaum)
yesterday
( أمسams)
tomorrow
ً( غداghadan)
this week
( الاسبوعel-'usbu` )
last week
( األسبوع الماضيel-'usbu` el-mādi )
next week
( األسبوع القادمel-'usbu` el-qādim)
Days of the week[edit]
Sunday
(( يوم األحدyaum) el'ahad)
Monday
(( يوم الاثنينyaum) el-ithnayn)
Tuesday
(( يوم الثالثاءyaum) eth-thulātha)
Wednesday
(( يوم األربعاءyaum) el'arbi`a')
Thursday
(( يوم الخميسyaum) el-khamīs)
Friday
(( يوم الجمعةyaum) el-jum`a)
Saturday
(( يوم السبتyaum) es-sabt)
Months[edit]
January
كانون الثاني, ( ينايرkānūn eth-thāni, yanāyir)
February
شباط, ( فبرايرshbat, fibrāyir)
March
آذار, ( مارسādhār, māris)
April
نيسان, ( ابريلnīsan, abrīl)
May
أيار, ( مايوayār, māyu)
June
حزيران, ( يونيوhzayrān, yunyu)
July
تموز, ( يوليوtammūz, yulyu)
August
آب, ( أغسطسāb, oghostos)
September
أيلول, ( سبتمبرaylūl, sebtambir)
October
تشرن األول, ( أكتوبرtishrīn el-awwal, oktōbar)
November
تشرن الثاني, ( نوفمبرtishrīn eth-thani, novambir)
December
كانون األول, ( ديسمبرkānūn el-awwal, dīsambir)
Writing time and date[edit]
Even though Arabic is written from Right to Left, numbers in Arabic are written from Left to
Right. Dates are written in an Arabic sentence from Left to Right as in English
Colors[edit]
black
( أسودaswad)
white
( أبيضabyad)
gray
( رماديramādi )
red
( أحمرahmar)
blue
( أزرقazraq)
yellow
( أصفرasfar)
green
( أخضرakhdar)
orange
( برتقاليburtuqāli )
purple
( بنفسجيbanafsaji)
brown
( بنيbunni )
Transportation[edit]
Bus and train[edit]
How much is a ticket to _____?
adash tazkara ila ____? Bekam tazkara ila......?
One ticket to _____, please.
tazkara wahida ila ___ law samaht
Where does this train/bus go?
el-qitār/bās hādha biyruh ilā wain? ila ayn yadhhab hādha el-qitār/otobīs?
Where is the train/bus to _____?
wein el-qitar/el-bus ila ___?
Does this train/bus stop in _____?
hal biwa'ef hazal qitar/bus fi__ ?
When does the train/bus for _____ leave?
emta btatla el-qitar/el-bus ila ___?
When will this train/bus arrive in _____?
'emta byusil hazal qitar/bus fi___?
Directions[edit]
How do I get to _____ ?
How do I get to _____ ? (kayf bawsal la __)
...the train station?
...the train station? (mahatet il qitar?)
...the bus station?
...the bus station? (mawqif il bassat?)
...the airport?
...( المطارel-matar?)
...downtown?
...downtown? (west il balad?)
...the youth hostel?
...the youth hostel? (bayt ash-shabab)
...the _____ hotel?
...the _____ hotel? (otel?/ Al Fonduk)
...the American/Canadian/Australian/British consulate?
...the American/Canadian/Australian/British consulate? (sefara Al Amrikia, Canadeia, ostralia,
beritania)
Where are there a lot of...
Where are there a lot of... (Wein fi kteer...)
...hotels?
...hotels? (otelat/ Fanadek)
...restaurants?
...restaurants? (mata'em)
...bars?
...bars? (bars)
...sites to see?
...sites to see? (amaken seyaheyeh?)
Can you show me on the map?
Can you show me on the map? (momken tfarjeeni ala al khareeta?)
street
( شارعshari`)
Turn left.
( لف يسارlif yasār)
Turn right.
( لف يمينlif yamīn)
left
( يسارyasār)
right
( يمينyameen)
straight ahead
`( على طولala tūl)
towards the _____
towards the _____ (bijehet il)
past the _____
past the _____ (baed il)
before the _____
before the _____ (abel il)
Watch for the _____.
Watch for the _____. (intibeh la)
intersection
intersection (taqato)
north
( شمالshamāl)
south
( جنوبjanūb)
east
( شرقsharq)
west
( غربgharb)
uphill
uphill (talā)
downhill
downhill (nazleh)
Taxi[edit]
Taxi!
!( تاكسيtaxi!) sayyāra
Take me to _____, please.
Take me to _____, please. (khudni li-....., law samaht)
How much does it cost to get to _____?
How much does it cost to
get to _____? (adeish?/ bekam azdhhab ila......)