Heat Loss From An Insulated Pipe

CheGuide.com Date 9-July-16

Chemical Engineer's Guide By CheGuide

Fluid
Pipe Inside Diameter (D1) 154.1 mm
Air
Outside Diameter (D2) 168.275 mm
Operating Temperature 100.0 °C Insulation D1 D2
Ambient Temperature 25.0 °C
Wind Speed 3.50 m/s Pipe

Insulation Insulated Pipe

Type Calcium Silicate Surface Temperature 28.2
Surface Emmisivity 0.9 Heat Loss 54.9
Thickness 50 mm Bare Pipe
Outside Diameter D3 268.275 mm Surface Temperature 99.8
Heat Loss 963.8
Calculation for Insulated Pipe
Iterations 1 2 3 4
Surface Temperature t_surface °C 26 28.19 28.19 28.19
Interface Temperature t_interface °C 99.0 99.99 99.99 99.99
Air Properties
Average Film Temperature t_average °C 25.5 26.59 26.59 26.59
°K 298.65 299.74 299.74 299.74
Thermal Conductivity k W/m.K 0.0261 0.0262 0.0262 0.0262
Viscosity µ N/s.m² 1.84E-05 1.85E-05 1.85E-05 1.85E-05
Prandtl Number Pr 0.708 0.707 0.707 0.707
Expansion Coefficient β 1/K 0.003348401138456 0.0033361735923 0.0033361818199 0.003336
Air Density ρ Kg/m³ 1.1834 1.1790 1.1790 1.1790
Kinematic Viscosity ν m2/s 1.58E-05 1.59E-05 1.59E-05 1.59E-05
Specific Heat Cp kJ/Kg.K 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00
alpha α m²/s 2.23E-05 2.24E-05 2.24E-05 2.24E-05
Reynold's Number Re 59503 59118 59118 59118
Rayleigh Number Ra 1803497 5653685 5651130 5651134

Air Film Resistance

Radiation h_radiation W/m².K 5.44 5.50 5.50 5.50
Convection
Forced Convection Nu_forced 153.2 152.6 152.6 152.6
h_forced W/m².K 14.94 14.92 14.92 14.92
Free Convection Nu_free 17.17 23.88 23.88 23.88
h_free W/m².K 1.67 2.34 2.34 2.34
Combined Convection Nu_Combined 153.2 152.6 152.6 152.6
h_convection W/m².K 14.94 14.92 14.92 14.92
Overall air side HTC h_air W/m².K 20.37 20.42 20.42 20.42
Pipe Resistance
Pipe Thermal conductivity k_pipe W/m.K 60.05 60.05 60.05 60.05
Pipe wall resistance r_pipe m².K/W 0.00020 0.00020 0.00020 0.00020
Insulation Resistance
Average Insulation temperature °K 335.65 337.23818498259 337.23743387976 337.2374
Insulation Thermal conductivity k_insulation W/m.K 0.05662 0.05672 0.05672 0.05672
Insulation resistance r_insulation m².K/W 1.11 1.10 1.10 1.10
Overall Resistance r_overall m².K/W 1.154 1.152 1.152 1.152
Heat Flow Q W/m² 64.97 65.09 65.09 65.09
Interface Temperature T_interface °C 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0
Surface Temeperature T_surface °C 28.19 28.19 28.19 28.19
Heat Loss per Unit Length W/m 54.76 54.86 54.86 54.86
 Heat Loss From An Insulated Pipe
CheGuide.com Date 9-July-16
Chemical Engineer's Guide By CheGuide

Fluid

Calculation for Bare Pipe

Iterations 1 2 3 4
Surface Temperature t_surface °C 26.0 99.8 99.8 99.8
Bare Pipe Emissivity 0.8 0.8 0.8 0.8
Air Properties
Average Film Temperature t_average °C 25.5 62.40 62.39 62.39
°K 298.65 335.55 335.54 335.54
Thermal Conductivity k W/m.K 0.0261 0.0290 0.0290 0.0290
Viscosity µ N/s.m² 1.84E-05 2.02E-05 2.02E-05 2.02E-05
Prandtl Number Pr 0.708 0.700 0.700 0.700
Expansion Coefficient β 1/K 0.003348401138456 0.0029802245239 0.0029802955659 0.00298
Air Density ρ Kg/m3 1.1834 1.0532 1.0533 1.0533
Kinematic Viscosity ν m²/s 1.58E-05 1.94E-05 1.94E-05 1.94E-05
Specific Heat Cp kJ/Kg.K 1.00 1.01 1.01 1.01
alpha α m²/s 2.23E-05 2.78E-05 2.78E-05 2.78E-05
Reynold's Number Re 37323 30371 30372 30372
Rayleigh Number Ra 445075 19321794 19319798 19319798

Air Film Resistance

Radiation h_radiation W/m².K 4.83 6.94 6.94 6.94
Convection
Forced Convection Nu_forced 114.6 100.8 100.8 100.8
h_forced W/m².K 17.82 17.38 17.38 17.38
Free Convection Nu_free 11.60 34.30 34.30 34.30
h_free W/m².K 1.80 5.92 5.92 5.92
Combined Convection Nu_Combined 114.6 101.1 101.1 101.1
h_convection W/m².K 17.82 17.44 17.44 17.44
Overall air side HTC h_air W/m².K 22.65 24.38 24.38 24.38
Pipe Resistance
Pipe Thermal conductivity k_pipe W/m.K 60.05 60.05 60.05 60.05
Pipe wall resistance r_pipe m².K/W 0.00012 0.00012 0.00012 0.00012
Overall Resistance r_overall m².K/W 0.044 0.041 0.041 0.041
Heat Flow Q W/m² 1693.94 1823.21 1823.18 1823.18
Interface Temperature T_interface °C 99.8 99.8 99.8 99.8
Heat Loss per Unit Length W/m 895.50 963.84 963.82 963.82
D3

°C
W/m

°C
W/m

5
28.19
99.99

26.59
299.74
0.0262
1.85E-05
0.707
0.003336
1.1790
1.59E-05
1.00
2.24E-05
59118
5651134

5.50

152.6
14.92
23.88
2.34
152.6
14.92
20.42

60.05
0.00020

337.2374
0.05672
1.10
1.152
65.09
100.0
28.19
54.86
 5
99.8
0.8

62.39
335.54
0.0290
2.02E-05
0.700
0.00298
1.0533
1.94E-05
1.01
2.78E-05
30372
19319798

6.94

100.8
17.38
34.30
5.92
101.1
17.44
24.38

60.05
0.00012
0.041
1823.18
99.8
963.82
 Thermophysical properties of Air
CheGuide.com Date 19-Dec-15
Chemical Engineer's Guide By CheGuide

Literature Values Calculated Values

T Cp µ.10^7 ν.10^6 k.10^3 α.10^6 Pr Cp µ.10^7 ν.10^6 k.10^3 α.10^6 Pr
K kJ/Kg.K N.s/m2 m2/s w/m.K m2/s kJ/Kg.K N.s/m2 m2/s w/m.K m2/s
100 1.032 71.1 2.00 9.34 2.54 0.786 1.029 71.2 1.95 9.40 2.76 0.784
150 1.012 103.4 4.43 13.80 5.84 0.758 1.016 103.2 4.45 13.77 5.69 0.759
200 1.007 132.5 7.59 18.10 10.30 0.737 1.009 132.6 7.64 18.06 10.10 0.738
250 1.006 159.6 11.44 22.30 15.90 0.720 1.005 159.7 11.48 22.23 15.76 0.721
300 1.007 184.6 15.89 26.30 22.50 0.707 1.005 184.8 15.91 26.26 22.48 0.707
350 1.009 208.2 20.92 30.00 29.90 0.700 1.008 208.2 20.89 30.13 30.09 0.697
400 1.014 230.1 26.41 33.80 38.30 0.690 1.014 230.0 26.37 33.84 38.43 0.690
450 1.021 250.7 32.39 37.30 47.20 0.686 1.021 250.5 32.34 37.36 47.37 0.685
500 1.030 270.1 38.79 40.70 56.70 0.684 1.030 269.9 38.74 40.70 56.81 0.683
550 1.040 288.4 45.57 43.90 66.70 0.683 1.041 288.4 45.55 43.87 66.64 0.684
600 1.051 305.8 52.69 46.90 76.90 0.685 1.052 305.9 52.74 46.85 76.79 0.686
650 1.063 322.5 60.21 49.70 87.30 0.690 1.063 322.8 60.29 49.67 87.22 0.691
700 1.075 338.8 68.10 52.40 98.00 0.695 1.075 338.9 68.18 52.34 97.88 0.696
750 1.087 354.6 76.37 54.90 109.00 0.702 1.087 354.5 76.39 54.89 108.78 0.702
800 1.099 369.8 84.93 57.30 120.00 0.709 1.098 369.6 84.91 57.32 119.92 0.708
850 1.110 384.3 93.80 59.60 131.00 0.716 1.110 384.1 93.73 59.68 131.33 0.714
900 1.121 398.1 102.90 62.00 143.00 0.720 1.121 398.1 102.84 62.00 143.06 0.720
950 1.131 411.3 112.20 64.30 155.00 0.723 1.131 411.5 112.24 64.31 155.18 0.724
1000 1.141 424.4 121.90 66.70 168.00 0.726 1.141 424.3 121.93 66.67 167.78 0.726

Source : Fundamentals of Heat and Mass Transfer (2007), Frank P Incropera

 4th Order Polynomial Fitting
Specific Heat Curve Fitting
C1.T^4 C2.T^3 C3.T^2 C4.T C5
3.037237362E-13 -1.113199569E-09 1.443822734E-06 -0.000565338776 1.07223839
1.010136909E-13 2.234837889E-10 1.687059059E-07 4.989424901E-05 0.004670362
0.999042212985 0.0016371331436 #N/A #N/A #N/A

Viscosity Curve Fitting

C1.T^4 C2.T^3 C3.T^2 C4.T C5
-1.586E-10 5.115E-07 -7.246E-04 7.978E-01 -1.850E+00
1.054183445E-11 2.332286925E-08 1.760622461E-05 0.005206986384 0.487401039
0.999998060178 0.170851955011 #N/A #N/A #N/A

Kinematic Viscosity Curve Fitting

C1.T^4 C2.T^3 C3.T^2 C4.T C5
2.25852005E-11 -8.320928493E-08 0.000172673155 0.010637280178 -0.761083591
3.432282841E-12 7.593619904E-09 5.732355493E-06 0.001695326378 0.158691377
0.999998380786 0.0556271525781 #N/A #N/A #N/A

Thermal Conductivity Curve Fitting

C1.T^4 C2.T^3 C3.T^2 C4.T C5
3.171763401E-11 -5.902293904E-08 4.585308598E-06 0.088867887585 0.520072239
3.722127058E-12 8.234874402E-09 6.216432757E-06 0.001838490729 0.172092305
0.999991079922 0.0603246700071 #N/A #N/A #N/A

Alpha Curve Fitting

C1.T^4 C2.T^3 C3.T^2 C4.T C5
1.355686356E-10 -3.805876778E-07 0.000446482544 -0.035935527709 2.254489164
1.175144781E-11 2.5999031E-08 1.962643509E-05 0.005804457375 0.543327435
0.999990160622 0.1904562096223 #N/A #N/A #N/A

Prandtl Number Curve Fitting

C1.T^4 C2.T^3 C3.T^2 C4.T C5
-2.08437858E-13 -1.727872343E-11 8.006242938E-07 -0.000694605926 0.845781218
8.631289139E-14 1.9095958E-10 1.441536726E-07 4.263300208E-05 0.003990671
0.997930290435 0.0013988766662 #N/A #N/A #N/A
Thermophysical properties of Air
CheGuide.com Date 19-Dec-15
Chemical Engineer's Guide By CheGuide

Thermal Conductivity of Plain Carbon Steel

T K K Calculated 3rd Order Polynomial Curve Fitting
K W/m.K W/m.K C1.T^3 C2.T^2 C3.T C4
400 58.7 58.70 2.08E-09 8.15E-19 -5.11E-02 79
600 48.8 48.80 0 0 0 0
800 39.2 39.20 1 0 #N/A #N/A
1000 30.0 30.00

Thermal Conductivity of Calcium Silicate

T K K Calculated
K W/m.K W/m.K 4th Order Polynomial Curve Fitting
310 0.055 0.0551 C1.T^4 C2.T^3 C3.T^2 C4.T C5
365 0.059 0.0587 3.157115E-13 -7.5E-10 7.3655E-07 -0.000225 0.07333604
420 0.063 0.0633 9.115007E-13 1.92E-09 1.4674E-06 0.0004836 0.057855679
530 0.075 0.0748 0.9998638 0.0005 #N/A #N/A #N/A
645 0.089 0.0891
750 0.104 0.1040

Source : Fundamentals of Heat and Mass Transfer (2007), Frank P Incropera