Date

Collect carbon dioxide from baking soda and acetic acid

Pongsakorn Akkho
Adhicha Chalermchuang
Chachuboonporn Veerapongpradit
Napat Alayangkool

Summary​/​abstract

In this experiment,we will consider the reaction of acetic acid and baking soda. The products
of this reaction are Sodium acetate, carbon dioxide and water. We will be demonstrated how much
carbon dioxide will be produced if we use a different concentration of baking soda solution. The
carbon dioxide will be collected in water and we will measure the volume of carbon dioxide that is
collected in the cylinder. Then, calculate the mole of carbon dioxide that is produced by the reaction
of baking soda and acetic acid. In the result we found that the more concentration of baking soda,
the more mol of carbon dioxide will be produced.

Introduction
The reaction between baking soda and acetic acid can be written as CH₃COOH + NaHCO₃ ->
CH3COONa + CO2 + H2O where NaHCO₃ is baking soda and CH₃COOH is acetic acid. This reaction
would produce carbon dioxide gas, water, and sodium acetate. (ThoughtCo, 2020) The carbon
dioxide gas that was produced is a colorless odorless gas which the gas can be collected by water
displacement method. Gases that are produced in laboratory experiments are often collected by this
technique. Moreover, because the gas is collected over water, it is not pure but is mixed with vapor
from the evaporation of the water. Therefore, Dalton’s law can be used to calculate the gas pressure
by subtracting the water vapor pressure with total pressure to get the pressure of the gas. (14.14
Gas Collection by Water Displacement, 2019)

Object

The purpose of this experiment is to compare the volume of carbon dioxide collected from
the reaction between baking soda and acetic acid in different concentrations. To indicate the
relationships of volume and number of mole.

Material and Method

Material
- acetic acid
 - baking soda
- beaker
- sink
- volumetric flask
- tubing
- bucket
- funnel
- water
- cylinder
- Erlenmeyer flask

Method

1. Prepare baking soda solution in 3 different concentrations in 100ml, no higher than 1M

2. Receive 10 % acetic acid from TA

3. Place the cylinder in the water and tilt it until all bubbles get out

4. Insert the tube into the cylinder and connect it to the Erlenmeyer flask

5. Add 20 mL acetic acid to 20 mL of the first baking soda solution

6. Quickly close the cap

7. Measure volume of gas for each sample

8. Repeat step 2-4 for sample 2 and 3

9. Record the height of the gas

Results
From our result, it’s shown that the higher the amount of NaHCO3 the higher carbon dioxide
produced in the cylinder.

test tube number 1 2 3

Amount of NaHCO​3 ​(g) 6.4 5.6 4

Result (ml) 655 120 80

Graph
Calculations

● Calculate mass of NaHCO3

mass
mol N aHCO 3 = MW

1 > mass
(23)+ (1)+(12)+(16)3

1 > mass
84

1 × 84 > mass

84 grams > mass

0.8 = x
1000 100

80 = 1000x

0.08 = x

We use 80 grams of NaHCO​3​ ​because​ we need less than 1 mol of NaHCO3 which is 84 grams
so, we use 80 grams instead.

(0.08)(80) = 6.4 grams

(0.07)(80) = 5.6 grams

(0.05)(80) = 4 grams

● Find limiting reactants

 CH₃COOH + NaHCO₃ → CH3COONa + CO2 + H2O

The limiting reactant is CH₃COOH or acetic acid because the amount of carbon dioxide is
depend on the concentration of baking soda which is changeable while the amount of acetic
acid is constant.

● Find mol of carbon dioxide

(the total pressure inside the bottle equals 1 atm; the vapor pressure of water at 25C is 23.8 mmHg
or 0.0313 atm)

1 st concentration

P gas = P atm − P vapor pressure

P gas = 1 − 0.0313

P gas = 0.9687

P V = nRT

(1 atm)(655) = n (0.082)(298)

655 = 24.436n
655 = n
24.436

n = 26.80

n = mass
MW

26.80 = mass
44

1179.40 = mass

2nd concentration
P gas = P atm − P vapor pressure

P gas = 1 − 0.0313

P gas = 0.9687

P V = nRT

(1 atm)(120) = n (0.082)(298)

120 = 24.436n

n = 4.91

n = mass
MW
 4.91 = mass
44

216.04 = mass

3nd concentration
P gas = P atm − P vapor pressure

P gas = 1 − 0.0313

P gas = 0.9687

P V = nRT

(1 atm)(64) = n (0.082)(298)

64 = 24.436n

n = 2.61

n = mass
MW

2.61 = mass
44

114.84 = mass

Use gas law to explain the results

Firstly, we need to find the pressure of carbon dioxide in the cylinder. Then, we calculate the mol
of cardon dioxide in ideal gas law which is PV = nRT. The result is also related to Boyle’s law because
the more pressure of carbon dioxide will give lower volume of gas. Boyle’s law states that the
pressure is proportional to the volume of gas. According to Avogardro’s law, mol of gas is
proportional to volume of carbon dioxide. The more volume of carbon dioxide, the more mol of
carbon dioxide. So, the first test tube have more mol of carbon dioxide than other test tubes.

Discussion

1. What happen when mix baking soda and acetic acid? Write chemical reaction.

Producing aqueous sodium acetate, water and carbon dioxide.

NaHCO​3​+ CH​3​COOH = CH​3​COONa + H​2​O + CO​2

2. How much pressure of dry gas when we run reaction at 25C? (the total pressure inside the

bottle equals 1 atm; the vapor pressure of water at 25C is 23.8 mmHg or 0.0313 atm)
P(total) = p(gas) + p(H2O)

1 = p(gas) + 0.0313

p(gas)= ​0.9687 atm

3. How many moles of gas have been produced?

test tube 1= 26.80 mol

test tube 2= 4.91 mol

test tube 3= 2.61 mol

4. How many grams of gas have been produced?

test tube 1= 1179.40g

test tube 2= 216.04g

test tube 3= 114.84g

5. Write errors and how to improve your experiment.

There’s some errors while in the lab which are:

1. Sometimes the reaction is not happen
2. Sometimes the reaction happen but the cylinder seems to be unchanged
We can improve the experiment by measuring the amount of baking soda and acetic acid correctly
at eyes level to make sure it’s correct. Also there are some H​2​O in the flask which might affect to the
chemical reaction, so it will be great to wash and wipe it to make sure the lab has less errors as
possible.

Conclusion
Based on the result, the carbon dioxide gas produced from the reaction can be observed that a
higher number of mole will produce more carbon dioxide gas. The relationship between volume and
number of mole is directly proportional.

References
- Know the Equation for the Baking Soda and Vinegar Reaction. (2020). ThoughtCo.
https://www.thoughtco.com/equation-for-the-reaction-of-baking-soda-and-vinegar-604043

- 14.14 Gas Collection by Water Displaceme. (2019). CK-12.

https://flexbooks.ck12.org/cbook/ck-12-chemistry-flexbook-2.0/section/14.14/primary/less
on/gas-collection-by-water-displacement-chem