KF/FMS/TM/010

Waste Management

Training Guidelines:

How to deliver : Gather entire FM team for this training

Target Audiences : Entire FM Team

Key Accountability : Facility Manager / Facility In-charge

Responsibility : Facility Manager (AFM or Facility In-charge in absence of the FM)

Frequency : To be reviewed on a Monthly basis

Importance : High

Instructions:

While conducting onsite Training for staff, please ensure:

 Impart this training by gathering all concerned staff at your site

 You may take help from your Key Account Manager and / or Regional Trainer
 Environment for this training should be quiet and confined

Learning Objectives:

On completion of this training module you will be able to know –

 Types of waste
 Municipal solid waste
 Waste management at sites
 Guidelines for storage of hazardous waste
 Waste Management
Definitions:

 Municipal Solid waste – includes commercial and residential wastes generated in a

municipal or notified areas either solid or semi solid form excluding industrial hazardous
wastes but including treated bio-medical waste

 Ecological solid waste management – A way of handling waste to reduce its amount to the
barest minimum and recovering discarded materials for reuse, recycling or composting.

 Waste segregation – means to separate the municipal solid wastes into groups of organic,
inorganic, recyclables and hazardous waste

 Recycling – recovery of discarded materials such as glass, plastic, steel, aluminum and paper
to be used as raw material again. Bottles, cans, newspapers, cardboard packaging and metal
are some of the candidates for recycling

 Biodegradable waste – type of garbage that can be broken down. Includes leftover food,
leaves, grass cuttings, fruit, vegetable peelings, bones, egg shell, manure etc. can be turned
into compost.

 Non-biodegradable waste – type of garbage that cannot be broken down. Includes

recyclable materials, residual waste, and toxic waste from hospitals / factories

 Dumpsite – a lot where solid waste is brought by dump trucks for disposal. Many people
make a living by scavenging recyclable items at the dumpsite.

 Leachate - liquid that seeps through solid wastes or other medium and has extracts of
dissolved or suspended material from it.

 Landfilling – disposal of residual solid waste on land in a facility designed with protective
measures against pollution or ground water, surface water, bad odour, fire hazard, bird
menace, pests or rodents, greenhouse gas emissions, slope instability and erosion.

 Composting – is the biological decomposition of organic waste such as food or plant

material by bacteria, fungi, worms and other organisms under controlled aerobic (occurring
in the presence of oxygen) conditions. It is a way of harnessing the natural process of
decomposition to speed up the decay of waste.

 Vermicomposting – is a process of using earthworms for conversion of bio-degradable

wastes into composts
Types of waste:
Municipal Solid Waste:

Sources Typical waste generators Components of solid waste

Residential Single and multifamily dwellings Food wastes, paper, cardboard,

plastics, textiles, glass, metals, ashes,
special wastes (bulky items, consumer
electronics, batteries, oil, tires) and
household hazardous wastes

Commercial Stores, hotels, restaurants, Paper, cardboard, plastics, wood, food

wastes, glass, metals, special wastes,
markets, office buildings hazardous wastes

Institutional Schools, government center, hospitals, Paper, cardboard, plastics, wood, food
prisons wastes, glass, metals, special wastes,
hazardous wastes

Municipal services Street cleaning, landscaping, parks, Street sweepings, landscape and tree
beaches, recreational areas trimmings, general wastes from parks,
beaches, and other recreational areas

Handling of Municipal Solid Waste

 Collection
 Segregation
 Storage
 Transportation
 Processing
 Disposal

Color code for garbage bins: Though there are no definite proofs of specific colors for waste, most
commonly used is blue and sometimes multi colors for different category.
Waste management at sites

Segregation:

• Segregation of waste as under must be done to ensure proper waste disposal

• Organic Waste (Wet waste)
• Inorganic Waste (Dry waste).
• The segregation will help the municipal authorities for further disposal of Municipal solid waste

Waste management at sites:

• The waste collected in the common area shall be segregated & collected in different colour bags
/ bins for wet & dry waste & dumped to the dumping point by the house keeping boys,
• Waste from the individual tenants (restaurants, residents) shall be collected and segregated &
dumped to the dumping point by the house keeping staff of the individual tenants.
• The waste from the dumping point
• Shall be collected by the municipal authorities OR
• shall be collected by the contractors as nominated by the Municipal
authorities/Client/Facilities Management company as the case may be.

• Vermin-culture can be done in at sites depending on the type and quantity of waste generated
and the space available
• Vermi-culture helps in converting the organic waste into useful manure, which can be used in
the plants & for landscaping at a very cheap cost.

Hazardous Waste:

Used oil means any oil-

(a) derived from crude oil or mixtures containing synthetic oil including used engine oil. gear oil,
hydraulic oil, turbine oil, compressor oil, industrial gear oil, heat transfer oil, transformer oil, spent oil
and their tank bottom sludges; and
(b) suitable for reprocessing, if it meets the specification laid down in Part-A of Schedule-V but does not
include waste oil

Waste oil means any oil which includes spills of crude oil, emulsions, tank bottom sludge and slop oil
generated from petroleum refineries, installations or ships and can be used as fuel in furnaces for
energy recovery, if it meets the specifications laid down in Part-B of Schedule-5 either as such or after
reprocessing.
Hazardous Waste generated at FM sites
• Used DG set lubricating oil
• Used Transformer oil
• Used engine oil
• Unserviceable oil and fuel filters

Responsibilities of the Occupier

• The occupier shall be responsible for safe and environmentally sound handling of hazardous
waste generated.
• The Hazardous waste can be sold / disposed of only to vendors having valid registration from
the Pollution Control Board.
• Adequate steps to be taken while handling hazardous waste to prevent contamination,
accidents and limit their consequences on human beings and the environment
• Provide appropriate training and relevant information to the persons handling the waste
• Provide appropriate equipment and PPEs to ensure safety of the persons

Guidelines for storage of Hazardous Waste

• The storage area should have concrete floor or steel sheet to prevent percolation of
spilled/leaked material to the soil and ground water. The floor should not be of material that
will react with the hazardous waste material.
• Drums containing waste should be labeled properly indicating type, quantity, characteristic,
source and date of storing etc. The storage area should be inspected periodically to check for
leakages/spills.
• In case of leakages/spills use dry adsorbents/cotton to clean. Do not use water. Signage of ‘No
Smoking’ should be displayed.
• Signboards showing precautionary measures to be taken in normal and emergency situations
should be displayed appropriately. Fire extinguishers should be available at the storage site.
• The waste can be stored for a period of maximum 90 days. In case it is required to be stored for
more than 90 days, permission of the state pollution control board is required.
• A record has to be kept of the disposal of the Hazardous Waste.
Batteries
• Ensure that used batteries are not disposed of in any manner other than by depositing with the
dealer / manufacturer / registered recycler / reconditioner or at the designated collection
centers
• File half yearly return in Form VIII to the state board
• Bulk consumers may auction batteries to recyclers only

E-Waste
• E waste – Fluorescent tube lights, CFLs, scrap fixtures (such as MCBs), batteries, telephone
instruments etc.
• E-waste to be sent to authorized collection centers or registered dismantlers or recyclers or is
returned to pick up or take back services provided by the producers
• Maintain records of e-waste generated. Records to be available for scrutiny by state pollution
control boards

Plastic - Waste
• Plastic waste to be collected at sites and handed over to Municipal authorities
• Ensure open burning of plastic waste is carried out

8 R’s for Waste management

Assessment:
State whether True or False

1. Leftover food is a biodegradable waste.

True / False

2. Used DG set lubricating oil is not a hazardous waste.

True / False

3. The Hazardous waste can be sold / disposed of only to vendors having valid registration from
the Pollution Control Board.
True / False

4. Fluorescent tube lights, CFLs, scrap fixtures (such as MCBs), batteries shall be consider as ‘E
Waste’.
True / False

5. In case of leakages/spills (hazardous waste) use dry adsorbents/cotton to clean.

True / False