SHERYL ANN PEDINES BSN-IV

Screening tests. Complete the following table.

Test Definition Frequency

Fecal Occult Blood test (FOBT) The fecal occult blood test  yearly for everyone
or Fecal Immunochemical test (FOBT) is a lab test used to starting at age 50.
(FIT) check stool samples for
hidden (occult) blood.

Occult blood in the stool

may indicate colon cancer
or polyps in the colon or
rectum — though not all
cancers or polyps bleed.

Breast Self-Examination (BSE) BSE is when a woman  monthly self-breast

physically and visually exam is about 3 to 5 days
examines herself for any after your period starts. 
changes in her breasts and
underarm areas.
Testicular Self-Examination A testicular self- Aged 15-55 years old
(TSE) examination is perform a monthly self
an examination of the exam Once a month
testicles (two egg-shaped
glands near the base of the
penis that make sperm) to
help detect testicular cancer
in the early stages. It is
important to do
testicular exams every
month in order to notice
any changes.
Digital Rectal Examination A digital rectal exam  Men 50 and older with a
(DRE) (DRE) is a test that life expectancy of at least
examines a person's lower 10 years.
rectum, pelvis, and lower
 belly.
Pap Smear A Pap smear, also called every three years for
a Pap test, is a procedure women ages 21 to 65.
to test for cervical cancer in Women age 30 and older
women. A Pap can consider Pap testing
smear involves collecting every five years if the
cells from your cervix —
the lower, narrow end of
your uterus that's at the top
of your vagina. Detecting
cervical cancer early with
a Pap smear gives you a
greater chance at a cure.

Write down the Nursing Interventions before Mammography:

1. Explain the procedure and what to expect after.

2. Allow patient to express concerns and fears about the procedure
3. Remove interfering factors
4. Schedule a senior technologist on a patient with breast implants
5. Prepare the patient

Define the following types of endoscopy:

Bronchoscopy: Trachea or windpipe, and the lungs- inserted through the mouth.

Colonoscopy: Entire length of the colon and large intestine- inserted through the anus.

Upper Endoscopy: Inner lining if the upper digestive tract (the esophagus, stomach, and duodenum).

Cystoscopy: Inside of the bladder- inserted through the urethra.

Laparoscopy: Stomach, liver or the abdominal organs including female reproductive organs (uterus,
ovaries, and fallopian tube)- inserted through small surgical opening in chest.

Laryngoscopy: Larynx or voice box- inserted through the mouth.

Thoracoscopy: Pleura, which are the 2 membranes covering the lungs, and the lining the chest cavity,
and structures covering the heart- inserted through small surgical opening in chest.

Nuclear Medicine Imaging. Give its definition on the space provided and identify patient preparations.

The Nuclear Medicine Imaging is a method of producing images by detecting radiation from different
parts of the body after a radioactive trace is given to the patient.
Nothing to eat or drink for at least 4 hours prior to test. Test duration – 90 minutes. A bone scan is
a nuclear imaging test that helps diagnose and track several types of bone disease. No patient
preparation required.

Position Emission Tomography (PET). Give its definition on the space provided and identify patient
preparations.

A Position Emission Tomography (PET) is an imaging test that helps reveal how tissues and organs are
functioning.

 You will be asked to follow the Limited Carbohydrate diet for the previous 24
hours before the date of your appointment.
 Do not eat or drink anything, except water, for 6 hours before the exam. You may
drink water, as much water as you can would be helpful, until arrival.
 Routine medications may be taken, unless you have been instructed otherwise. If
you are diabetic, you may take your diabetes medication no less than 4 hours
prior to the exam.
 Arrive 15-30 minutes before your PET scan.
 The technologist will verify your identification and exam requested.
 You will be given a contrast screening form to complete.
 In certain situations, the doctor may order lab tests prior to contrast being given.
 Commonly, contrast is injected into a vein to better define the images throughout
the body. If the radiologist believes this is helpful, a small intravenous (IV) line is
placed in an arm vein. Through this line, the contrast and the isotope will be
injected. The contrast will be excreted through your kidneys.

Radioimmunoconjugates. Give its definition on the space provided and identify patient preparations.

A Radioimmunoconjugates is made by attacking a radioactive molecule to an immune substance, such as

monoclonal antibody, that can bind cancer cells. This may help, kill cancer cells without harming normal
cells. Radioimmunoconjugates. may also be used with imaging to help find cancer cells in the body.

Characterize the following tumor markers and their significance.

Marker Significance
CA 125 Measure the amount of protein CA 125 in the blood and to detect early sign and
symptoms of ovaries cancer in people with a very risk of the disease.
HCG To keep the corpus luteum functioning, so that the corpus luteum continues to
produce estrogens and progesterone.
BRCA mutation To determine of there is changes (mutation) in the DNA that increases the risk of
breast cancer.

Identify significant nursing interventions before the procedure of Pap smear:

1. Secure patient’s consent.

2. Obtain thee patients’ health history.
3. Ask lists of the patient’s current medications.
4. Explain That the pap smear is painless.
5. Remove interfering factors
6. Instruct patient to empty her bladder.