PROCESS ANALYSIS WORK.

SUSTAINABILITY DEVELOPMENT TEST.

MEMBERS
MARIA JOSE BERMUDEZ HERAZO
JAMES ALEXANDER CABALLO BARRIOS
VIDAL MAURICIO VEGA URRIOLA
JUAN GABRIEL JULIO GAZABON

TEACHER
SAMIR MERAMO

DATE
NOVEMBER 16, 2020

CARTAGENA DE INDIAS D. T. Y C. - BOLIVAR

Summary.
The objective of this essay is to make a description of the concept about
"sustainability and sustainability metrics applied to processes", something widely
used not always correctly today, which is necessary to know the concept naturally
and thoroughly since it is also the basis of many institutional texts both nationally
and internationally.
That is why to know the concept in the first measure we will analyze the meaning of
"sustainability" and also of the concepts in the "sustainability metrics applied to
processes" starting with the origin of the same, in the second measure an analysis
that compares the concepts "Sustainable development", "sustainability indicators",
"environmental sustainability" and "cleaner production", in the third measure the links
between sustainability and the circular economy will be detailed to end with a brief
review of its approach to indicators and the economy.

Origin of sustainability.
The main idea of the term “sustainability” had already been formulated by Gro
Harlem Brundtland in 1987, “It seems incredible, but the origin of the concept
'sustainability' with the meaning with which we know it today, goes back less than 30
years: it is in 1987 when it appeared for the first time in the famous Brundtland Report
(also entitled 'Our Common Future') prepared by various countries for the UN. In
reality it arises from the urgent need to study and define the impact that human
activities have on the environment, something that is already totally necessary and
that does have an origin that goes back a few years before. "
At present, environmental pollution has taken a turn, since the late eighties, due to
policies to control environmental pollution. Hence, there has been the concern to
seek those strategies that allow good practices to minimize the environmental
aspects and impacts of industries and society. (Fajardo, 2017).

Concept.
Sustainability is setting the right path to perform better. Brundtland of 1987, after
which the concept became “fashionable”, defines sustainable development as that
“development that meets the needs of the present without compromising the
capabilities of future generations to meet their own needs”. This definition is not
talking directly about the concept of the environment, but refers to well-being in
reference to the quality of the environment, it also refers to the responsibility that
present generations have with future generations, highlighting two aspects of
sustainability environmental.

Within the concept of sustainability we can differentiate four key components (the 4
pillars of sustainability): Environmental sustainability, social sustainability, economic
sustainability and culture.

 Environmental sustainability: which refers to the ability to maintain the

quality and restoration of natural resources.
 Social sustainability: understood as the ability to guarantee the conditions
of safety, health and education necessary to achieve human well-being at all
social levels.
 Economic sustainability: which refers to the ability to generate income and
employment to satisfy the livelihood of the population by making an equitable
distribution of burdens and benefits in time and space.
 Culture: promoted as the fourth pillar of sustainable development after the
implementation of Agenda 21 for culture, since culture determines the way
people act in the world and is therefore essential to achieve sustainable
development.

Development of sustainability and metrics applied in a process.

The concept of weighting and aggregation in the evaluation of sustainability metrics,
in this case, includes economic profitability, environmental impacts, safety aspects
and energy performance to give a unified indicator that evaluates the amplified value
obtained from a higher performance of the evaluated metrics. The results provided
by this approach, implementing a case study to produce a final product or service.
Upon completion, new and future perspectives are discussed to compare the
performance obtained by implementing the presented metric and the results
generated using previously proposed indicators for sustainability.
Industrial companies today are increasingly aware of sustainability, the problem is
that it becomes a challenge for organizations, because any change in machinery
and processes is complex and economically expensive (Farrás, 2019). In this sense,
it is important that companies carry out their processes in a sustainable manner, in
order to guarantee the satisfaction of the fundamental needs of the population and
increase their quality of life, through the rational management of natural resources.
, its conservation, recovery and proper use (Loayza, Silva, 2013). For this reason, it
is essential that society and industries execute cleaner production, given in the
production processes, it addresses the saving of raw materials and energy, the
elimination of toxic raw materials and the reduction of waste and emissions. In fact,
minimizing waste and emissions also means increasing the degree of use of
materials and energy used for production (increasing ecological efficiency). On the
other hand, the reduction of negative impacts throughout the life cycle of the product,
that is, from the extraction of raw materials to final disposal. As mentioned above,
cleaner production is the application of a preventive strategy and methodology.

Now, how can industries optimize the use of waste? Industries can optimize the use
of waste, through the circular economy, where the value of products, materials and
resources is maintained in the economy for as long as possible, and the generation
of waste minimized, that is, a system of use of resources whose pillar is the use of
the 4 "R" reduce, reuse, repair and recycle, with this model, a circular cycle is
established that avoids the waste of natural resources, so much so that the
companies that have implemented This system is proving that reusing resources is
more profitable than creating them from scratch. As a consequence, producer prices
are reduced, so that the sale price decreases. For this reason, the circular economy
is attractive and has generated a general awareness and willingness to act among
governments and industries and not only that, but also

To support the implementation of the Sustainable Development Goals. It is important

to note that circular economy solutions that mark a change in practice are scarce,
one of the reasons for this is the lack of quantitative indicators that demonstrate the
relevance from an environmental perspective, therefore, the indicators and
environmental goals are necessary to ensure that the economy becomes not only
circular, but also sustainable.

Procedure of a sustainability metric.

The first step of the procedure consists of configuring the process inventory and
compiling technical data based on the studied system or technological alternatives.
The sustainability objectives are established first, so the method proceeds to select
process alternatives, considering specific criteria, data associated with adequate
routes, capacity design, renewable raw materials, operating conditions of units, and
the interconnection between process schemes, among others.

The above could imply the application of approximation methods to generate

process alternatives, which can be connected with procedures for synthesis of
processes based on hierarchies, mathematics or hybrid methods.

This information is crucial to develop the process analysis since these variables and
parameters are necessary to evaluate selected technical indicators. Once the data
described is available, the method proceeds to establish sustainability objectives.
The methodology uses these reference values to standardize the indices in the
aggregate weighted sustainability metric.
This methodology can be considered as an emerging and novel technology with the
potential to generate valuable low-cost biomass products, which represents a
promising alternative for new ventures, which could require studying it in more detail
for its development, as shown in the papers. studied in each of its phases.

Sustainability indicators.
Indicators are natural in all parts of everyone's life. Indicators arise from values (we
measure what we care about), and create values (we care what we measure). Now
when the indicators are poorly chosen, they can cause serious malfunctions.
Indicators are often poorly chosen. The choice and use of indicators are processes
full of traps. The choice of indicators is a critical determinant of the behavior of a
system.
Indicators are partial reflections of reality, based on uncertain and imperfect models,
yet we need many indicators because we all have many different purposes but there
may be general purposes that transcend nations and cultures, and therefore there
may be general indicators.
In an overview we need many indicators because we have many worldviews, but
indicators can help narrow the differences between different worldviews. Thus, the
indicators do not need to be purely objective, and in fact few of them are, despite
their difficulties and uncertainties, we cannot get by without indicators and the search
for indicators is evolutionary as the necessary process is for learning indicators.

Environmental sustainability.
The environmental value of a product or material is the core of the new proposed
methodology, to measure the environmental value retention, the environmental
value of a good or product is described as the environmental impact used in its
production.
This represents the previous efforts put into a product and represents a benchmark
of what can be maintained in the system by value retention and recycling processes.
Therefore, we suggest using retained environmental value as an impact-based
measure for the circular economy. This measures the part of the environmental
impact of the production of a material or product that is retained in products and
materials recovered from reuse, remanufacturing or recycling quantifies the part of
the original environmental impact that can be retained in the atmosphere through
processes of retention of value. Since the replacement of the primary material plays
an important role in terms of environmental impacts of recycling systems.
To improve it provides guidance for policy formulation and industry, a holistic vision
that need circular economy strategies. The circular economy is often perceived as
green by default and leading to higher resource efficiency compared to a linear
economy. However, the environmental perspective is not usually explicitly
evaluated, which leads to poorly informed and sometimes erroneous decisions, for
example, following the hierarchy of value retention processes where they do not
always result in the greatest environmental benefit, circuit recycling. Closed is not
always more beneficial than recycling, and open loop remanufacturing is not always
environmentally preferable to recycling.
Bibliography.

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 Loayza Perez & Silva Meza. (2013). Revista de la Facultad de Ingenieria
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 Farrás. (2019). La Vanguardia. LA SOSTENIBILIDAD, EL GRAN RETO DE
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