U.S.

Department of the Interior Scientific Investigations Map 3386

U.S. Geological Survey Pamphlet accompanies map

98˚07’30” 5
85000 m E 5
86 5
87 5
88 5
89 5
90 5
91 5
92 2’30” 5
93 5
94 5
95 5
96 98˚00’
30˚07’30” 30˚07’30”

D
U

Kgrf Kgrf
Kgrf
33 000 m
32 N
Kgrue
33
32

Kgrue
U
Trinity aquifer
D
Kgrf

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U
Kgrcb D

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33
31

Kgrue FA
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T
33
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Kgrcb
Stuart City Reef

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Trend
Kgrue

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Kgrcb CR
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33
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33
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BALCONES FAULT ZONE An Pr lf O
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COUAYS
33
29
Johnson
£
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Dripping

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290 City Springs
Kgrue
£
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290
97°52'30"
Kwc 98°37'30"
Driftwood Quadrangle
Kgrb Kgrcb Blanco River Blanco
Buda
U Twin
Sisters iver Wimberley
5’ D 5´ Little Blanco R L Kyle
30°00'00" Guadalu A Y
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33
O
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28 San
99°22'30" C Lake Marcos
§
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Magic Springs
£
33

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Kgrle 28 10

KENDALL
River

COUNTY
281

U
V
Honey
16 Creek Wimberley
99°00'00"
Kgrcb Quadrangle
Med U
V 173
U
V
46
Bulverde

§
¨
¦
in Boerne New
Braunfels 35

a
BANDERA
COUNTY
Kwc Pipe Creek
River Camp
U
§
¨
¦
Bandera Stanley
10
D Camp Comal Springs
Bullis
EXPLANATION
§
¨
Sa
¦
33
27 29°37'30" 1604
n 35
Kkd Edwards aquifer

An
33
27 San

toni
Trinity aquifer BALCONES FAULT ZONE Medina
Lake
Antonio

o
USGS 7.5-minute quadrangle
study area boundary
Government Canyon
State Natural
Area
§
¦
¨ 410
§
¨
¦
10
Saint
Hedwig
U
Balcones fault zone R

ive
Kgrf D dina
Me

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0 5 10 15 20 MILES £
¤River
281
D Base modified from U.S. Geological Survey digital §
¨
¦
35

33
26
Kwc D data at 1:100,000-scale
Universal Transverse Mercator, zone 14
0 5 10 15 20 KILOMETERS
29°15'00"
Somerset
§
¨
¦
37

U North American Datum of 1983

33
26 BE
U
Kwc
U D CO XAR
UN
TY

Kgrb Figure 1. Location of the study area, Driftwood and Wimberley 7.5-minute quadrangles, Hays and Comal Counties, Texas. Aquifers from George and others, 2011.
Kkd

Kgrf D
U
Kkd Kwc
Table 1. Summary of bedrock geology and hydrostratigraphy of the Edwards and Trinity aquifers within the Driftwood and Wimberley 7.5-minute quadrangles, Hays and Comal Counties, Tex.
33
25 Kgrcb
33
[Period, Epoch, Group, Formation, members, and lithology modified from Imlay (1945), Whitney (1952), Lozo and Stricklin (1956), Stricklin and others (1971), Rose (1972), Stricklin and Smith (1973), Amsbury (1974), Inden
25
Kgrle U (1974), Perkins (1974), Clark and others (2009, 2013, 2014), Weirman and others (2010), Blome and Clark (2014), and the U.S. Geological Survey National Geologic Map Database, GEOLEX
Kgrlb
(http://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Geoloex.html); Orbitolina minuta (Douglas, 1960), Orbitolina texana (Roemer, 1852); aquifers from Maclay and Small (1976), and Ashworth (1983); thickness from outcrop, Clark and others (2009,
D D
2014), Weirman and others (2010); hydrologic function modified from outcrop (Clark and others, 2009, 2013, 2014; Weirman and others, 2010; Clark and Morris, 2015); porosity types modified from Choquette and Pray
Kgrb
U (1970).
Kkd Fabric selective: IP, Interparticle porosity; IC, Intercrystalline porosity; SH, Shelter porosity; MO, Moldic porosity; BU, Burrowed porosity; FE, Fenestral; BP, Bedding plane porosity.
U Not-fabric selective: FR, Fracture porosity; CH, Channel porosity; BR, Breccia; VUG, vug porosity; CV, Cave porosity; *no further subdivision; **not present in the study area]
D Geology Hydrostratigraphy

Hydrostratigraphic unit1
(formal and informal)
Kgrts U D U LT

Map abbreviations
33
24
FA

Hydrologic unit
33
24 Thickness2

Formation
Kgrb

and color
Member
T 7

(HSU)
Period

Group
Epoch
UL (outcrop in the Hydrologic Porosity
FA Lithology and ichnology Field identification
study area, function type
Kwc Kgrcb
in feet)
2´30” 2´30”

Kwc U Fossiliferous blue-green to yellow-brown Clay, holds water,

Del Rio
Confining

Clay
Kgrts clay, packstone, iron nodules; Ilymatogyra Kdr 40–50 Confining None fossiliferous; Ilymatogyra
K

*
EE 90 D unit

Late Cretaceous
CR arietina arietina
Kgrhc

Washita
Kgrd
33
23

Georgetown
49
Reddish-brown, gray to light tan shaley Black dendrites, iron
Kgrr L EY mudstone and wackestone, black dendrites, nodules and staining,
ER Kg I 20–30 Confining MO

*
MB iron nodules, iron staining; Plesioturrilites Plesioturrilites brazoensis,
WI brazoensis, Waconella wacoensis Waconella wacoensis
M
Kgrhc TO Kwc
Kwc
Kkd

(undivided)
Thin graded cycles;

Cyclic and
Pelletal limestone, mudstone, miliolid MO, BU,

marine
massive beds to relatively
grainstone, packstone, chert (bedded and Kpcm II 80–90 Aquifer VUG, BP,
thin beds; cross-beds,
Kgrb Kkd large nodules); caprinid, cross-bedded FR, CV
33
caprinids
22
33
Kkke 22
Recrystallized limestone, mudstone, Bioturbated iron-stained

Leached and

(undivided)
Kkg

collapsed
wackestone, packstone, grainstone; chert BU, VUG, beds separated by

Person
Kkke (bedded and large nodules); iron-stained, Kplc III 70–90 Aquifer FR, BP, massive limestone beds;
stromatolitic, Toucasia sp., Montastrea BR, CV stromatolitic limestone,
Kgrf
roemeriana, oysters Montastrea roemeriana
Kgrle

Kkd

Regional dense
Kgrue Dense, shaley, mudstone, wackestone, Wispy iron-oxide stains,
Kplc oyster-shell mudstone and wackestone, Kprd IV 20 Confining FR, CV thin bedded, often white
33
21 Kgrcb Kwc iron staining, chert in aerial photographs

Edwards aquifer
33
21

11

Grainstone
Miliolid, skeletal fragmented grainstone, IP, BU, Cross-bedded, ripple

Edwards
T
UL mudstone, wackestone; chert (beds and Kkg V 40 Aquifer FR, BP, marks, miliolid
FA nodules); cross-bedded and ripple marked grainstone
CV

Highly altered crystalline limestone, chalky

Kgrle mudstone, occasional grainstone associated

Kirschberg
IP, MO,

evaporite
33
20 Boxwork porosity with
with tidal channels; chert (beds and nodules); VUG, FR,
Kkke VI 40–50 Aquifer neospar and travertine
D 33
20000 m N coarse-grained spar, breccia and travertine, BR, CV
Kgrcb frame
Kwc dissolution has removed all evaporites in
U Kkke the study area
Kainer

90
Kprd Kplc IP, IC,
Dolomitc

Chert (absent in lower 20 ft), dolomitic Massively bedded light

mudstone, wackestone, packstone, MO, BU, gray, Toucasia sp.,
Kkd VII 90–120 Aquifer
EY

VUG, FR, abundant

RL

12 grainstone
D
BE

BP, CV
IM
W

Kkd U
nodular

Shaley, nodular limestone, burrowed Massive, nodular and

Basal

mudstone, wackestone, packstone, miliolid Kkbn mottled limestone, BRBs

Aquifer,
grainstone, dolomite, contains dark, spherical and orange wisps,
30˚00’ 30˚00’ confining unit in IP, MO,
textural features locally known as black Ceratostreon
VIII 40 areas without
Walnut Clay

rotund bodies (BRBs); caprinid, Ceratostreon BU, BP, [Exogyra] texana, seeps
caves FR, CV
Kwc [Exogyra] texana, miliolid, gastropods; area and springs, ferns
Kkd transitions to basal nodular containing oyster Kwc growing near contact of
*

D beds and shale underlying unit

Kkd D
U Kwc
U
Kgrue Alternating beds of
Alternating beds of burrowed wackestone, BU, BP,
230 limestone and argillaceous
packstone, miliolid grainstone, argillaceous Kgrcb Camp Bullis Confining FR,
limestone, fossils rare,
Kgrcb limestone occasional
U stair-step topography
33
CV
18000 m N
D 33
18
D
Dissolved evaporites, highly altered
U Upper 10 IP, MO,
crystalline limestone and chalky mudstone, Kgrue Aquifer Spring and seeps
U U evaporite BU, BR
Kwc breccia, boxwork voids
Kgrf
D Upper zone of the Trinity aquifer
Kkd
D D U Alternating wackestone, packstone,
Kgrue miliolid grainstone, argillaceous limestone,
U D mudstone, silty mudstone at base;
Upper

Kkd Limestone and

U Hemiaster sp., Neithea sp., Orbitolina minuta
D MO, BU, argillaceous limestone,
D (Douglas, 1960), Porocystis golobularis, Kgrf Fossiliferous 120–130 Semi-confining
Kgrf FR, CV Orbitolina minuta
Cretaceous

33
17 U Protocardia texana, Tapes decepta,
(Douglas, 1960)
Turritella sp., gastropods, mollusks;
33
17 (section not subdivided into an upper and
lower unit as in Bexar and Comal Counties)
Early Cretaceous

Kkd
9072
D Weathers to an orangish
red with a pebbly texture,
U Dissolved evaporites, highly altered
IP, MO, often has less cedar
D crystalline limestone and chalky mudstone, Lower
Kgrle 10 Aquifer BU, BR growth and thicker grasses,
breccia, boxwork voids; Corbula beds evaporite
Kgrue Kgrcb Kgrcb boxwork porosity,
U LT
U Corbula sp., spring and
FA
seeps
33
16 75 Kkd
33
16
Salinia texana bed
U
Kkke immediately below
D Wackestone, grainstone, argillaceous
Corbula bed, abundant
wackestone, shale, evaporites;
fossils including
D monopleurid, Toucasia sp.,
U Kkke Bulverde 30–40 MO, BR, Porocystis golobularis,
Macraster sp., Nerinia sp., Orbitolina Kgrb Semi-confining
(typically 30) BP, FR Orbitolina texana
Kgrf texana (Roemer, 1852), Porocystis
(Roemer, 1852),
Kkd golobularis, Salenia texana, gastropods,
Macraster sp., Nerinia sp.,
pecten, and pelecypods
pecten, gastropods,
Kwc pelecypods
Y
33
15 LLE Kkg
VA 33
15
Kgrcb Limestone beds thicker
Glen Rose Limestone

D Kprd Mudstone, wackestone, argillaceous

D and more resistive to
wackestone, boundstone; caprinid,
Trinity aquifer

U Kplc 30–40 MO, BU, erosion than overlying and

monopleurid, Toucasia sp., Kgrlb Little Blanco Aquifer
Trinity

(typically 30) BP, FR underlying units, Orbitolina

U Orbitolina texana (Roemer, 1852),
texana (Roemer, 1852),
50 gastropods, pectens, pelecypods
patch reefs
57’30” 57’30”
Kkd D
Stephen’s sink
U Thick argillaceous beds,
33
Kkke
14 thin shale beds, Orbitolina
U 33
14 texana (Roemer, 1852),
Kplc contains ponds and
D Argillaceous wackestone, shale; Orbitolina Semi-confining; seeps, often little
N
DE 30–40
Kwc HID texana (Roemer, 1852), gastropods, Kgrts Twin Sisters Confining IP vegetation, steeper slopes
Middle zone of the Trinity aquifer

U pelecypods (typically 30) shale beds often with “badlands” type

Kgrcb D D weathering, thinner in areas
D Kkd where patch reefs are
U
U Kkke present in the underlying
Lower

Kkg Doeppenschmidt HSU

Kgrue Kwc
Kkke
33 60
13 Orbitolina texana
33
13 (Roemer, 1852),
Mudstone, wackestone, packstone,
6 40–80 IP, MO, limestone beds thicker
grainstone, boundstone, argillaceous
Doeppen- (typically 40) BU, BP, and more resistive
Kwc Kkg wackestone and packstone, miliolid Kgrd Aquifer
50 schmidt FR, CV than overlying and
grainstone; caprinid, Toucasia sp.
underlying patch reefs
formed on rudist, reefal
talus
Kkd
Kkke
Kkke

Alternating beds of argillaceous wackestone,

33
12 packstone; mudstone, wackestone, Forms stair-step
33
12 packstone, grainstone, milliolid grainstone; 40–70 topography with soils,
D Kgrr Rust Semi-confining IP, FR, CV
monopleurid, Nerinia sp., Orbitolina (typically 40) Orbitolina texana
Kwc U Kkd Kpcm texana (Roemer, 1852), Tylostoma sp., (Roemer, 1852)
and oysters, pectens, and pelecypods

D
Kkd
U U Thick beds of
wackestone, packstone,
D grainstone; corals,
U Wackestone, packstone, grainstone, IP, MO, caprinid, Trigonia sp.,
Kkd D U boundstone, burrows; caprinid, miliolid, 45–60 BU, BP, cliff forming; outcrop
33
11 Kwc Orbitolina texana (Roemer, 1852), Kgrhc Honey Creek (typically 55) Aquifer
D FR, CH, often contains large
33
11 Toucasia sp., Trigonia sp., Turritella sp.,
Kkke CV limestone float with large
Kwc various corals, pectens, shell fragments
channel and moldic
D
porosity, caves and
U springs
Kgrcb
1
Informal
Kwc 2
Thickness range based on field mapping in the study area
U
D Kkke
98°15’00” 98°07’30” 98°00’00” 97°52’30”
33
10
EXPLANATION OF HYDROSTRATIGRAPHIC UNITS
30°15’00”
Kgrcb 33
10
Member Informal
U Kplc hydrostratigraphic HENLY DRIPPING SIGNAL
Formation (Formal and informal)
55’ D 33
55’ unit SPRINGS HILL
D Kwc
U U D Upper Confining
U Del Rio Clay Kdr
*

Kkke Unit (UCU)

D D U
Georgetown Kg I
*

Kprd Kkg Kpcm II

Kkd D Cyclic and marine, undivided Kpcm 30°07’30”
U U
D Person Leached and collapsed, undivided Kplc III
33
09
D ROUGH HOLLOW DRIFTWOOD MOUNTAIN
33 Regional dense member Kprd IV CITY
09
Kkd U
Grainstone Kkg V
Kkbn Kkg
Kainer Kirschberg evaporite Kkke VI

Dolomitic Kkd VII 30°00’00”

U D
Walnut Kkbn
Clay Basal nodular VIII
*

Kwc
DEVILS WIMBERLEY SAN MARCOS
Kgrcb Camp Bullis BACKBONE NORTH
Kg
Kplc
33
08 Upper Glen Rose Kgrue Upper evaporite
Kkbn 33
08 Limestone Fossiliferous
Kgrf
D
D U Kgrle Lower evaporite
Kkd U 29°52’30”
Kkke
Glen Rose Kgrb Bulverde
Kkke
U Limestone Little Blanco
Kgrlb
Kkg Kplc SATTLER HUNTER SAN MARCOS
D Kpcm Kgrts Twin Sisters SOUTH
Lower Glen Rose
U
Limestone Doeppenschmidt
Kgrd
33
Kdr D
07
Kgrr Rust
33
07 29°45’00”
Kgrhc Honey Creek
Index map showing map area in yellow and adjacent
D
U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) 7.5-minute
U
Kkg quadrangles.
D
Kg
U U MAP EXPLANATION
D Kkd Kplc U
Kkg Fault—Type unspecified, dashed where inferred; U, upthrown block;
D U D
33
06 D, downthrown block CONVERSION FACTORS
Kkke
U U 33
06 000 m
N Multiply By To obtain
Contact—Between hydrostratigraphic units
Kkke Kkke D D Length
Kkke Kkg Kpcm
D
Corbula bed contact—The Corbula sp. bed inch (in.) 2.54 centimeter (cm)
D
Kdr inch (in.) 25.4 millimeter (mm)
Kprd
U Study boundary foot (ft) 0.3048 meter (m)
U Kplc
U mile (mi)
Kprd D 1.609 kilometer (km)
Kprd Kkd
50 Strike and dip of hydrostratigraphic unit
Kkd
29˚52’30” 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5
29˚52’30” Cave—Orientation unspecified
98˚07’30” 85 86 87 88 89 90 91 92 2’30” 93 94000 m E 5
95 5
96 98˚00’
Sink
Base from U.S. Geological Survey 7.5-minute quadrangles 4°
SCALE 1: 24 000 Original data were collected in the field with the use of handheld global
Driftwood 1964, rev. 1986; and Wimberley, Tex. 1989 1 0 1 MILE positioning system (GPS) enabled devices. While in the field mapping,
NORTH

1/ 2 Spring
TRUE NORTH

U.S. Geological Survey bases downloaded from and cropped by TEXAS attributes were tagged to the waypoints.
MAGNETIC

Texas Natural Resources Information System accessed on 1000 0 1000 2000 3000 4000 5000 6000 7000 FEET Lithologic and hydrostratigraphic descriptions are from field observations
March 2017 at https://tnris.org/ 1 .5 0 1 KILOMETER and previous investigations.
Any use of trade, firm, or product names is for descriptive purposes only and does Publishing support provided by
North American Datum of 1983 (NAD83) Digital cartography and geographic information systems (GIS) database Denver Publishing Service Center
APPROXIMATE MEAN LOCATION OF QUADRANGLES not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government.
Universal Transverse Mercator Projection, zone 14 DECLINATION, 2016 by Diana E. Pedraza To learn about the USGS and its information products visit
CONTOUR INTERVAL 20 FEET
Edit and digital layout by J.A. Herrick http://www.usgs.gov/
NORTH AMERICAN VERTICAL DATUM OF 1988 Although this information product, for the most part, is in the public domain, it also
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Bedrock Geology and Hydrostratigraphy of the Edwards and Trinity Aquifers Within the data described and/or contained herein.

This map or plate is offered as an online-only, digital publication. Users should be

aware that, because of differences in rendering processes and pixel resolution,

Driftwood and Wimberley 7.5-Minute Quadrangles, Hays and Comal Counties, Texas some slight distortion of scale or color may occur when viewing it on a computer
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By ScienceBase citation: Clark, A.K., Pedraza, D.E., and Morris, R.R., 2017, Data release of the bedrock geology and hydrostratigraphy of the Edwards and Trinity aquifers
within the Driftwood and Wimberley 7.5-minute quadrangles, Hays and Comal Counties, Texas: U.S. Geological Survey data release, https://doi.org/10.5066/F76D5RXQ.
Allan K. Clark and Robert R. Morris Suggested citation: Clark, A.K., and Morris, R.R., 2017, Bedrock geology and hydrostratigraphy of the Edwards and Trinity aquifers within the Driftwood and Wimberley
https://doi.org/10.3133/sim3386 7.5-minute quadrangles, Hays and Comal Counties, Texas: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Map 3386, 12 p., 1 sheet, scale 1:24,000,
2017 ISSN 2329-132X (online) https://doi.org/10.3133/sim3386.