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Procedia Engineering 205 (2017) 2670–2676 www.elsevier.com/locate/procedia

10th
10th International
International Symposium
Symposium on
on Heating,
Heating, Ventilation
Ventilation and
and Air
Air Conditioning,
Conditioning, ISHVAC2017,
ISHVAC2017,
19-22
10th International Symposium
19-22 October
on Heating,
October 2017, Jinan,
Ventilation
2017, China
and
Jinan, Air Conditioning, ISHVAC2017,
China
10th International Symposium on Heating,
19-22 OctoberVentilation
2017, Jinan,and Air Conditioning, ISHVAC2017,
China
19-22 October 2017, Jinan, China
Hydraulic
Hydraulic modeling
modeling and
and experimental
experimental study study of of three
three heat
heat
Hydraulic modeling
sources and and experimental study
study of three heat
of three
Hydraulic
sources and three
modeling andrings
three heating
heating networks
experimental
rings networks heat
sources
sources and three
andZhou
three rings heating networks
Shoujun a, **, rings heating networks
, Pu
Pu Gong ,,Tao
a, aa b a
Shoujun Zhou Gong Tao Wang
Wangb, and Haiming Lia
, and Haiming Li
Shoujun Zhou , Pu Gong ,a, * a
a Tao Wang b
b, and Haiming Liaa
Shoujun Zhou , Pu Gong ,a, * Shandong Jianzhu
School of Thermal Engineering, Tao Wang
University, , and Haiming
Jinan250101 China Li
aa
a
School of Thermal Engineering, Shandong Jianzhu University, Jinan250101 China
bb
Shandong Judge Training College, Jinan, China 250013
a b
Shandong Judge Training College, Jinan, China 250013
School of Thermal Engineering, Shandong Jianzhu University, Jinan250101 China
a
School of Thermal
b Engineering,
Shandong Shandong
Judge Training Jianzhu
College, University,
Jinan, Jinan250101 China
China 250013
b
Shandong Judge Training College, Jinan, China 250013

Abstract
Abstract
Abstract
Abstract
For
For the
the further
further research
research on on the
the hydraulic
hydraulic characteristics
characteristics of
of multi-source
multi-source and and multi-ring
multi-ring heating
heating network
network polycyclic,
polycyclic, this
this paper
paper
based
For on the
theonfurther
based fluid network
research
the fluid network analysis,
onanalysis, the
the hydraulic hydraulic intersection
characteristics
the hydraulic user virtual
of multi-source
intersection segmentation,
user virtualand at
multi-ring heating
segmentation, the ends of
network
at the ends common pipe
polycyclic,
of common set
set virtual
pipe this paper
virtual
users
For the
based
users or
or virtual
onfurther heat
the fluid
virtual source
research
network
heat source modeling
onanalysis,
modeling method,
the hydraulic
the the
hydraulic
method, hydraulic
characteristics
the intersection
hydraulic simulation
of multi-source model
user virtual
simulation and of
of three
three heat
multi-ring
segmentation,
model heat sources
heating
at the ends
sources and
network
and three rings
polycyclic,
of common
three rings of aa heating
ofthis
pipe set paper
virtual
heating
pipe
basednetwork
users
pipe onvirtual
or
network is
the fluidestablished
isheatnetwork
established by
by using
source analysis,
modeling MATLAB
usingthe
method,
MATLAB theplatform.
hydraulic hydraulicBased
intersection
platform. useron
simulation
Based the experimental
onvirtual
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segmentation,
experimental heatat the
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of the
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and
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three rings
multi-source heat
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heat supply
virtual
a heating
supply
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usersnetwork
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or virtualisheat
three heat sources
source
established
heat by and
modeling
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using
and ideal
ideal working
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MATLAB
rings working conditions
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hydraulicBased
conditions and
simulation
on the
andthe variation
model
experimental
the variation of
of the
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three ringsare
multi-source
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on
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and experimentally studied. The results show that under the 3 different conditions, the conditions,
experimental
the variation of the maximum
maximum absolute value of relative
platform
the two of the
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multi-source
conditions are of
heat supply
simulated
relative
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and of
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errorexperimentally
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data the
andThe
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andresults
rings ideal
experimental data
showworking
that were
dataunder
were 1.30%,
conditions
the 1.26%
and
3 different
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and 1.09%,
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of the verify
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andresults show that
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and the accuracy
3 different
accuracy of.
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and maximum
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© 2017
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scientific committee of the 10th International
10th10th
of the International Symposium
Symposium
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on
on Heating,
Heating, Ventilation
Ventilation
on Heating,
and
and and
Ventilation
©
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Conditioning.
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scientific committee of the 10th International Symposium on Heating, Ventilation and
Air Conditioning.
Peer-review under responsibility of the scientific committee of the 10th International Symposium on Heating, Ventilation and
Air Conditioning.
Air Conditioning.
Keywords: three heat sources and three rings, hydraulic intersection user, Virtual heat source, simulation model，common pipe section
Keywords: three heat sources and three rings, hydraulic intersection user, Virtual heat source, simulation model，common pipe section
Keywords: three heat sources and three rings, hydraulic intersection user, Virtual heat source, simulation model，common pipe section
Keywords: three heat sources and three rings, hydraulic intersection user, Virtual heat source, simulation model，common pipe section

1.
1. Introduction
Introduction
1. Introduction
1. Introduction
Central
Central heating
heating isis the
the main
main way
way ofof heating
heating in in winter
winter inin the
the northern
northern hemisphere[1].
hemisphere[1]. In In order
order toto improve
improve the
the
competitive
Central advantage
heating is of
the central
main heating,
way of multi-source
heating in winternetworking
in the is a
northernvery important
hemisphere[1].
competitive advantage of central heating, multi-source networking is a very important way. Our country way.
In Our country
order to at
at present
improve the
present
theCentrallayout
heating is the main way of heating in winter in theand
northern hemisphere[1]. way.InOur
order to improve
the main
competitive
main layout of
of single
advantage source
of central
single branch
branch network,
source heating, multi-source
network, its
its security and isreliability
networking
security a very
reliability are
are increasingly
important
increasingly unable
country
unable to
toatmeet the
present
meet the
competitive
needs of advantage of central heating, multi-source networking isreliability
a very important way. Our country atmeet
present
the main
needs of people's
layout
people'soflife
life and
single production,
and source branch
production, and
and in
in the
the multi-source
network, its security
multi-source heating
and
heating network
networkaretechnology
increasingly
technology still lacks
lackstosystematic
unable
still the
systematic
the
and main
needs layout
accurate of single
understanding
of people's source
of branch
the
life and production, network,
management its
levelsecurity
and in the multi-sourceis low.and reliability
Although are
many increasingly
urban heating unable
pipe to meet
network the
in
and accurate understanding of the management level is low.heating
Although network
manytechnology
urban heatingstill pipe
lacks network
systematic
in
needs
and of
accordance people's
with
accuratewith life
the and
ring
understanding production,
design, but
of the and
most in
of the
the multi-source
actual operationheating
of thenetwork
branch technology
pipe network.still
At lacks systematic
present, how to
accordance the ring design, butmanagement
most of the actuallevel operation
is low. Although manypipe
of the branch urban heatingAtpipe
network. network
present, in
how to
and accuratewith
improve understanding of the
butmanagement level operation
is heating
low. Although many urban heatingAtpipe network in
improve the
accordance the application
the ringand
application development
design,
and developmentmostof ofmulti-source
of the actual
multi-source heating technology
of the branch
technology is
is aapipe
very important
verynetwork.
important problem.
present,
problem. how to
accordance
Most with
countriesthein ring design, but most of the actual operation of the branch pipe network. At present, how to
improve
Most the in the
application
countries theandworld are
are in
in the
development
world theofstudy of
of multi-source
multi-source
study of
of circular
heating technology
multi-source pipe
circular is
pipe network
a very heating
important
network heating mode,
mode, many
problem. many
improve
developed the application
countries on and
thedevelopment
multi-source ofstudy
multi-source
heating heatinghas
technology technology
become is a very
increasinglyimportant problem.
mature[2]. In
Most countries in the world are in the of multi-source of circular
developed countries on the multi-source heating technology has become increasingly mature[2]. pipe network heating In China,
mode, many
China,
Most countries
Professor in the theworld are inUniversity
the study of technology
multi-source of become
circular pipe network mature[2].
heating mode, many
Professor Shi
developed Zhaoyu
Zhaoyuonof
countries
Shi of Tsinghua
multi-source
Tsinghua heating
University based
based on
on graph
graphhastheory
theory and genetic
genetic algorithm,
andincreasingly algorithm, calculated by
In China,
calculated by
developed
programming
Professor countries
method
Shi method on
to the multi-source
optimize
Zhaoyutoofoptimize
Tsinghua the heating
hydraulic technology
calculation and has become
operation of increasingly
multi-source mature[2].
network In China,
regulation[3],
programming the University based on and
hydraulic calculation graph theory of
operation andmulti-source
genetic algorithm,
network calculated
regulation[3],by
Professor
Qin Xuzhong Shi method
ZhaoyutoYi ofoptimize
Tsinghua University based on graph theory of and genetic algorithm, calculated by
Qin Xuzhong and
programming and Jiang
Jiang Yi conducted
conductedthe the optimal
hydraulic
the scheduling
optimalcalculation
schedulingand of
of multi-source
operation
multi-source network[4],
multi-source
network[4], many other
network
many scholars
scholars also
otherregulation[3],
also
programming
made
Qin a lot of method
specific to optimize
research on the hydraulic
heating the calculation
technology of and operation
multi-source[5], of multi-source
put forward network
many regulation[3],
valuable opinions.
madeXuzhong and Jiang
a lot of specific Yi conducted
research on heatingthe optimal scheduling
the technology of multi-source network[4],
of multi-source[5], put forward many other valuablescholars also
opinions.
Qin
madeXuzhong and Jiang
a lot of specific Yi conducted
research on heatingthe optimal scheduling
the technology of multi-source network[4],
of multi-source[5], put forward manymany other
valuablescholars also
opinions.
made a lot of specific research on heating the technology
* Corresponding author. Tel.:+86-135-8311-9261; fax: +86-531-8636-1958. of multi-source[5], put forward many valuable opinions.
* Corresponding author. Tel.:+86-135-8311-9261; fax: +86-531-8636-1958.
*E-mail
E-mail
address:zsjun7342@sina.com
Corresponding author. Tel.:+86-135-8311-9261; fax: +86-531-8636-1958.
address:zsjun7342@sina.com
* Corresponding author. Tel.:+86-135-8311-9261; fax: +86-531-8636-1958.
1877-7058address:zsjun7342@sina.com
E-mail © 2017 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd.
E-mail address:zsjun7342@sina.com
1877-7058
1877-7058 ©
© 2017
2017 The
The Authors.
Authors. Published
Published by
by Elsevier
Elsevier Ltd.
Ltd.
Peer-review
Peer-reviewunder
under responsibility
responsibility ofof
thethe scientific
scientific committee
committee of theof theInternational
10th 10th International Symposium
Symposium on Heating, on Heating,
Ventilation Ventilation
and Air and
Peer-review
Air1877-7058 © 2017 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd. of the 10th International Symposium on Heating, Ventilation and Air
under
Conditioning. responsibility of the scientific committee
Conditioning.
1877-7058 ©under
2017responsibility
The Authors. of
Published by Elsevier Ltd. of the 10th International Symposium on Heating, Ventilation and Air
Conditioning.
Peer-review
10.1016/j.proeng.2017.10.220 the scientific committee
Peer-review
Conditioning.under responsibility of the scientific committee of the 10th International Symposium on Heating, Ventilation and Air
Conditioning.
 ShoujunShoujun
Zhou, et Zhou
al. / Procedia Engineering
et al. / Procedia 00 (2017) 000–000
Engineering 205 (2017) 2670–2676 2671

However, there is lack of research on the establishment of the hydraulic simulation model of the annular pipe
network in the domestic literature, and there is a lack of methods for the determination and treatment of the users,
as well as the treatment of the common pipeline and the ring energy equation. This paper makes use of fluid
network analysis method, firstly, the initial flow distribution network to determine the hydraulic intersection user
No. and position, and virtual segmentation, set up a virtual user and virtual heat source, and use MATLAB software
to establish three heat sources and rings heating pipe network of a polycyclic hydraulic simulation model. By using
the simulation model and the multi-source heating network experimental platform has been built polycyclic
respectively through simulation and experiment, considering the error on the basis of the comparison of 3 kinds of
hydraulic conditions were simulated and experimental data similarities and differences in order to prove the
reliability and accuracy of the simulation model.

2. Foundation of hydraulic modeling of heat supply experimental network

The heat supply experimental system has been built includes 18 users and 3 heat sources, The main difference
between supply and return lines is 1.8m,constant pressure point for the return of the inlet of the circulating pump,
the constant pressure mode for three points equivalent pressure, as shown in figure 1. The experimental water
supply pipe topology of three heat sources and three rings is shown in Figure 2, the s represents a node, n represents
a pipe segment , The 3 heat sources respectively represented by the nodes of N1, N9 and N14, 1 heat source
circulation pump head is 12m, 2 and 3 heat source circulating water pump is 10m.

Fig.1 The experimental network diagram Fig.2 The topology diagram of the three heat sources and three rings experimental
network

3. Hydraulic simulation modeling

In this paper, the hydraulic simulation model of the multi heat source multi loop heat supply experimental
pipe network is established，modeling ideas are as follows:
1) The initial flow distribution model of the pipeline network: according to the pipe network structure, the
No. of heat sources and the heat load of the experimental pipe network, to solve the problem of the initial flow
distribution of the annular pipe network, which is the first model of the simulation model;
2) Simplified hydraulic calculation model of the user and the public intersection pipeline and single source
branch network of users and the intersection of hydraulic: hydraulic pipeline public simplified hydraulic modeling
of three heat source heating network is simplified to three hydraulic modeling several single source tree shaped
heating network, which is the second model of the simulation model of the program;
3）The calculation model of the ring energy equation: the adjustment of the circular pipe network to meet
the requirements of the energy equation of the ring, which is the third model of the simulation model program.
There are two possible conditions for the hydraulic intersection of the annular pipe network, that is, the
hydraulic intersection appears in the pipe section or the user. If the hydraulic junction appears in the pipe section,
the valve is close to the pipe, the two sides of the pipe network are modeled, in more cases, the hydraulic
intersection occurs in the user. In this paper, all the users are divided into 2 users, and the annular pipe network is
divided into branch pipe network [6].

4. Analysis and comparison of 3 hydraulic conditions of simulation model and experimental pipe
network

In this paper, the simulation model and experimental network combined with the three conditions of the three
heat sources and rings network, that is the ideal working condition (C1), a distributor change valve variable
condition (C2) and a user change valve variable condition (C3) simulation model and experimental network are
2672 ShoujunShoujun
Zhou, etZhou
al. / Procedia Engineering
et al. / Procedia 00 (2017) 205
Engineering 000–000
(2017) 2670–2676

analyzed.
By measuring the average value of many times, we can get the difference of the installation height of each user.
Before the operation of the experimental pipe network, the online monitoring system is used to collect the data of
the import and export pressure meter of each user, and the average value of each user can be obtained from the
experiment, as shown in table 1.

Table1 Height difference of installation and experiment of the users in the static state
User
numb 1 2 3 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18
er
height
differen
ce of 12. 12. 12. 12. 12. 12. 12. 12. 12. 12. 12. 12. 12. 12. 12. 12. 12.
installat 50 56 52 52 58 57 59 56 55 69 66 66 65 70 81 81 59
ion
[m]
supply
water
pressure 8.8 8.8 8.7 8.8 9.1 9.0 9.0 8.6 8.9 9.0 9.0 8.8 9.1 8.9 8.8 8.8 8.4
[kPa]
return
water 21. 20. 21. 21. 20. 21. 21. 20. 21. 21. 20. 20. 21. 20. 21. 21. 20.
pressure 0 9 2 6 9 0 1 5 0 2 8 9 0 8 0 3 6
[kPa]
experim
ental
height 12. 12. 12. 12. 11. 12. 12. 11. 12. 12. 11. 12. 11. 12. 12. 12. 12.
differen 2 1 5 8 80 0 1 9 1 10 80 1 90 4 20 50 20
ce
[m]
relative - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
error 2.1
[%] 2.4 3.8 0.1 6.6 4.7 4.0 5.5 3.7 4.0 6.7 4.6 5.9 2.4 4.7 2.4 3.1
9
0 0 6 1 5 5 5 2 2 9 3 3 2 6 8 0

Table 1 shows, the relative error of installing high with 4 users and the high of the absolute value of the
difference is greater than 5% in 18 users, the relative error of 12, the largest user, is 6.79%, which belongs to the
measurement error of pressure gauge, need to be considered after experimental data analysis.
Considering the network operation process, the circulating pump operating point is No.t completely fixed, the
measurement data also fluctuates constantly, in 3 different conditions in the course of the experiment, this paper
collected 150 sets of measurement data, the average experimental analysis.

4.1 Ideal conditions of three heat sources and three rings

First of all, three heat source three ring ideal conditions of the experiment, recorded as C1 condition. Under the
condition of C1, the topological structure of the water supply pipe in the experimental network is shown in figure
2. The simulation data and experimental data are collected and processed to obtain the corresponding simulation
and experimental data and relative error, as shown in table 2. Among them, C1 operating condition of the user
traffic is 1.5m3/h. It can also draw the C1 condition of the user simulation and experimental pressure difference
diagram, as shown in figure 3.
From the initial network flow distribution can be preliminarily determined, provided by the No.1 and No.2 heat
source two flows are in Figure 2 public pipeline (S26) left node (N5) at the confluence, and on the right node (N22)
to dispose of flow, the nodes on both sides of a hydraulic intersection user. So in modeling C1 condition, N5 needs
to be regarded as the hydraulic intersection user of virtual hydraulic pipe network segmentation, but not included
in the intersection of the total number of users, N22 is considered as a virtual heat source node. There are four heat
sources in the experimental pipe network.

Table2 the pressure difference and flow rate and relative error of each user in C1
User 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18
num
ber
Experi
mental 70. 69. 70. 69. 70. 69. 69. 69. 68. 70. 70. 70. 69. 69. 69. 70. 70. 70.
height
differe
nce 31 90 05 67 12 91 42 15 92 07 14 26 44 14 42 15 19 90
[kPa]
Simula
tion
pressu 70. 70. 70. 70. 70. 70. 69. 69. 69. 70. 70. 70. 70. 69. 70. 70. 70. 70.
re
differe 41 12 08 02 24 22 54 33 15 08 14 28 23 91 02 18 21 92
nce
[kPa]
Relati
ve
error - - - - - - - - - - 0 - - - - - - -
[%]
 Shoujun Zhou, et al.
Shoujun / Procedia
Zhou et al. / Engineering 00 (2017) 000–000
Procedia Engineering 205 (2017) 2670–2676 2673

0.1 0.3 0.0 0.5 0.1 0.4 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.0 0.0 1.1 1.1 0.8 0.0 0.0 0.0

4 1 4 0 7 4 7 6 3 1 3 4 1 6 4 3 3
Experi
mental
flow[ 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.4 1.5 1.4 1.4 1.5 1.5 1.4 1.4 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.4 1.4
m3·h
−1 01 04 02 00 98 02 99 95 15 06 96 96 01 02 04 11 98 96
]
Simula
tion
flow[ 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5
m3·h
−1
00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00
]
Relati - - - - - - -
ve 0.0 0.2 0.1 0.0 0.1 1.0 0.4 0.0 0.1 0.2 0.7
error 0.1 0.0 0.3 0.2 0.2 0.1 0.2
7 7 3 0 3 0 0 7 3 7 3
[%] 3 7 3 7 7 3 7

Fig.3 Simulation and experimental pressure difference of the pipeline network

Found by the experimental data of C1 conditions, The mean flux of No.1 heat source is 9.83m3/h, and the
design flow of each user is 1.5m3/h, and 1 to 3 and 18 to 16 user pressure were gradually reduced, to ensure the
flow balance of the pipe network, No.3 and No.16 users will have a hydraulic intersection user. From Figure 2the
pipe resistance distribution, namely No.1 left and right sides of heat pipe diameter, length and No. of pieces of
local resistance can be seen, the total resistance of lower 1 to 3 user side network. So it can be concluded that the
No.16 is the hydraulic intersection user, and the simulation data is consistent with the experimental data. Therefore,
from the experimental data and simulation data, we can see that the No.16 is the hydraulic intersection user.
As can be seen from Figure 2, No.7, No.8 and No.9 users located between the heat source No.2 and No.3. And
the circulation of the two pump is the same, so there is one hydraulic intersection user in the 3 users. As can be
seen from table 2 and figure 3, No.9 is the lowest pressure difference user. so the hydraulic intersection user is
No.9. As can be seen from table 1, the relative error of No. 7, No. 8 and No. 9 is larger, which are -4.75%, -4.05%
and -5.55%, respectively. The results show that the experimental pressure difference between the three users is
small.
As can be seen from figure 2, No.10 to No.15 users located between the heat source three and the virtual heat
source , so there is one hydraulic intersection user in the 3 users. Similarly, table 2 and figure 5 can be concluded
that the hydraulic intersection user is No.14.
In summary, the comprehensive analysis of the experimental data and the simulation data shows that there are
3 hydraulic intersection users in the experimental pipeline network under the C1 operating conditions, which are
No.9, No.14 and No.16.

4.2 A distributor change valve variable condition of three heat sources and three rings

Firstly, the initial adjustment of the experimental pipe network, after the network to achieve the ideal condition
(design flow of each user is 1.5m3/h). Adjusting smaller the DN60 ball valve between No.3 and No.4 users on the
supply and return water pipe, the resistance of the pipe section is increased, which is denoted as C2 condition. At
the same time, increasing the corresponding pipe resistance in the simulation model, observe the change of
experimental network and simulation model of the hydraulic intersection based on the user's local resistance
changes, and each user pressure and flow changes.
Similarly, table 3 and figure 4 can be drawn, the hydraulic intersection users of the variable conditions are the
No.9,No.13 and No.16 users. Compared with theC1 condition, there is a hydraulic intersection user has changed,
2674 Shoujun Zhou, et al.
Shoujun / Procedia
Zhou et al. / Engineering 00 (2017) 000–000
Procedia Engineering 205 (2017) 2670–2676

that is, Hydraulic interchange users from No. 14 to No. 13. Increasing the resistance of the valve between 3 and 4
users, increases the pipe network of local resistance, also increases the pipe resistance. From table 3 and Figure 6
can be seen, after varying condition,No.12 and No.13 user pressure decreases, the pressure of No.14 user slightly
increased. Comprehensive experimental and simulation data analysis, hydraulic intersection user moved forward
by No.14 user into No.13 user.
Compared with the ideal condition, the variable operating conditions, the simulation data and experimental data
are changed, but remained the same basically, the maximum error is 1.19%.

Table 3 the pressure difference and flow rate and relative error of each user in C2
User 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18
num
ber
Experi
mental 70. 70. 70. 69. 70. 70. 69. 69. 68. 70. 70. 70. 69. 69. 69. 70. 70. 71.
height
differe
nce 43 07 19 75 12 06 48 23 87 23 24 21 36 18 33 16 34 06
[kPa]
Simula
tion
pressu 70. 70. 70. 70. 70. 70. 69. 69. 69. 70. 70. 70. 69. 69. 70. 70. 70. 71.
re
differe 47 13 24 01 24 22 58 36 19 46 40 28 92 80 02 18 47 32
nce
[kPa]
Relati
ve - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
error
[%] 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.3 0.1 0.2 0.1 1.1 0.4 0.3 0.2 0.0 0.8 0.9 0.9 0.0 0.1 0.3

6 9 7 7 7 3 4 9 6 3 3 3 1 4 0 3 8 7
Experi
mental 1.5 1.4 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.4 1.5
flow[
−1] 11 99 08 07 05 08 07 10 08 09 08 11 09 07 08 13 99 05
m3·h
Simula
tion
flow[ 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5
m3·h
−1
00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00
]
Relati -
ve 0.7 0.0 0.5 0.4 0.3 0.5 0.4 0.6 0.5 0.6 0.5 0.7 0.6 0.4 0.5 0.8 0.3
error 0.0
3 7 3 6 3 3 6 6 3 0 3 3 0 6 3 6 3
[%] 7

Fig. 4 Simulation and experimental pressure difference of the pipeline network

4.3 A user change valve variable condition of three heat sources and three rings

Firstly, experimental network initial adjustment, in the network to achieve the ideal condition(design flow of
each user is 1.5m3/h), increasing user No.2 resistance, halved, denoted as C3 condition. At the same time,
increasing the resistance of the corresponding user simulation model, also make the user traffic in half, and then
measured to observe the change of experimental network and simulation model of the hydraulic intersection of the
user, and each user pressure and flow changes.
Compared with the ideal operating condition, under the variable conditions, Figure 5 shows that the hydraulic
intersection users of the pipe network did not change, are still No.9, No.14 and No.16. However, the difference
between the simulation and experimental data of each user is increased. This is because the No.2 user resistance
suddenly increased, increasing the network local resistance, the total resistance of the whole experiment network
also increases, the pump head is unchanged, the total circulating pump flow of each heat source are reduced, and
the supply and return pipe constant resistance, pipe pressure loss. The inlet pressure of each user is increased, the
 Shoujun Zhou, et al.
Shoujun / Procedia
Zhou et al. / Engineering 00 (2017) 000–000
Procedia Engineering 205 (2017) 2670–2676 2675

outlet pressure is reduced, and the pressure difference of each user increased.
Moreover, in Figure 5, the model data are basically consistent with the experimental data, the maximum error
is 1.09%.

Table 4 the pressure difference and flow rate and relative error of each user in C3
User 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18
num
ber
Experi
mental 71. 71. 71. 71. 71. 71. 70. 70. 70. 71. 71. 71. 70. 70. 70. 71. 71. 72.
height
differe
nce 83 86 64 14 56 49 88 66 30 61 62 66 8 61 75 57 73 41
[kPa]
Simula
tion
pressu 71. 72. 71. 71. 71. 71. 71. 71. 70. 71. 71. 71. 71. 71. 71. 72. 72. 72.
re
differe 93 02 88 45 72 73 34 02 88 89 98 93 25 12 52 01 02 73
nce
[kPa]
Relati
ve - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
error
[%] 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.2 0.3 0.6 0.5 0.8 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.6 1.0 1.0 0.6 0.4 0.4

4 2 4 4 2 4 5 1 3 9 8 8 4 2 9 1 0 4
Experi
mental
flow[ 1.5 1.4 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.4 1.5
m3·h
−1 10 98 02 00 04 02 07 11 03 06 05 10 08 02 07 11 98 01
]
Simula
tion
flow[ 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5
m3·h
−1
00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00
]
Relati - - -
ve 0.6 0.1 0.0 0.2 0.1 0.7 0.2 0.4 0.3 0.6 0.5 0.1 0.4 0.7 0.0
error 0.1 0.4 0.1
6 3 0 7 3 3 0 0 3 6 3 3 6 3 7
[%] 3 6 3

Fig.5 Simulation and experimental pressure difference of the pipeline network

In the three experiment and simulation process, because the valve resistance the resistance size influenced by
flow rate in different degrees, and the overall size of the smaller pipe network, hydraulic impact local resistance
to large network. At the same time, the pressure of each node of the experimental pipeline fluctuates with time,
and the electromagnetic flowmeter has 0.50% of the instrument error. Therefore, the resistance of the pipe network
is revised, and the simulation and experimental data of the users are still a little different.

5. Conclusions

The results showed that the simulation data is consistent with the experimental data, the maximum relative error
of the user pressure difference and flow are less than 3%, proving the reliability and applicability of the three heat
sources and three rings simulation model, to promote more in-depth study of the central heating network simulation
model and operation management of the actual multi-source .
2676 Shoujun Zhou, et al.
Shoujun / Procedia
Zhou et al. / Engineering 00 (2017) 000–000
Procedia Engineering 205 (2017) 2670–2676

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