Aa¨vq 8

mvgvwRK Ges ivóªxq m¤ú`

 Aa¨vqwU c‡o Rvb‡Z cvie
 m¤ú‡`i msÁv
 ivóªxq I mvgvwRK m¤ú‡`i cwiPq
 ivóªxq I mvgvwRK m¤ú‡`i cÖ‡qvRbxqZv
 wewfbœ ai‡bi m¤ú` myiÿvq hZœevb nIqvi cÖ‡qvRbxqZv
 Aa¨vqwUi g~jfve †R‡b wbB
my›`ifv‡e Rxebhvc‡bi Rb¨ Avgiv A‡bK wKQzB e¨envi Kwi| †hgbÑ Nievwo, iv¯ÍvNvU, hvbevnb,
we`¨vjq, †ijmoK cÖf…wZ| G¸‡jv meB m¤ú`| m¤ú` cÖavbZ mvgvwRK m¤ú` I ivóªxq m¤ú` GB
`yB fv‡M wef³| mvgvwRK m¤ú‡`i g‡a¨ i‡q‡Q we`¨vjq, nvmcvZvj, Dcvmbvjq, iv¯Ív cÖf…wZ|
†`‡ki f‚wg, mvMi I b`-b`xi cvwb, eb cÖf…wZ ivóªxq m¤ú`| ivóªxq m¤ú` mivmwi miKvi cwiPvjbv
K‡i| wb‡R‡`i cÖ‡qvR‡bB Avgiv me ai‡bi m¤ú` myiÿvq hZœevb ne|

Abykxjbxi cÖkœ I DËi

 Aí K_vq DËi `vI : DËi : `ywU cÖvK…wZK m¤ú` n‡jv

1. cvK© Ges †Ljvi gvV Kxfv‡e mgv‡R
f‚wgKv iv‡L?
DËi : cvK© I †Ljvi gv‡V wkïiv †Ljvayjv 1. cÖvK…wZK m¤ú` iÿvq Avgiv Kx Kx
K‡i| A‡bK GjvKvi cv‡K© cwiev‡ii m`m¨iv
Ny‡i Avb›` jvf K‡i|
2. miKvi Avgv‡`i Rb¨ Kx Kx wbg©vY K‡i?
DËi : miKvi Avgv‡`i Rb¨ we`¨vjq,
nvmcvZvj, cvK© BZ¨vw` wbg©vY K‡ib|
3. mgv‡R cvwbi `yBwU e¨envi D‡jøL Ki|
DËi : mgv‡R cvwbi `yBwU e¨envi n‡jv -
i. evwo‡Z ivbœvi Kv‡R cvwb e¨envi Kiv
nq
ii. gmwR‡` Ihy I Ab¨vb¨ Kv‡Ri Rb¨ cvwb e¨envi
Kiv nq|
4. `yBwU cÖvK…wZK m¤ú‡`i bvg †jL|
MvQcvjv I cvwb|
 cÖkœ¸‡jvi DËi `vI :
Ki‡Z cvwi?
DËi : cÖvK…wZK m¤ú` iÿvq cÖ_‡gB
Avgv‡`i‡K m‡PZb n‡Z n‡e| AcÖ‡qvR‡b
MvQcvjv KvUv hv‡e bv| b`x-bvjv, Lvj-wej
cÖf„wZ msiÿY Ki‡Z n‡e| cvwb e¨env‡i
AcPq †iva Ki‡Z n‡e|
2. iv¯ÍvNvU I †mZz †givgZ Kiv Riæwi †Kb?
DËi : †hvMv‡hvM e¨e¯’v‡K mPj ivL‡Z I
mnR Ki‡Z iv¯ÍvNvU I †mZz †givgZ Kiv
cÖ‡qvRb|

AwZwi³ cÖkœ I DËi

 evg As‡ki mv‡_ Wvb Ask wgjKiY: L) MÖvg I kn‡ii K‡i|

K) cÖ‡Z¨K wkïiB wkïiv †Ljvayjv we`¨vj‡q wkïiv mK‡ji `vwqZ¡|
 M) nvmcvZvj mvgvwRK m¤ú`| M) Avgv‡`i kni¸‡jv‡Z Av‡Q eo KuvPv
GKwU cov‡jLv †kLvi iv¯Ív|
N) kn‡ii cv‡K© my‡hvM cvq| N) †ijMvwo‡Z gvjvgvj Avbv-†bIqv Kiv
O) mvgvwRK m¤ú` wkÿvi AwaKvi mnR|
iÿYv‡eÿY Kiv Av‡Q| O) cÙv b`xi Dci GKwU eo †mZz wbwg©Z
DËi : n‡”Q|
K) cÖ‡Z¨K wkïiB wkÿvi AwaKvi Av‡Q| DËi : K) Ôï×Õ L) ÔAï×Õ M) ÔAï×Õ N)
Ôï×Õ O) Ôï×Õ|
L) MÖvg I kn‡ii we`¨vj‡q wkïiv cov‡jLv
†kLvi my‡hvM cvq|  k~b¨¯’vb c~iY :
K) cvwb, eb, cÖvK…wZK M¨vm cÖf„wZ
M) nvmcvZvj GKwU mvgvwRK m¤ú`|
ivóªxq m¤ú‡`i Drm |
N) kn‡ii cv‡K© wkïiv †Ljvayjv K‡i|
L) e„wó †_‡K Avgiv  cvwb cvB|
O) mvgvwRK m¤ú` iÿYv‡eÿY Kiv mK‡ji
M) eb wewfbœ cÖvYx‡K  †`q|
`vwqZ¡|
N) cÖvK…wZK M¨vm gvwUi wbP †_‡K
 ï×/ Aï× wbY©q Ki:
 Kiv nq|
K) miKvi Avgv‡`i e¨env‡ii Rb¨ A‡bK m¤ú` ˆZwi
O) wkí Drcv`‡b Avgiv  e¨envi Kwi|
K‡i|
DËi : K) cÖK…wZ L) weï× M) wbivcËv
L) miKvi Zvi wb‡Ri UvKv w`‡q m¤ú` ˆZwi
N) D‡Ëvjb O) we`y¨r|
I iÿYv‡eÿY K‡i|
enywbe©vPwb cÖkœ I DËi

mvgvwRK m¤ú` 5. nvmcvZv‡j †ivMxi †mevhZœ K‡ib †K?

 mvaviY Q
K Wv³vi L bvm©
1. hv wKQy Avgv‡`i cÖ‡qvRb †gUvq
M Avqv N
†mme‡K Kx e‡j? Q
cwi”QbœZvKg©x
K `ªe¨ L m¤ú`
6. wLªóvbiv †Kvb mvgvwRK cÖwZôv‡b
M wRwbm N m¤úwË
cÖv_©bv K‡ib? R
2. m¤ú` KZ cÖKvi? P
K gmwR‡` L gw›`‡i
K 2 L 3
M wMRv©q N c¨v‡MvWvq
M 4 N 5
7. †eŠ×iv †Kvb mvgvwRK cÖwZôv‡b
3. wb‡Pi †KvbwU mvgvwRK m¤ú`? Q
cÖv_©bv K‡ib? P
Kb`xi cvwb LDcvmbvjq
K c¨v‡MvWvq L wMRv©q
M we`y¨r NcÖvK…
M gmwR‡` N gw›`‡i
wZK M¨vm
4. wkÿv jvf Avgv‡`i †Kvb ai‡bi AwaKvi?  †hvM¨ZvwfwËK
R wkLbdj: mvgvwRK m¤ú‡`i cÖ‡qvRbxqZv
K A_©‰bwZK L ivR‰bwZK eyS‡Z cvie|
M mvgvwRK N ag©xq 8. gvbyl †Kb we`¨vjq M‡o Zz‡j‡Q? R
 K †mŠ›`‡h©i Rb¨ L PvKwii Rb¨ M hgybv N eþcyÎ
M cov‡jLv †kLvi Rb¨ Nemevm Kivi Rb¨  †hvM¨ZvwfwËK
9. gvbyl cv‡K© hvq †Kb?
wkLbdj : m¤ú‡`i e¨envi m¤ú‡K© Rvbe|
S
18. miKvi †Kb moK ev iv¯Ív ˆZwi I †givgZ
K ï‡q _vK‡Z L cov‡kvbv Ki‡Z
K‡ib? P
M Mí Ki‡Z NAvb›` jvf Ki‡Z
K †mŠ›`h© e„w×i Rb¨
L `‡ji Kg©m~wP ev¯Íevq‡bi Rb¨
ivóªxq m¤ú` M RbM‡Yi PjvP‡ji myweavi Rb¨
N wb‡R‡`i mybvg e„w×i Rb¨
 mvaviY
wkLbdj : ivóªxq m¤ú‡`i cÖ‡qvRbxqZv eyS‡Z
10. †ijc_ †Kvb ai‡bi m¤ú`? S
cvie|
K e¨w³MZ L mvgvwRK
19. Avgv‡`i A‡bK †mZz `iKvi †Kb? P
M mgwóMZ N ivóªxq
K `ªæZ PjvP‡ji Rb¨
11. mivmwi miKvi cwiPvwjZ m¤ú`‡K Kx
L A‡bK b`x _vKvi Rb¨
e‡j? Q
M Avivg`vqK åg‡Yi Rb¨
K mvgvwRK m¤ú` L ivóªxq m¤ú`
N b`xi †mŠ›`h© e„w×i Rb¨
M AvšÍRv©wZK m¤ú` N
RbM‡Yi m¤ú` AviI wKQy ivóªxq m¤ú`
12. wb‡Pi †KvbwU ivóªxq m¤ú`? P  mvaviY
K cÖvK…wZK M¨vm L 20. we`y¨r Drcv`‡b †KvbwU e¨eüZ nq? R
we`¨vjq K Aw·‡Rb LMvQ
M nvmcvZvj N mvu‡Kv M cÖvK…wZK M¨vm N
13. Avgv‡`i MÖv‡gi iv¯Ív Kxiƒc? S LwbR jeY
K eo cvKv iv¯Ív L eo iv¯Ív
21. cÖvK…wZK cwi‡ek †_‡K Avgiv hv
M †QvU iv¯Ív N KuvPv iv¯Ív
wKQy cvB †m¸‡jv †Kvb ai‡bi m¤ú`?
14. †Kvb gva¨‡g mn‡R A‡bK gvjvgvj Avbv-
S
†bIqv Kiv hvq? S
K e¨w³MZ L mvgvwRK
K evm L UªvK
M ivóªxq N cÖvK…wZK
M j N †ijMvwo
15. MÖv‡gi muv‡Kv¸‡jv Kx w`‡q ˆZwi Kiv 22. K…l‡Kiv †Kvb Kv‡R cvwb e¨envi
nq? P K‡ib? R
K euvk L †eZ K ivbœvi Kv‡R L LvIqvi Kv‡R
M KvV N BU M Pvlvev‡`i Kv‡R N †Mvm‡ji Kv‡R
16. wb‡Pi †KvbwU evsjv‡`‡ki `xN© †mZz? 23. kn‡ii evmvq, Awdm-Av`vj‡Z Ges
Q KviLvbvq †Kvb Dcv‡q cvwb mieivn Kiv
K †gNbv †mZz L e½eÜz †mZz nq? P
M cvKkx †mZz N myigv †mZz K cvBcjvB‡bi gva¨‡g LU¨vs‡K K‡i
17. †Kvb b`xi Dci GKwU eo †mZz wbwg©Z M Uªv‡K K‡i N Rv‡i K‡i
n‡”Q? P
K cÙv L †gNbv
24. kn‡i evmv-evwo‡Z ivbœvi Kv‡R wkLbdj : cÖvK…wZK m¤ú‡`i cÖ‡qvRbxqZv
†KvbwU e¨envi Kiv nq? eyS‡Z cvie|
S 25. eb wewfbœ cÖvYxi Rb¨ BwZevPK †Kb?
K KvV L†K‡ivwmb †Zj R
M we`y¨r N cÖvK…wZK M¨vm K Qvqv †`Iqvi Rb¨ Ldjg~‡ji Rb¨
†hvM¨ZvwfwËK M wbivcËvi Rb¨ N Aw·‡Rb mieiv‡ni Rb¨

mswÿß cÖkœ I DËi

1. m¤ú` KZ cÖKvi I Kx Kx?
DËi : m¤ú` `yB cÖKvi, h_vÑ 1)
mvgvwRK I 2) ivóªxq m¤ú`|
2. cvuPwU mvgvwRK m¤ú‡`i bvg †jL| 8.
DËi : cvuPwU mvgvwRK m¤ú` n‡jvÑ 1)
we`¨vjq, 2) cvVvMvi, 3) nvmcvZvj, 4)
Dcvmbvjq I 5) iv¯Ív|
3. cvuPwU ivóªxq m¤ú‡`i bvg †jL|
DËi : cvuPwU ivóªxq m¤ú` n‡jvÑ 1) †`‡ki
f‚wg; 2) mvMi I b`-b`xi cvwb; 3) eb; 4)
cÖvK…wZK M¨vm I 5) we`y¨r|
4. nvmcvZvj Avgv‡`i Kx Kv‡R jv‡M?
DËi : nvmcvZv‡j Wv³vi I bvm©‡`i gva¨‡g
Avgiv ¯^v¯’¨‡mev †c‡q _vwK|
5. mvgvwRK m¤ú` Kv‡K e‡j? 11. eb Avgv‡`i cÖ‡qvRb †Kb?
DËi : mgvRRxe‡bi bvbv iKg cÖ‡qvRb
†gUv‡bvi Rb¨ gvbyl †h mKj m¤ú` M‡o
Zz‡j‡Q †m¸‡jv‡K mvgvwRK m¤ú` e‡j|
†hgbÑ we`¨vjq, cvVvMvi, nvmcvZvj
BZ¨vw`|
12. Avgiv ivbœvi Kv‡R †Kvb M¨vm e¨envi
6. gvbyl †Kb we`¨vjq M‡o Zz‡j‡Q?
DËi : cov‡jLv †kLvi Rb¨ gvbyl we`¨vjq
M‡o Zz‡j‡Q|
7. cv‡K© Kx _v‡K?
KvVv‡gve× cÖkœ I DËi
Ü mvaviY
1. we`y¨r †Kvb ai‡bi m¤ú`? Avgiv †Kvb
PviwU Kv‡R we`y¨r e¨envi Kwi?
DËi : we`y¨r cÖvK…wZK m¤ú`| Avgiv †h
PviwU Kv‡R we`y¨r e¨envi Kwi| †hgbÑ
DËi : cv‡K© bvbv ai‡bi MvQ I dz‡ji
evMvb _v‡K| A‡bK cv‡K© cyKzi A_ev
†jK _v‡K| Avi _v‡K AvuKvevuKv iv¯Ív|
wkïcvK© Kv‡K e‡j?
DËi : wkï‡`i Avb›` jv‡fi Rb¨ †h mKj
cvK© M‡o †Zvjv nq †m¸‡jv‡K wkïcvK©
e‡j|
9. ivóªxq m¤ú` Kv‡K e‡j?
DËi : †h mKj m¤ú` miKvi mivmwi
cwiPvjbv K‡i †m¸‡jv‡K ivóªxq m¤ú` e‡j|
†hgbÑ we`y¨r, M¨vm, cvwb BZ¨vw`|
10. Avgiv †Kvb †Kvb Drm †_‡K cvwb cvB?
DËi : Avgiv mvMi, b`-b`x Ges eo eo
nvIiÑevuIo BZ¨vw` †_‡K cvwb cvB|
DËi : e‡b A‡bK iKg MvQ R‡b¥| A‡bK
ai‡bi cï I cvwL evm K‡i| e‡bi MvQ I
cïcvwL Avgv‡`i bvbv cÖ‡qvRb †gUvq|
Gme Kvi‡YB Avgv‡`i eb cÖ‡qvRb|
Kwi?
DËi : Avgiv ivbœvi Kv‡R cÖvK…wZK
M¨vm e¨envi Kwi|
i. Avgiv Nievwo, AwdmÑAv`vjZ,
wkíKviLvbvq we`y¨r e¨envi Kwi|
ii. cvLv, †Uwjwfkb, †iwWI, Kw¤úDUvi
BZ¨vw` Pvjv‡Z Avgiv we`y¨r e¨envi
Kwi|
 iii. wkíKviLvbvq hš¿ Pvjv‡Z we`y¨r e¨envi
Kiv nq|
iv. K…wlRwg‡Z †m‡Pi Rb¨ Avgiv we`y¨r
e¨envi Kwi|
GQvovI AviI bvbv Kv‡R Avgiv we`y¨r
e¨envi K‡i _vwK|
2. m¤ú` Kx? PviwU mvgvwRK m¤ú‡`i
e¨envi †jL| Dc‡ii Qwe¸‡jv wK‡mi? G¸‡jv‡Z Kx Kiv
DËi : Rxebhvc‡bi Rb¨ hv wKQy Avgv‡`i nq? cÖ‡Z¨KwU Qwei bvg †jL|
cÖ‡qvRb †gUvq †mmeB n‡”Q m¤ú`|
PviwU mvgvwRK m¤ú‡`i e¨envi wb‡P †jLv
n‡jv :
we`¨vjq : MÖvg I kn‡ii wewfbœ we`¨vj‡q
†Q‡j‡g‡qiv cov‡jLv Kivi my‡hvM cvq|
nvmcvZvj : nvmcvZv‡j Wv³vi I bvm©‡`i
gva¨‡g Avgiv ¯^v¯’¨‡mev †c‡q _vwK|
ag©xq cÖwZôvb : mgv‡Ri wewfbœ a‡g©i
gvbyl Zv‡`i ag©xq ixwZbxwZ cvjb K‡ib|
cvK© : cv‡K© cwiev‡ii mK‡j Ny‡i Avb›`
jvf K‡i|
3. ivóªxq m¤ú` Kv‡K e‡j? 3wU ivóªxq
m¤ú‡`i cÖ‡qvRbxqZv †jL| ivóªxq m¤ú`
ˆZwi I iÿYv‡eÿ‡Yi `vwqZ¡ Kvi?
DËi : †hme m¤ú` miKvi Avgv‡`i e¨env‡ii
Rb¨ ˆZwi K‡ib †m¸‡jv‡K ivóªxq m¤ú` e‡j|
3wU ivóªxq m¤ú‡`i cÖ‡qvRbxqZv wb‡P
†jLv n‡jv :
moK : Avgv‡`i PjvP‡ji myweavi Rb¨ iv¯Ív
ev moK e¨envi Kwi|
†ijc_ : AmsL¨ gvbyl †ijMvwo‡Z hvZvqvZ
K‡ib|
†mZz : mnR Ges `ªæZ hvZvqv‡Zi Rb¨ eo eo
b`xi Dci _vKv `xN© †mZz¸‡jv Avgiv e¨envi
Kwi|
ivóªxq m¤ú` ˆZwi I iÿYv‡eÿ‡Yi
`vwqZ¡ miKv‡ii|
Ü †hvM¨ZvwfwËK
4.
 DËi : Dc‡ii Qwe¸‡jv wewfbœ agx©q
cÖwZôv‡bi| agx©q cÖwZôvb¸‡jv Avgv‡`i
mvgvwRK m¤ú`| G mKj cÖwZôv‡b
wewfbœ a‡g©i †jv‡Kiv Dcvmbv ev
cÖv_©bv K‡ib| 1 bs QwewU gymjgvb‡`i
agx©q cÖwZôvb gmwR`| 2, 3 I 4 bs Qwe‡Z
i‡q‡Q h_vµ‡g gw›`i, c¨v‡MvWv Ges
wMRv©, †hLv‡b wn›`y, †eŠ× I wLªóvbiv
Dcvmbv K‡i _v‡Kb|
5. wewfbœ cÖKvi m¤ú` iÿYv‡eÿ‡Y †Zvgvi
5wU civgk© `vI|
DËi : wb‡R‡`i cÖ‡qvR‡b Avgiv m¤ú`
e¨envi Kwi|

wewfbœ cÖKvi m¤ú` iÿYv‡eÿ‡Y Avgvi
5wU civgk© wb‡P †`Iqv n‡jv:
i. me ai‡bi m¤ú` e¨env‡i Avgv‡`i‡K
hZœevb n‡Z n‡e|
ii. Avgiv cvwb, M¨vm, we`y¨r BZ¨vw`
cÖ‡qvRbg‡Zv e¨envi Kie|
iii. KLbI m¤ú‡`i AcPq Kie bv|
iv. moK, †ijc_, Awdm, †mZz BZ¨vw` ivóªxq
m¤ú‡`i ÿwZ bv K‡i iÿYv‡eÿY Kie|
v. iv‡óªi wewfbœ cÖKvi m¤ú‡`i Dbœq‡b
AvgivI AskMÖnY Kie|