Thermal Laboratory

(MECH3123)

Experiment 1:- Heat Transfer Through Composite Wall

Submission details-

Submitted by: Mo. Munaf Dhebar

Date of Experiment: 29-10-2020
Date of Submission: 29-10-2020
On-time/Late Submission (Provide details)
: on time
The people who were of help and
provide details of help taken:

Submitted to:
Dr. Ashish Karn
Department of Mechanical Engineering, UPES
Lab Website: drkarnteaching.com
 Fluid Mechanics and Machines Laboratory (MECH2107)

Aim of the Experiment:-

Heat Transfer through composite wall.

Introduction:-

Figure 1. It show the how heat (q) is transferring from T1 to T2 through layer(L) thickness
and q is directly proportional to A.
By composite walls which means layers of solid stack together to heat flow through
conduction.
When a temperature gradient exists in a body, there is an energy transfer from the high
temperature region to the low temperature region. Energy is transferred by conduction and
heat transfer rate per unit area is proportional to the normal temperature gradient:
q α A,
When the proportionality constant is inserted, q = −kA, Where q is the amount of heat
transfer and ∆T/ ∆X is the temperature gradient in the direction of heat flow. The constant k
is called thermal conductivity of the material. A direct application of Fourier’s law is the
plane wall.
Fourier’s equation: Q =kA Where the thermal conductivity is considered constant. The wall
thickness is ∆X, Q, A are amount of heat transfer and heat transfer area respectively. T1 and
T2 are surface temperatures.
Why is it important to study this topic?

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 Fluid Mechanics and Machines Laboratory (MECH2107)

Figure 2 . This figure shows that here paper is a heating element and have same no. of coins
on both side , it’s composite system and very important How to calculate thermal
conductivity of the composite system.

What are the practical applications where this topic may be relevant? Find some web
resources and provide some relevant pictures/ images of practical applications:-

Figure 3 . This figure is of Condenser Coil of Refrigerator which used to condense a gaseous
into a liquid state through cooling.  A refrigerator uses a condenser to get rid
of heat extracted from the interior of the unit to the outside air.

Figure 4 . This are real life examples refrigerator pipes, door and walls of refrigerator and
walls of cold storage, which have multiplayer of insulation.

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 Fluid Mechanics and Machines Laboratory (MECH2107)

Objectives of the Experiment:-

:-To study the heat transfer through conduction in composite wall.
:-To calculate thermal resistance and thermal conductivity of composite wall.
:-To plot the temperature profile along the composite wall.
:- To plot the temperature profile along the composite wall.

Experimental Setup and Methodology:-

The apparatus consists of a heater sandwiched between two thin asbestos sheets. Three slabs
of different material are provided on both sides of heater, which forms a composite structure.
A small press- frame is provided to ensure the perfect contact between the slabs. PID
controller is provided to perform the experiment at different temperatures and measurement
of input power is carried out by energy meter provided. Eight temperature sensor are
embedded between inter faces of the slab, to read the temperature at the surface.

Figure 5 .An illustration of the set up.

Results and Discussion:-

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 Fluid Mechanics and Machines Laboratory (MECH2107)

Figure 6. This is the experimental setup of the experiment (Conduction in a composite wall).
Data:-

Thermal conductivity of cast iron k 1 =52 W/m o C

Cast iron thickness X 1 = 0.02 m
Thermal conductivity of Bakelite k 2 = 1.4 W/m o C
Bakelite thickness X 2 = 0.015 m
Diameter of slab d = 0.25 m
Press wood thickness X 3 = 0.012 m
Energy meter constant EMC = 3200 pulses/kW hr

This is input table.

So, Q (Watts) = (No. of pulse (Np))/(time(tp))*(KW*h)/EMC

= 46.785
Q’(Watts) = Q/2 = 23.4375
Area of the heat flow= 3.14*d2/4 (m) = 0.0490625
Xt (total thickness of slabs) = 0.47

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 Fluid Mechanics and Machines Laboratory (MECH2107)

FORMULA USED,
K3=Q'/A*((TA3-TA4)/X3),
ΔTA34 = ΔTA34=((T4+T5)/2)-((T6+T7)/2),
Keff = Q'/A*[(TA1-TA4)/X1+X2+X3],
Reff = Xt/( Keff *A),
Rth = (X1/K1A)+(X2/K2A)+(X3/K3A),
XR1 R2 R3 Rt
(oC.m2/W (oC.m2/W (oC.m2/W
(oC.m2/W) ) ) )
0.008 0.218 0.560 0.787

70

60

50
Temp Drop

40

30

20

10

0
0 0.01 0.01 0.02 0.02 0.03 0.03 0.04 0.04 0.05 0.05
Variation in x

So this is the graph between temp drop and Variation in X.

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 Fluid Mechanics and Machines Laboratory (MECH2107)

Conclusions:-
:- Hence , we verified the Fouriers Law by doing the experiment.
:- So, the energy is stored in form of heat in layers as we have seen in the graph between
temp drop and Variation in X.
:- Hence, we find the Keff of the composite system.

References:-
: Figure 1 (https://www.google.co.in/imgres?imgurl=https%3A%2F%2Fimg.bhs4.com
%2F7c%2F3%2F7c36c1abb93bb8ae3879d7ff265ad28583f67d87_large.jpg&imgrefurl=https
%3A%2F%2Fwww.brighthubengineering.com%2Fhvac%2F62074-combined-thermal-
conduction-and-convection-heat-transfer-calculations
%2F&tbnid=9h2CrzVIGVxZpM&vet=12ahUKEwiOt6ako9_sAhWEPCsKHdUiASgQMyhJ
egQIARBJ..i&docid=bW-jD4I3ccc8kM&w=600&h=600&itg=1&q=examples%20of
%20heat%20transfer%20through
%20conduction&hl=en&ved=2ahUKEwiOt6ako9_sAhWEPCsKHdUiASgQMyhJegQIARBJ
)
: Figure 2(it is the snap shot of lab video)
: Figure 3 (https://www.google.co.in/imgres?imgurl=https%3A%2F
%2Fupload.wikimedia.org%2Fwikipedia%2Fcommons%2Ff%2Ff0%2FLedni
%25C4%258Dka_Zanussi_ZRA_319_SW%252C_celkov%25C3%25BD_pohled_na_zadn
%25C3%25AD_%25C4%258D%25C3%25A1st.JPG&imgrefurl=https%3A%2F
%2Fen.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki
%2FCondenser_(heat_transfer)&tbnid=KmNxWVHhPEs3kM&vet=12ahUKEwi-
qt3ro9_sAhWBHXIKHSlJCG4QMygBegUIARCiAQ..i&docid=gY10boJCcB8GvM&w=25
92&h=3456&q=examples%20of%20heat%20transfer%20in
%20condenser&hl=en&ved=2ahUKEwi-
qt3ro9_sAhWBHXIKHSlJCG4QMygBegUIARCiAQ)
: Figure 4(it is snap shot of lab video)
: Figure 5( it is taken from lab file)