Department of Mathematics Practice Set I

UNIVERSITY OF PETROLEUM & ENERGY STUDIES, DEHRADUN

Program B. Tech (Mechanical, ADE, Semester III
Mechatronics)
Course Mathematics-III Course Code MATH 2008
Session July-Dec 2019 Topic Partial Differential Equations
and Probability

1. Find the general integral of the following linear partial differential equations:
a. 𝑥(𝑦 2 + 𝑧)𝑝 − 𝑦(𝑥 2 + 𝑧)𝑞 = (𝑥 2 − 𝑦 2 )𝑧
b. 𝑥𝑝 + 𝑦𝑞 = 𝑧
c. 𝑝 + 𝑞 = 𝑧/𝑎
𝜕𝑧 𝜕𝑧
d. 𝑧 𝜕𝑥 − 𝑧 𝜕𝑦 = 𝑧 2 + (𝑥 + 𝑦)2
e. 𝑦𝑧𝑝 + 𝑧𝑥𝑞 = 𝑥𝑦
f. (𝑧 2 − 2𝑦𝑧 − 𝑦 2 )𝑝 + (𝑥𝑦 + 𝑧𝑥)𝑞 = 𝑥𝑦 − 𝑧𝑥
g. (𝑦 2 + 𝑧 2 − 𝑥 2 )𝑝 − 2𝑥𝑦𝑞 + 2𝑧𝑥 = 0
h. (𝑚𝑧 − 𝑛𝑦) + (𝑛𝑥 − 𝑙𝑧)𝑞 = 𝑙𝑦 − 𝑚𝑥
i. (𝑥 2 − 𝑦𝑧)𝑝 + (𝑦 2 − 𝑧𝑥)𝑞 = 𝑧 2 − 𝑥𝑦

2. Solve the following PDEs:

a. (𝐷3 − 5𝐷2 𝐷′ )𝑧 = 2𝑒 2𝑥 + 3𝑥 2 𝑦
𝜕2 𝑧 𝜕2 𝑧 𝜕2 𝑧
b. + 𝜕𝑥𝜕𝑦 − 5 𝜕𝑦 2 = sin(2𝑥 + 3𝑦)
𝜕𝑥 2
𝜕2 𝑧 𝜕2 𝑧 𝜕2 𝑧
c. − 4 𝜕𝑥𝜕𝑦 + 4 𝜕𝑦 2 = 𝑒 2𝑥+𝑦
𝜕𝑥 2
𝜕2 𝑧 𝜕2 𝑧 𝜕2 𝑧
d. + 𝜕𝑥𝜕𝑦 − 6 𝜕𝑦 2 = cos(2𝑥 + 𝑦)
𝜕𝑥 2
𝜕2 𝑧 𝜕2 𝑧 𝜕2 𝑧
e. + 𝜕𝑥𝜕𝑦 − 6 𝜕𝑦 2 = ycos 𝑥
𝜕𝑥 2
𝜕2 𝑧 𝜕2 𝑧 𝜕2 𝑧
f. 4 𝜕𝑥 2 − 4 𝜕𝑥𝜕𝑦 + 𝜕𝑦 2 = 16 log(𝑥 + 2𝑦)

3. Classify the following PDF into parabolic, elliptic and hyperbolic:

𝑦2 𝑥2
a. 𝑦 2 𝑢𝑥𝑥 − 2𝑥𝑦𝑢𝑥𝑦 + 𝑥 2 𝑢𝑦𝑦 = 𝑢𝑥 + 𝑢𝑦
𝑥 𝑦
b. (1 + 𝑥 2 )𝑢𝑥𝑥 + (1 + 𝑦 2 )𝑢𝑦𝑦 + 𝑥𝑢𝑥 + 𝑦𝑢𝑦 = 0
c. 𝑢𝑥𝑥 − 2 sin 𝑥 𝑢𝑥𝑦 − cos2 𝑥 𝑢𝑦𝑦 − cos 𝑥 𝑢𝑦 = 0

4. Find the d’Alembert’s solution of the following wave equation

Department of Mathematics Practice Set I

𝜕 2𝑢 2
𝜕 2𝑢
= 𝑐 , − ∞ < 𝑥 < ∞, 𝑡 > 0
𝜕𝑡 2 𝜕𝑥 2
with initial conditions
𝜕𝑢
𝑢(𝑥, 0) = 𝑓(𝑥), (𝑥, 𝑢) = 𝑔(𝑥)
𝜕𝑡
a. 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑥, 𝑔(𝑥) = 𝑥 3
b. 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑥 3 , 𝑔(𝑥) = sin 𝑥
5. A stretched string of finite length 𝐿 is held fixed at its ends and is subjected to an initial
𝜋𝑥
displacement 𝑢(𝑥, 0) = 𝑢0 sin( 𝐿 ). The string is released from this position with zero initial
velocity. Find the resultant time dependent motion of the string using the D’alembert’s
solution of wave equation.

6. Solve the following wave equation:

a. 𝑢𝑡𝑡 − 𝑢𝑥𝑥 = 𝑥 − 𝑡 −∞ < 𝑥, 𝑡 < ∞ with initial conditions 𝑢(𝑥, 0) = 𝑥 4 and 𝑢𝑡 (𝑥, 0) =
sin 𝑥.
b. 𝑢𝑡𝑡 − 𝑢𝑥𝑥 = 𝑥 sin 𝑡 0 < 𝑥 < 1, 𝑡 > 0 with initial conditions 𝑢(𝑥, 0) = 𝑥(1 − 𝑥),
𝑢𝑡 (𝑥, 0) = 0 and the boundary conditions 𝑢(0, 𝑡) = 𝑢(1, 𝑡) = 0, 𝑡 > 0.
c. 𝑢𝑡𝑡 = 𝑢𝑥𝑥 + 2 0 < 𝑥 < 1, 𝑡 > 0 with initial conditions 𝑢(𝑥, 0) = 𝑥, 𝑢𝑡 (𝑥, 0) = 0 and
the boundary conditions 𝑢(0, 𝑡) = 𝑢(1, 𝑡) = 0, 𝑡 > 0.

7. Consider the following wave equation:

𝜕 2𝑢 𝜕 2𝑢
= , 0 < 𝑥 < 𝐿, 𝑡 > 0
𝜕𝑡 2 𝜕𝑥 2
with initial conditions
𝜕𝑢
𝑢(𝑥, 0) = 𝑓(𝑥), (𝑥, 𝑢) = 0
𝜕𝑡
And boundary conditions 𝑢(0, 𝑡) = 𝑢(𝐿, 𝑡) = 0.
Solve the wave equation using separation of variable if 𝑓(𝑥) is:
2𝑘 𝐿 2𝑘 𝐿
a. 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑥 if 0 < 𝑥 < 2 and 𝑓(𝑥) = (𝐿 − 𝑥) if 2 < 𝑥 < 𝐿
𝐿 𝐿
b. 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑘 sin 5𝜋𝑥
c. 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑘𝑥(𝐿 − 𝑥)

8. Consider the following wave equation:

𝜕 2𝑢 𝜕 2𝑢
= , 0 < 𝑥 < 𝐿, 𝑡 > 0
𝜕𝑡 2 𝜕𝑥 2
with initial conditions
𝜕𝑢
𝑢(𝑥, 0) = 0, (𝑥, 𝑢) = 𝑔(𝑥)
𝜕𝑡
And boundary conditions 𝑢(0, 𝑡) = 𝑢(𝐿, 𝑡) = 0.
Department of Mathematics Practice Set I

Solve the wave equation using separation of variable if 𝑔(𝑥) is:

a. 𝑔(𝑥) = 𝑘𝑥(𝐿 − 𝑥)
b. 𝑔(𝑥) = 𝑘𝑥 2 (𝐿 − 𝑥)

9. Find the temperature 𝑢(𝑥, 𝑡) in a laterally insulated copper bar 80 𝑐𝑚 long if the initial
𝜋𝑥
temperature is 100 sin 80 °𝐶 and the ends are kept at 0°𝐶. How long will it take for the
maximum temperature in the bar to drop to 50°𝐶? Physical data for copper: density (𝜌)
8.98𝑔/𝑐𝑚3, specific heat (𝜎) 0.092 𝑐𝑎𝑙/(𝑔°𝐶) thermal conductivity (𝐾) 0.95 𝑐𝑎𝑙/
(𝑐𝑚 𝑠 °𝐶). Note: 𝑐 2 = 𝐾/(𝜎𝜌).
3𝜋𝑥
10. Solve the last problem assuming the initial temperature as 100 sin °𝐶 .
80
11. Find the temperature in a laterally insulated bar of length 𝐿 whose ends are kept at
2𝑘 𝐿
temperature 0°𝐶 and the initial temperature is 𝑓(𝑥), where 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑥 if 0 < 𝑥 < 2 and
𝐿
2𝑘 𝐿
𝑓(𝑥) = (𝐿 − 𝑥) if 2 < 𝑥 < 𝐿.
𝐿
12. Solve following problems by method of separation of variables:
𝜕2 𝑧 𝜕𝑧 𝜕𝑧
a. − 2 𝜕𝑥 + 𝜕𝑦 = 0
𝜕𝑥 2
𝜕𝑢 𝜕𝑢
b. = 2 𝜕𝑦 + 𝑢, where 𝑢(𝑥, 0) = 6𝑒 −3𝑥
𝜕𝑥
13. Two cards are drawn in succession from a pack of 52 cards. Find the probability that the
first is a king and the second a queen if the first card is a. replaced b. not replaced.
14. A pair of dice is tossed twice. Find the probability of scoring 7 a. once, b. at least once c.
twice.
15. A biased coin is tossed till a head appears for the first time. What is the probability that the
number of required toss is odd.
1
16. If 𝑃(𝐴) = 1/4, 𝑃(𝐵) = 3 , 𝑃(𝐴 ∪ 𝐵) = 1/2, find 𝑃(𝐴|𝐵), 𝑃(𝐵|𝐴), 𝑃(𝐴 ∩ 𝐵 ′ ), 𝑃(𝐴|𝐵 ′ )
17. Probability of a pen manufactured by a firm to be defective is 0.2. If the firm manufactured
12 such pens, find the probability of a. exactly two pens to be defective, b. no pen to be
defective, c. at least one pen to be defective, d. at most one pen to be defective.
18. A coin is tossed 10 times. What is the probability of getting exactly 6 heads?
19. 80% of people who purchase pet insurance are women. If 9 pet insurance owners are
randomly selected, find the probability that exactly 6 are women.
20. In a certain town, 40% of the eligible voters prefer candidate A, 10% prefer candidate B,
and the remaining 50% have no preference. You randomly sample 10 eligible voters. What
is the probability that 4 will prefer candidate A, 1 will prefer candidate B, and the remaining
5 will have no preference?
21. A life insurance salesman sells on the average 3 life insurance policies per week. Use
Poisson's law to calculate the probability that in a given week he will sell
Department of Mathematics Practice Set I

a. Some policies
b. 2 or more policies but less than 5 policies.
c. Assuming that there are 5 working days per week, what is the probability that in a given
day he will sell one policy?

22. A company makes electric motors. The probability an electric motor is defective is 0.01.
What is the probability that a sample of 300 electric motors will contain exactly 5 defective
motors?
23. Probability density function 𝑓(𝑥) of a random variable 𝑋 is given as follows
𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑘𝑒 −2𝑥 if 𝑥 > 0 and 0 otherwise
Find the value of k.
24. A random variable 𝑋 has following probability mass function
𝑥 1 2 3 4 5 6 7
𝑝(𝑥) 𝑘 2𝑘 2𝑘 3𝑘 𝑘 2𝑘 7𝑘
Evaluate 𝑝(𝑋 ≤ 4).
25. Show that 𝐸(𝑎𝑋 + 𝑏𝑌) = 𝑎𝐸(𝑋) + 𝑏𝐸(𝑌)
26. Show that 𝑉𝑎𝑟(𝑎𝑋) = 𝑎2 𝑉𝑎𝑟(𝑋)