Tutorial 9:

Refer to your lecture slides

Relevant Sections:
Chapter 6: Differential Equations (DE)
Part 1 Second-Order Homogeneous Linear Equations
Part 2 Second-Order Nonhomogeneous Linear Equations
Part 3 Application questions
Solve the following exercises

Part 1: Second-Order Homogeneous Linear Equations

1) Solve the following homogeneous, second order linear differential equations:

(a) 𝑦𝑦" − 𝑦𝑦′ − 2𝑦𝑦 = 0 (b) 2𝑦𝑦" − 𝑦𝑦′ − 𝑦𝑦 = 0 (c) 𝑦𝑦" − 8𝑦𝑦′ + 16𝑦𝑦 = 0

(d) 4𝑦𝑦" + 12𝑦𝑦′ + 9𝑦𝑦 = 0 (e) 𝑦𝑦" + 8𝑦𝑦′ + 41𝑦𝑦 = 0 (f) 2𝑦𝑦" + 6𝑦𝑦′ + 5𝑦𝑦 = 0

2) Solve the following IVPs (initial value problems):

𝑦𝑦" − 𝑦𝑦′ = 0 𝑦𝑦" + 4𝑦𝑦′ + 4𝑦𝑦 = 0 𝑦𝑦" − 2𝑦𝑦′ + 2𝑦𝑦 = 0

(a) � (b) � (c) �
𝑦𝑦(0) = 0, 𝑦𝑦 ′ (0) = −1 𝑦𝑦(0) = 2, 𝑦𝑦 ′ (0) = 3 𝑦𝑦(0) = 1, 𝑦𝑦 ′ (0) = −1

Formula:

Part 2: Second-Order Nonhomogeneous Linear Equations

1) Solve the following second order linear differential equations:

(a) 𝑦𝑦" + 2𝑦𝑦′ + 26𝑦𝑦 = 100 (b) 𝑦𝑦" − 2𝑦𝑦′ + 𝑦𝑦 = 3 (c) 𝑦𝑦" − 7𝑦𝑦′ + 10𝑦𝑦 = 10𝑥𝑥 − 27

(d) 𝑦𝑦" − 4𝑦𝑦′ + 5𝑦𝑦 = 5𝑥𝑥 + 1 (e) 𝑦𝑦" − 3𝑦𝑦′ = 4 (f) 𝑦𝑦" − 2𝑦𝑦′ = −4𝑥𝑥

1
 𝑑𝑑 2 𝑦𝑦 𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑 𝑑𝑑 2 𝑦𝑦
(g) −2 − 15𝑦𝑦 = 32𝑒𝑒 −3𝑥𝑥 (h) + 4𝑦𝑦 = 8 cos 2𝑥𝑥
𝑑𝑑𝑥𝑥 2 𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑 𝑑𝑑𝑥𝑥 2

2) Solve the following IVPs (initial value problems):

𝑦𝑦" − 𝑦𝑦′ − 2𝑦𝑦 = 2𝑥𝑥 − 1 𝑦𝑦" + 9𝑦𝑦 = −9𝑥𝑥 + 9 𝑦𝑦" + 2𝑦𝑦′ + 𝑦𝑦 = 𝑥𝑥 2

(a) � (b) � (c) �
𝑦𝑦(0) = 6, 𝑦𝑦 ′ (0) = 0 𝑦𝑦(0) = 3, 𝑦𝑦 ′ (0) = 2 𝑦𝑦(0) = 1, 𝑦𝑦 ′ (0) = 0

𝑦𝑦" + 2𝑦𝑦′ − 3𝑦𝑦 = 5𝑒𝑒 2𝑥𝑥

(d) �
𝑦𝑦(0) = 2, 𝑦𝑦 ′ (0) = −5

Part 3: Application questions

The chart below shows the symbol and name of unit used for the physics quantity in application
questions.

1)

2) A spring with a mass, m of 2kg has damping constant, c = 40 and spring constant, k = 128.
Given the motion of the spring satisfies the differential equation
𝑑𝑑2 𝑥𝑥 𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑
𝑚𝑚 2 + 𝑐𝑐 + 𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘 = 0.
𝑑𝑑𝑡𝑡 𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑
Find the position of the mass 𝑥𝑥(𝑡𝑡), at any time t if it starts at the equilibrium position with a
velocity of 0.6m/s.

3) A series circuit of a resistor with 𝑅𝑅 = 20 Ω, an inductor with 𝐿𝐿 = 1 H, a capacitor with 𝐶𝐶 =

0.002𝐹𝐹, and a voltage, 𝐸𝐸 of 12 sin 10𝑡𝑡 battery.
Given the charge, 𝑄𝑄 satisfies the differential equation
𝑑𝑑2 𝑄𝑄 𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑 1
𝐿𝐿 2 + 𝑅𝑅 + 𝑄𝑄 = 𝐸𝐸(𝑡𝑡).
𝑑𝑑𝑡𝑡 𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑 𝐶𝐶
If 𝑄𝑄(0) = 0 and 𝑄𝑄′ (0) = 0, Find the charge, Q at the time t.

2
Formula:

Answers: Part 1:

1)(a) 𝑦𝑦 = 𝐶𝐶1 𝑒𝑒 −𝑥𝑥 + 𝐶𝐶2 𝑒𝑒 2𝑥𝑥 (b) 𝑦𝑦 = 𝐶𝐶1 𝑒𝑒 −𝑥𝑥/2 + 𝐶𝐶2 𝑒𝑒 𝑥𝑥 (c) 𝑦𝑦 = 𝐶𝐶1 𝑒𝑒 4𝑥𝑥 + 𝐶𝐶2 𝑥𝑥𝑒𝑒 4𝑥𝑥
(d) 𝑦𝑦 = 𝐶𝐶1 𝑒𝑒 −3𝑥𝑥/2 + 𝐶𝐶2 𝑥𝑥𝑒𝑒 −3𝑥𝑥/2 (e) 𝑦𝑦 = 𝑒𝑒 −4𝑥𝑥 (𝐶𝐶1 sin 5𝑥𝑥 + 𝐶𝐶2 cos 5𝑥𝑥)
1 1
(f) 𝑦𝑦 = 𝑒𝑒 −3𝑥𝑥/2 (𝐶𝐶1 sin 𝑥𝑥 + 𝐶𝐶2 cos 𝑥𝑥)
2 2

2)(a) 𝑦𝑦 = 1 − 𝑒𝑒 𝑥𝑥 (b) 𝑦𝑦 = 2𝑒𝑒 −2𝑥𝑥 + 7𝑥𝑥𝑒𝑒 −2𝑥𝑥 (c) 𝑦𝑦 = 𝑒𝑒 𝑥𝑥 (−2 sin 𝑥𝑥 + cos 𝑥𝑥)

Part 2:
50
1)(a) 𝑦𝑦 = 𝑒𝑒 −𝑥𝑥 (𝐶𝐶1 sin 5𝑥𝑥 + 𝐶𝐶2 cos 5𝑥𝑥) + (b) 𝑦𝑦 = 𝐶𝐶1 𝑒𝑒 𝑥𝑥 + 𝐶𝐶2 𝑥𝑥𝑒𝑒 𝑥𝑥 + 3
13
(c) 𝑦𝑦 = 𝐶𝐶1 𝑒𝑒 2𝑥𝑥 + 𝐶𝐶2 𝑒𝑒 5𝑥𝑥 + 𝑥𝑥 − 2 (d) 𝑦𝑦 = 𝑒𝑒 2𝑥𝑥 (𝐶𝐶1 sin 𝑥𝑥 + 𝐶𝐶2 cos 𝑥𝑥) + 𝑥𝑥 + 1
4𝑥𝑥
(e) 𝑦𝑦 = 𝐶𝐶1 + 𝐶𝐶2 𝑒𝑒 3𝑥𝑥 − (f) 𝑦𝑦 = 𝐶𝐶1 + 𝐶𝐶2 𝑒𝑒 2𝑥𝑥 + 𝑥𝑥 2 + 𝑥𝑥
3
(g) 𝑦𝑦 = 𝐶𝐶1 𝑒𝑒 −3𝑥𝑥 + 𝐶𝐶2 𝑒𝑒 5𝑥𝑥
− 4𝑥𝑥𝑒𝑒 −3𝑥𝑥 (h) 𝑦𝑦 = 𝐶𝐶1 cos 2𝑥𝑥 + 𝐶𝐶2 sin 2𝑥𝑥 + 2𝑥𝑥 𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠 2𝑥𝑥

2)(a) 𝑦𝑦 = 3𝑒𝑒 −𝑥𝑥 + 2𝑒𝑒 2𝑥𝑥 − 𝑥𝑥 + 1 (b) 𝑦𝑦 = sin 3𝑥𝑥 + 2 cos 3𝑥𝑥 − 𝑥𝑥 + 1

(c) 𝑦𝑦 = −5𝑒𝑒 −𝑥𝑥 − 𝑥𝑥𝑒𝑒 −𝑥𝑥 + 𝑥𝑥 2 − 4𝑥𝑥 + 6 (d) 𝑦𝑦 = 2𝑒𝑒 −3𝑥𝑥 − 𝑒𝑒 𝑥𝑥 + 𝑒𝑒 2𝑥𝑥

Part 3:

1) 𝑖𝑖ℎ = 𝑒𝑒 −𝑡𝑡 (4 cos 2𝑡𝑡 + sin 2𝑡𝑡) (transient current, 𝑖𝑖 𝑇𝑇 )

𝑖𝑖𝑝𝑝 = sin 2𝑡𝑡 − 4 cos 2𝑡𝑡 . (steady current, 𝑖𝑖𝑠𝑠 )

𝑖𝑖 = 𝑖𝑖ℎ + 𝑖𝑖𝑝𝑝 = 𝑒𝑒 −𝑡𝑡 (4 cos 2𝑡𝑡 + sin 2𝑡𝑡) + sin 2𝑡𝑡 − 4 cos 2𝑡𝑡.

2) 𝑥𝑥 = 0.05(𝑒𝑒 −4𝑡𝑡 − 𝑒𝑒 −16𝑡𝑡 )

3 3 3 3
3) 𝑄𝑄(𝑡𝑡) = 𝑒𝑒 −10𝑡𝑡 � cos 20𝑡𝑡 − sin 20𝑡𝑡� − cos 10𝑡𝑡 + sin 10𝑡𝑡.
250 500 250 125