B TECH THIRD SEMESTER EC A & B BATCH

MAT 201 : PARTIAL DIFFERENTIAL EQUATIONS AND COMPLEX ANALYSIS

MODULE 2

APPLICATION OF PDE- ONE DIMENSIONAL WAVE EQUATION

WORK SHEET - 3

1.Find the deflection 𝑦(𝑥, 𝑡) of the vibrating string of length 𝜋 and 𝑐 2 = 1

corresponding to zero initial velocity and initial deflection 𝑓(𝑥 ) = 𝑘(𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑥 − 𝑠𝑖𝑛2𝑥)

Answer: 𝑦(𝑥, 𝑡) = 𝑘(𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑥 cos 𝑐𝑡 − 𝑠𝑖𝑛 2𝑥 cos 2𝑐𝑡)

2. A tightly stretched flexible string has its ends fixed at 𝑥 = 0 & 𝑥 = 𝑙. At t=0, the string
is given a shape defined by 𝑓 (𝑥 ) = 𝑘𝑥 2 (𝑙 − 𝑥 ) where k is a constant and then released
from rest. Find the displacement of any point x of the string at any time t > 0

−2𝑘𝑙3 𝑛𝜋𝑥 𝑛𝜋𝑐𝑡

Answer: 𝑦(𝑥, 𝑡) = ∑∞
𝑛=1 [1 + 2(−1)𝑛 ] sin ( ) 𝑐𝑜𝑠 ( )
𝑛 3𝜋3 𝑙 𝑙

𝝏𝟐 𝒚 𝝏𝟐 𝒚
3.Find the solution of the wave equation = 𝒄𝟐 , corresponding to the triangular
𝝏𝒕𝟐 𝝏𝒙𝟐
2𝑘 𝑙
initial deflection 𝑓 (𝑥) = 𝑥0<𝑥<2
𝑙

2𝑘
= (𝑙 − 𝑥) 𝑙/2 < 𝑥 < 𝑙 and initial velocity zero
𝑙

8𝑘 𝑛𝜋 𝑛𝜋𝑥 𝑛𝜋𝑐𝑡
Answer: 𝑦(𝑥, 𝑡) = ∑∞
𝑛=1 𝑛 2 𝜋2 sin( 2 ) sin ( ) 𝑐𝑜𝑠 ( )
𝑙 𝑙

𝝏𝟐 𝒚 𝝏𝟐 𝒚
4. Solve the wave equation = 𝒄𝟐
𝝏𝒕𝟐 𝝏𝒙𝟐
𝜕𝑦 𝜋𝑥
given 𝑦(0, 𝑡) = 0 ,𝑦(𝑙, 𝑡) = 0 , 𝑦(𝑥, 0) = 0 , ( 𝜕𝑡 ) = 𝑎 sin
𝑡=0 𝑙

𝑙𝑎 𝜋𝑥 𝜋𝑐𝑡
𝐴𝑛𝑠𝑤𝑒𝑟: 𝑦(𝑥, 𝑡) = 𝑐𝜋 sin sin
𝑙 𝑙
 𝝏𝟐 𝒚 𝝏𝟐 𝒚
5. . Solve the wave equation = 𝒄𝟐
𝝏𝒕𝟐 𝝏𝒙𝟐
𝜕𝑦
given 𝑦(0, 𝑡) = 0 ,𝑦(𝑙, 𝑡) = 0 , 𝑦(𝑥, 0) = 𝑓(𝑥) , ( 𝜕𝑡 ) = 𝑔(𝑥)
𝑡=0
Answer: see the note 2.3.2

6. A taut string of length 20cm fastened at both ends is displaced from its position of
equilibrium, by imparting to each of its points an initial velocity given by

𝑓 (𝑥 ) = 𝑥 0 < 𝑥 < 10

= 20 − 𝑥 10 < 𝑥 < 20 .Determine the

displacement at any subsequent time.

1600 𝜋𝑥 𝜋𝑐𝑡 1 3𝜋𝑥 3𝜋𝑐𝑡

𝐴𝑛𝑠𝑤𝑒𝑟 ∶ 𝑦(𝑥, 𝑡) = [sin cos − sin cos + − − − − −]
𝑐𝜋 3 20 20 32 20 20

7. Using d’ Alembert’s method, find the deflection of the vibrating string of unit length
having fixed ends, with initial velocity zero and initial deflection 𝑓 (𝑥 ) = 𝑠𝑖𝑛 𝜋𝑥

Answer : 𝑦(𝑥, 𝑡) = sin 𝜋𝑥 cos 𝜋𝑐𝑡

𝝏𝒖 𝝏𝟐 𝒖
8. Solve = 𝒄𝟐 , 𝑢(0, 𝑡) = 0 𝑢( 𝜋, 𝑡) = 0 , 𝑓 (𝑥 ) = 𝜋𝑥 − 𝑥 2 0≤𝑥≤𝜋
𝝏𝒕 𝝏𝒙𝟐
∞
4 [1 − (−1)𝑛 ] 2 2
𝑢(𝑥, 𝑡) = ∑ 3 sin nx e−c n t
𝜋 𝑛
𝑛=1
𝝏𝟐 𝒖 𝝏𝟐 𝒖 𝜕𝑢 𝜕𝑢
9 Solve = 𝒄𝟐 𝟐 , ( ) =0 ( ) =0 , 𝑢(𝑥. 0) = 𝑥,
𝝏𝒕 𝝏𝒙 𝜕𝑥 𝑥=0 𝜕𝑥 𝑥=50

𝑛 c2 n 2 t
𝑙 2𝑙 [(−1) −1] nπx −
𝑢(𝑥, 𝑡) = + 2
∑∞
𝑛=1 2
𝑐𝑜𝑠 e l2
2 𝜋 𝑛 l

10.The ends A nd Bof a rod 20 cm long have the temperature at 30 0 and 800 until
steady state prevails. The temperature of the ends are changed to 40 0 and 600
respectively. Find the temperature distribution in the rod at time t.

∞
20 [1 + 2(−1)𝑛 ] nπx −c2 n2π2 t
𝑢(𝑥, 𝑡) = 𝑥 + 40 + ∑ sin e 400
𝜋 𝑛 20
𝑛=1