(NMB11203) TUTORIAL 1.

1. Determine the order of the following equations.

𝜕3 𝑢 𝜕2 𝑢
(a) + 𝜕𝑦 2 = 0
𝜕𝑥 3

𝜕2 𝑢 𝜕4 𝑢 𝜕2 𝑢
(b) − 2 𝜕𝑥 3 𝜕𝑦 + 𝜕𝑦 2 = 0
𝜕𝑥 2

𝜕4 𝑢 𝜕2 𝑢
(c) + 𝜕𝑦 2 − 𝑢 = 0
𝜕𝑥 4

𝜕𝑢 3 𝜕𝑢
(d) (𝜕𝑥 ) + 𝜕𝑦 + 𝑢4 = 0

𝜕𝑦 𝜕𝑦 𝜕2 𝑦
(e) + 𝑦 𝜕𝑥 = 𝑣 𝜕𝑥 2
𝜕𝑡

2. Determine whether the following equations are linear or non-linear.

𝜕𝑢 𝜕𝑢
(a) + 𝜕𝑦 = 0
𝜕𝑥

𝜕𝑢 𝜕𝑢 2
(b) + (𝜕𝑦) = 0
𝜕𝑥

𝜕𝑢 𝜕𝑢
(c) + 𝜕𝑦 + 𝑢2 = 0
𝜕𝑥

𝜕𝑢 𝜕𝑢
(d) + 𝜕𝑦 = 𝑥
𝜕𝑥

𝜕2 𝑢
(e) 𝑢 𝜕𝑥 2 + 𝑢 = 0

3. Determine whether the following equations are homogeneous or not.

𝜕𝑢 𝜕𝑢 𝜕𝑢 𝜕𝑢
(a) + 𝜕𝑥 + 𝜕𝑦 + 𝜕𝑧 = 0
𝜕𝑡

𝜕𝑢 𝜕𝑢 𝜕𝑢 𝜕𝑢
(b) + 𝜕𝑥 + 𝜕𝑦 + 𝜕𝑧 = 𝑥 + 𝑦
𝜕𝑡

𝜕4 𝑢 𝜕2 𝑢
1

(c) = 𝑒 −𝑡 𝜕𝑥 2 + 𝑠𝑖𝑛(𝑡)
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𝜕𝑡 4

𝜕𝑢 𝜕𝑢
(d) + 3 𝜕𝑦 − 𝑥𝑦 = 0
𝜕𝑥

𝜕𝑢 𝜕2 𝑢
(e) = + 𝑢2
𝜕𝑡 𝜕𝑠2
 (NMB11203) TUTORIAL 1.5

4. Solve:
𝑢𝑥 + 3𝑢𝑦 = 0
{
𝑢(0, 𝑦) = 4𝑠𝑖𝑛(𝑦)
ans: 𝑢(𝑥, 𝑦) = 4𝑠𝑖𝑛(𝑦 − 3𝑥)

5. Solve:
2𝑢𝑡 + 5𝑢𝑥 = 0
{ 1
𝑢(𝑥, 0) =
1 + 𝑒𝑥
1
ans: 𝑢(𝑥, 𝑡) = 5
𝑥− 𝑡
1+𝑒 2

6. Solve:
5𝑢𝑥 + 2𝑥𝑢𝑦 = 0
{
𝑢(0, 𝑦) = 𝑠𝑖𝑛(𝑦)
𝑥2
ans: 𝑢(𝑥, 𝑦) = 𝑠𝑖𝑛 (𝑦 − )
5

7. Solve:
𝑢𝑡 + 𝑒 𝑥 𝑢𝑥 = 0
{
𝑢(𝑥, 0) = 𝑐𝑜𝑠ℎ(𝑥)
1 1
ans: 𝑢(𝑥, 𝑡) = 2 (𝑡 + 𝑒 −𝑥 ) + 2 (𝑡 + 𝑒 −𝑥 )−1
𝑒 𝑥 +𝑒 −𝑥
(Note: 𝑐𝑜𝑠ℎ(𝑥) = )
2

8. Solve:
𝑢𝑥 + 2𝑢𝑦 = 𝑦𝑒 𝑥
{
𝑢(𝑥, 𝑥) = 𝑠𝑖𝑛(𝑥)

ans: 𝑢(𝑥, 𝑦) = 𝑒 𝑥 (𝑦 − 2) + 𝑠𝑖𝑛(2𝑥 − 𝑦) − 𝑒 2𝑥−𝑦 (2𝑥 − 𝑦 − 2)

9. Solve:
𝑢𝑡 + 3𝑢𝑥 = 𝑠𝑖𝑛(2𝜋𝑡)
{
𝑢(𝑥, 0) = 𝑐𝑜𝑠(𝑥)
1 1
ans: 𝑢(𝑥, 𝑡) = 2𝜋 − 2𝜋 𝑐𝑜𝑠(2𝜋𝑡) + 𝑐𝑜𝑠(𝑥 − 3𝑡)
10. Solve:
𝑢𝑡 + 3𝑥𝑢𝑥 = 2𝑡
{
𝑢(𝑥, 0) = 𝑙𝑛(1 + 𝑥 2 )
2

ans: 𝑢(𝑥, 𝑡) = 𝑡 2 + 𝑙𝑛|1 + 𝑥 2 𝑒 −6𝑡 |

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11. Solve:
2
{𝑢𝑥 + 3𝑦 𝑢𝑦 = 2
3

𝑢(𝑥, 1) = 1 + 𝑥
1
ans: 𝑢(𝑥, 𝑦) = 𝑥 + 𝑦 3
(NMB11203) TUTORIAL 1.5

12. Solve:
𝑢𝑡 + 𝑢𝑥 + 7𝑢 = 0
{
𝑢(𝑥, 0) = 𝑒 𝑥
ans: 𝑢(𝑥, 𝑡) = 𝑒 𝑥−8𝑡

13. Solve:
𝑢𝑡 − 4𝑢𝑥 + 𝑢 = 0
{ 1
𝑢(0, 𝑥) =
1 + 𝑥2
𝑒 4𝑡
ans: 𝑢(𝑥, 𝑡) = 1+(𝑥+4𝑡)2

14. Solve:
𝑥𝑢𝑥 + 𝑦𝑢𝑦 = 2𝑢
{
𝑢(𝑥, 1) = 𝑐𝑜𝑠(𝑥)
𝑥
ans: 𝑢(𝑥, 𝑦) = 𝑦 2 𝑐𝑜𝑠 (𝑦)

15. Solve:
𝑢𝑥 + 𝑢𝑦 + 𝑢 = 1
{
𝑢(𝑥, 𝑥 + 𝑥 2 ) = 𝑠𝑖𝑛(𝑥) 𝑓𝑜𝑟 𝑥 > 0
ans: 𝑢(𝑥, 𝑦) = 1 − 𝑒 −𝑥+√𝑦−𝑥 (1 − 𝑠𝑖𝑛(√𝑦 − 𝑥))

16. Solve:
2𝑢𝑥 + 𝑢𝑡 − 𝑢 = 𝑡
{
𝑢(𝑥, 0) = 𝑠𝑖𝑛(𝑥) 𝑓𝑜𝑟 𝑡 > 0
ans: 𝑢(𝑥, 𝑡) = −(𝑡 + 1) + 𝑒 𝑡 (1 + 𝑠𝑖𝑛(𝑥 − 2𝑡))

17. Solve:
2𝑢𝑥 − 3𝑢𝑦 + 2𝑢 = 2𝑥
{ 𝑥
𝑢 (𝑥, − ) = 𝑥 2
2
𝑥
(3𝑥+2𝑦)2 (3𝑥+2𝑦)
ans: 𝑢(𝑥, 𝑦) = 𝑥 − 1 + 𝑒 (2+𝑦) ( − + 1)
4 2

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