DRRR REVIEWER О Seismic

The Conceptual Framework  Earthquake

Hazard → Disaster  Volcanic
Risk/Probability of a Disaster  Tsunami

О Climatic
 Wind
 Precipitation
 Lightning
 Temperatures
 Erosion
 Drought
 Desertification
 Floods

 Human-made (anthropogenic)
О Technological
 Substance release
 Transport
Hazard  Structural failure
 Explosions
• Anything that may pose a danger  Fire
 Environmental interference
• Natural or human-made phenomenon or О Conflict
mixture of both
 Armed (war, terrorism,
• Has the potential to adversely affect human complex)
health, property, activity, and/or the  Unarmed (sanctions, embargo)
environment О Mixed
 Landslide
• “potential energy”  Epidemic
 Natural
Characteristics of Events
 Seismic
 Climatic
 Onset
 Infectious
 Scope
 diseases

 Mixed (natural + human)

 Health related

 Human-made (anthropogenic)

 Human-made
(anthropogenic)
 Technological
 Stored chemicals
 Unstable structure
 Unexploded bomb
 Material transport
 Potential Conflict

Event
Components of scope
 An occurrence that has the potential to
affect living things and/or the environment
 The actualization of the hazard
 Primary (precipitating) event: event
responsible for initiating the damage;
example-Hurricane Katrina
 Secondary event: events that result from the
primary event: example: flood of New
Orleans as a result of Hurricane Katrina
 Release of energy
 Natural
 Amplitude: measure of power
 Flood crest, storm surge height,
Richter scale
 Intensity: amplitude/sample time
 Rainfall/hour
 Scale: intensity in an area (intensity x area)
 Incidence of disease in county,
hectares flooded
 Magnitude: total energy of the event
 (scale x duration)
 Absorbing capacity

 The ability to absorb the free energy of an

event without sustaining damage
 Levees
 Building codes
 Reforestation
 Boarding windows
 Bomb shelters
 Bullet proof vests
 Armor
 Air bags
 Mitigation is anything done to increase
absorbing capacity

Damage Change in Function

 Harm or injury impairing the value or  Damage can result in a change in function
usefulness of something, or the health or  Broken pipe leads to loss of water supply
normal function of persons  Damaged bridge leads to loss of means of
transportation
 The negative result of an event on  Broken leg leads to loss of mobility
structures  Collapsed building leads to loss of shelter
 Humans and other living things  Flooded field leads to loss of food supply
 Human-built structure
 Environment

 Adverse consequence of energy release

The Language of Disaster Modification

Hazard
Risk 1 Modification

Event
Risk 2

Damage
Absorbing Capacity
Absorbing Capacity
Buffering Capacity
Change in Function
 The ability of a society to cope with damage
and to function despite damage
Birnbaum, ML; O’Rourke, AP
Disaster
 The ability to maintain essential functions
for a change in available resources

 Surplus
 Evacuation
  Emergency Medical Services
 Shelters
 Caches of supplies

Preparedness

Preparedness = risk management = Absorbing

capacity + buffering capacity + response capacity

Disaster

• A serious disruption of the functioning of a

society, causing widespread human,
material, and/or environmental losses,
which exceed the ability of an affected
society to cope using only its own resources
Impact of Disaster (Physical) 1. Deteoriation of health (lack of food and
nutrition)
 Injuries 2. Restricted mobility prevents from
 Death taking Early Warnings and evacuation
 Physical disability 3. Greater stress
 Burns 4. Perceived to be victims rather than
 Epidemic responders
 Weakness/uneasiness
 Physical illness CHILDREN
 Sanitation  Health- Undernourishment, malnutrition,
inadequate hygiene and sanitation
 Miscarriage
 Reproductive health
 Psychological-Fear, anxiety, Childish or
 Fatigue, Loss of Sleep
regressive behaviour, difficulty in sleeping
 Loss of Appetite and concentrating –Play therapy, story
telling etc.
Impact of Disaster (Economic)
 Education-Studies discontinued, schools
 Loss of life being used as shelters girl children
 Unemployment dropouts
 Loss of Livelihood
 Loss of property/Land
 Loss of household articles IMPACT: MOTHER & CHILD
 Loss of crops  Increased cases of complications and
 Loss of Public Infrastructure premature delivery amongst women
(children born are weak)
Impact of Disaster (Social)
 feeding of infants (stress interferes with
 Change in individual’s role the release of milk in mothers and it
 Disruption of social fabric weakens the immune system of child)
 Isolation
 Change in marital status  Children born as a consequence of
 Sexual abuse & domestic violence gender based violence
 Orphans
 Single parent children
 Family & social disorganization AGED POPULATION
 Migration
Vulnerable Physical Impairments
 Life style changes
 Natural aging process
 Breakdown of traditional Social Status
 Impaired balance (balance disorder)
Impact of Disaster (Psychological)  Decreased strength
 Poor exercise tolerance
 Distress  Deterioration of sight, hearing,
 Flash backs smell, taste, and touch
 Intrusion/Avoidance
IMPACT OF AGED
 Hatred/Revenge
 Dependence/Insecurity
 Unable to hear danger signals, alarms, etc.
 Grief/Withdrawn/Isolation
 Difficulty in evacuation
 Guilt feeling
 Difficulty in protection
 Hyper vigilance
 Difficulty in getting access to relief and
 Lack of trust
compensation money
 Helplessness
 Difficulty locating avenues of escape
 Hopelessness

More vulnerable group

-is defined as a group which has some
special needs in a disaster and cannot comfortably
 Have to face the shock of losing all that they
or safely access; and use the standard resources
had attained in life
offered in disaster preparedness, relief and
 Home
recovery.
 Family
CATEGORIES:  Security
Includes but is not limited to:
Women
Children
Old aged PHYISICALLY & MENTALLY CHALLENGED
 Physically and mentally challenged
 Visually challenged
 People with critical needs
 Hearing impaired
DIFFERENTIAL IMPACT ON WOMEN  Physically disabled
 Mentally challenged
PEOPLE WITH CRITICAL NEEDS О Reach
О Plan
 Dependent on life sustaining medications О Involve
such as with HIV/AIDS, on dialysis, О Manage
epileptic, diabetes, or are dependent on
medications to control conditions and
maintain quality of life such as pain
medications, seizure control medicationsetc.

 Dependency upon health care facilities &

health care professionals

 In disasters, pre-existing medical

conditions inhibit ability to function and are
aggravated by

 loss of meds

 loss of health care venues (hospitals,

dialysis centers, pharmacies)

 loss of power to access home for

nebulizers, oxygen therapy, suction devices,
injections etc.

WHAT NEEDS TO BE DONE

 Establish mechanisms to support the more

vulnerable group to access their
entitlements

 Create opportunities for them to participate

in decision making.

PRE DISASTER SCENARIO

 Location
 Consultation
 Needs Assessment
 Educate the special populations
specifically Do’s and don'ts in a disaster
 Awareness Generation -Encouraging
community to assist vulnerable groups and
involving them in CBDRM process

THRUST AREAS

 Policies should be more specific and

sensitive to the more vulnerable group

 Disasters should be used as window of

opportunity to empower the vulnerable
group

 Personal Preparedness for

 People with Special Needs

 Community-based Preparedness for

 People with Special Needs

 Infrastructure Preparedness for

 People with Special Needs

PRINCIPLE FOR THE MORE VULNERABLE

GROUP

О Define
О Locate