10/25/2016

BIM 4 SUSTAINABILITY
ACHIEVING SUSTAINABILITY THROUGH
BIM INTEGRATION IN THE CONSTRUCTION
INDUSTRY

Prof. Ayman Ahmed Ezzat Othman

Ph.D., M.Sc., B.Sc., PMI, SAVE, ASCAAD, ASOCSA
Professor o Construction and Project Management
Head of Architectural Engineering Department
The British University in Egypt (BUE)

2016

IN THE NAME OF ALLAH

MOST GRACIOUS, MOST MERCIFUL

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PRESENTATION OUTLINE

The Construction Industry

Sustainability

Building Information Modeling

Achieving Sustainability through BIM

New Areas of Research in BIM

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THE CONSTRUCTION INDUSTRY

1. Contr ibution of the Constr uction

Industr y
Social Contribution
Providing building and infrastructure projects
that fulfill community needs

Constructing sophisticated infrastructure

comprising efficient road networks, superlative
telecommunications facilities as well as water and
electricity.

THE CONSTRUCTION INDUSTRY

1. Contr ibution of the Constr uction

Industr y

Economic contribution
GDP (3%-6% underdeveloped countries
7%-10% developed countries)
Job Opportunities
Encourage other industries to develop and
prosper.

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THE CONSTRUCTION INDUSTRY

Impact on the Environment

THE CONSTRUCTION INDUSTRY

Impact on the Environment

 Energy Use, Global Warming and Climate Change
 50% of global energy usage
mainly used in the production of materials, the construction process and
by occupants or users of the building or structure throughout its
lifetime.

 Resource depletion, waste and recycling

 50% Materials extracted from earth crust
 50% Waste generated

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THE CONSTRUCTION INDUSTRY

 Pollution and hazardous substances in the natural and

built environment

 23% of air pollution

 50% of climate change gases
 40% of drinking water pollution
 50% of landfill wastes

THE CONSTRUCTION INDUSTRY

 Planning, land-use and conser vation

 There is a wide range of environmental
issues concerned with the interaction of the
land use, planning system and the
construction industry.

 Almost all development undertaken by the

construction industry requires planning
permission. If not planned, the construction
industry can have a devastating impact on
the biodiversity of particular sites.

 Significant impact upon transport

movements and place considerable pressure
on the local road network.

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THE CONSTRUCTION INDUSTRY

 Constr uction as an activity

The traditional conceptualization of
construction

 Reliance of Human Workforce.

Time and Cost Overrun

 Impacts of the Conventional Managerial

Concepts in Construction
 Sequential method of design and
construction
 Lack of quality considerations
cost of poor quality in average
business operations is in the range of
20% - 50% of the construction cost.
 Segmented control

THE CONSTRUCTION INDUSTRY

Constr uction as a flow

 Design process
 Transforming client needs and wants
into technical drawings and
specifications.

 Poor understanding of client value

and requirements.

 Rework (due to design errors during

the design process).

 Non value-adding activities in

information and work flows.

Unethical Behaviour

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THE CONSTRUCTION INDUSTRY

Constr uction as a flow

 Constr uction process

 Fragmented nature.

 Material provision, processing and

assembly on site.

Low Productivity and Non value-adding

activities in the material and work flows.

 Rework due to design error identified

later or construction errors

 Poor communication / cooperation

between project participants.

THE CONSTRUCTION INDUSTRY

Health and Safety in the Constr uction
Industr y
Construction is a very accident-prone
business.
Poor safety record.
Social and economic impacts on companies
and society.
Lack or improper implementation of H&S
regulations

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THE CONSTRUCTION INDUSTRY

Risk s in the Constr uction Indus tr y

 Construction is subject to more risk than any
other industry.

 Different types of risk related (cost, time,

quality, safety).

 Lack or improper implementation of risk

management regulations

THE CONSTRUCTION INDUSTRY

Constr uction and Manufactur ing

Difference between construction and

Environment
manufacturing.
Structure
Many techniques adopted
manufacturing and other industries Culture
proofed success in construction.
Communication
Barriers to adopt manufacturing tools Technology
and techniques in the construction
industry. Machines and Tools

Quality

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DO WE NEED TO IMPROVE THE

CONSTRUCTION INDUSTRY?

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SUSTAINABILIT Y

The Elephant Stor y!! Background and Definition

There are more than 200 definition of

sustainability.

This is because different academic

fields and disciplines have their own
definitions and approaches.

However, all definitions agree that it is

important to consider the future of the planet
and there are many ways for humans to protect
and enhance the Earth while satisfying the
needs of various stakeholders.

Sustainability is any development that meets the needs of the present without
compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs’ (World
Commission on Environment and Development, 1987).

SUSTAINABILIT Y

Sustainability Aspects

Environmental

Social

Economic

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EXAMPLES OF SUCCESSFUL
SUSTAINABLE PROJECT

COMMERCIAL BUILDING, SWEDEN.

OFFICE BUILDING, USA

TRAMLINE, SWEDEN.

EXAMPLES OF FAILED SUSTAINABLE

PROJECT

Bahrain World Trade Centre Cairo Financial Centre

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INTERNATIONAL CERTIFICATIONS
TOWARDS ACHIEVING SUSTAINABILITY IN
BUILDINGS
Leadership in Energy & Environmental Design (LEED

LEED stands for green building leadership. LEED is transforming

the way of how buildings and communities are designed,
constructed, maintained and operated across the globe. LEED
certified buildings save money and resources and have a positive
impact on the health of occupants, while promoting renewable,
clean energy. LEED is a green building certification programme
that recognizes best-in-class building strategies and practices.

1. Building Design and

Construction
2. Interior Design and
Construction
3. Building Operations and
Maintenance
4. Neighborhood Development
5. Homes

INTERNATIONAL CERTIFICATIONS
TOWARDS ACHIEVING SUSTAINABILITY IN
BUILDINGS
Building Research Establishment Environmental
Assessment Methodology (BREEAM)
BREEAM is the world's foremost environmental assessment
method and rating system for buildings, with 551.880 buildings
with certified BREEAM assessment ratings and over 2,000,000
registered for assessment since it was first launched in 1990.
BREEAM sets the standard for best practice in sustainable
building design, construction and operation.

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INTERNATIONAL CERTIFICATIONS
TOWARDS ACHIEVING SUSTAINABILITY IN
BUILDINGS
Green Pyramid Rating System
The Green Pyramid rating system was introduced according to the
initiative that was taken by the Housing and Building National
Research Center to establish the Green Building Council in 2009.
The objective of GPRS is to provide green credentials for the
assessment of buildings in Egypt through raising awareness of the
necessity of green buildings according to the Egyptian context and
conditions.
40-49 points Certified

50-59 points Silver Pyramid

60-79 points Gold Pyramid

80 or more points: Green Pyramid

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BUILDING INFORMATION MODELING

Building Information Modeling (BIM) is a process involving the generation and

management of digital representations of physical and functional
characteristics of places. (Wikipedia).

A BIM is a shared knowledge resource for information about a facility forming

a reliable basis for decisions during its life-cycle; defined as existing from
earliest conception to demolition (NBIMS – National BIM Standard – United
States) .

BIM provides a common environment for all information defining a building,

facility or asset, together with its common parts and activities. This includes
building shape, design and construction time, costs, physical performance,
logistics and more (RICS).

Building Information Modeling (BIM) is the process of generating and

managing building data during its life cycle.

GLOBAL PERSPECTIVE ON BIM

1. The global construction industry is undergoing a

paradigm shift
2. Adoption of BIM is a national strategy in many countries/
economies
3. Long term commitment and investment on BIM by some
governments and regional agencies
4. Countries will loss their competitiveness if they do not
catch up now.

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GLOBAL PERSPECTIVE ON BIM

Mainland China
Mandatory Korea
BIM has been included as 2012: Public
Statsbygg, Norway part of the National 12th Procurement Service will
2010: Requires IFC/BIM for new buildings Five Year Plan (2011 – fully adopt IFC-based
Norwegian Defence Estates Agency 2015) and is formulating a open BIM
Is running 3 BIM pilots BIM framework.

U.S. GSA
U.S. Army
Corp of
Engineers
2008 : Mandatory
Senate Properties
BIM for government UK (property services
projects 2016: Mandatory agency), Finland
BIM for 2007: Requires IFC/BIM in its Egypt
government projects and intends to have
projects > £5 integrated model-based
million operation in future

Singapore
2013: BIM Submission for Regulatory
Source: BCA Approval

2012: BIM as part of public sector

building project procurement

HISTORICAL DEVELOPMENT OF BIM

• The conceptual underpinnings of the BIM system go back to the

earliest days of computing. As early as 1962, Douglas C.
Englebart suggests object based design, parametric
manipulation and a relational database. ³

• The SAGE graphical

interface and Ivan
Sutherland’s Sketchpad
program in 1963. ³

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HISTORICAL DEVELOPMENT OF BIM

 The two main methods of displaying and recording

shape information that began to appear in the 1970s
and 1980s were Constructive Solid Geometry (CSG) and
Boundary Representation (BREP). 4

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CSG BREP

HISTORICAL DEVELOPMENT OF BIM

One of the first projects to successfully create a building database

was the Building Description System (BDS) which was the first
software to describe individual library elements which can be
retrieved and added to a model (1974).

Eastman’s next project, GLIDE

(Graphical Language for
Interactive Design) created in
1977 at CMU, exhibited most of
the characteristics of a modern
BIM platform.

GLIDE 32

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HISTORICAL DEVELOPMENT OF BIM

The RUCAPS software System developed by GMW Computers (England) in

1986 was the first program to use the concept of temporal phasing of
construction processes and was used to assist in the phased construction
of Heathrow Airport’s Terminal three. 4

A later but prominent example of a simulation tool that gave feedback and
‘suggested’ solutions based on a model is the Building Design Advisor,
developed at Lawrence Berkeley National Lab beginning in 1993. 4

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HISTORICAL DEVELOPMENT OF BIM

• ArchiCAD was developed in 1982 in Budapest,

Hungary by Gábor Bojár. ArchiCAD is recognized
as the first CAD product on a personal computer
able to create both 2D drawings and parametric
3D geometry.

• Revit Technology Corporation released Revit

version 1.0 on April 5, 2000. Autodesk purchased
the Revit Technology Corporation for US$133
million in 2002. Autodesk has released several
versions of Revit since 2004. In 2005 Revit
Structure was introduced, then in 2006 Revit
MEP. After the 2006 release Revit Building was
renamed Revit Architecture. 9

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BIM ADOPTION BY CONSTRUCTION

PROFESSIONALS

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BIM INTEGRATION IN THE CONSTRUCTION

INDUSTRY

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1. VISUAL ACCESS TO BUILDING

INFORMATION

BIM is actually a 3D model

loaded with all the information
like quantity take offs, MEP
design details, cost details,
project schedules and many
more. All this information is
available in a visual format.

For example – as schedule

progresses, it is also possible to
view the simultaneously
accumulative costs.

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2. ENABLES EASY CONFLICT

RESOLUTIONS

Any kind of conflicts in the design

can be easily detected in a BIM
environment. This is because of
the effective visualization. If the
MEP design conflicts with the
structural design, then this
conflict can be easily viewed in BI
model, when the MEP and
structural information is fed into
it. On detection, these clashes
can be immediately addressed
and mitigated.

3. HELPS SCHEDULE THE

CONSTRUCTION PROCESS

The information about the

construction schedules is fed
into BIM and it can be
visualized as a process. As the
schedules i.e. the construction
process progresses, the use of
materials, the accumulative
costs, the productivity of labor
etc all can be evaluated and
hence projects can be planned
in a better manner.

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4. SUPPORTS LEAN CONSTRUCTION

Building Information Modeling

allows continuous and concurrent
improvements across all the
dimensions of a built environment
and a construction process, in terms
of design, construction, energy
efficiency, maintenance and
recycling.

Hence utilizing the minimum

resources, minimum materials,
minimum labor and by adopting the
best planning and management
practices highest value is generated.

5. HELPS MANAGE THE INVOLVED

COSTS

BIM allows effective and near to

accurate cost estimation at every
stage of construction process.

Besides all the conflicts are

mitigated early on and hence, any
possibility of rework or
unnecessary expenditures is
negated. Therefore, BIM ensures
that the capital is used in the
most prudent and efficient
manner.

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6. ALLOWS IMPROVED COORDINATION

AND BETTER MANAGEMENT

All the people involved in a

construction project i.e. architect,
builder, construction manager,
MEP engineer, Structural
engineer, etc; remain updated
about even the smallest change
in the building design through the
BI model.

This allows better coordination

between teams and hence better
management.

7. ENABLES EFFECTIVE FACILIT Y

MANAGEMENT

When integrated with a computer

aided maintenance management
system, BIM allows effective
management of a facility.

After the building is built and

occupied, there can still be a lot of
conflicts due to the changing spatial
requirements. These can be
efficiently handled by using BIM as
an operations and maintenance
tool.

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8. REPAIR, RENOVATION AND

REFURBISHMENT BECOMES EASY

BIM is the most effective tool

for retrofit and renovation
projects. This is because of the
‘I’ in BIM.

The model has all the

information about the
construction project, any
renovation and repair work can
be planned surrounding this
information.

9. SUPPORTS DETAILED DOCUMENTATION

ACROSS THE BUILDINGS LIFECYCLE

BIM doubles up as
detailed documentation
for a building and
construction project. As
mentioned in the
previous point, the ‘I’ in
BIM is very important.
The model can store all
information right down
to the scratch.

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10. BIM CAN BE LEVERAGED FOR

SUSTAINABILITY

Using BIM as an integral

part of the design
process, the aspect of
energy efficiency, waste
management and water
management and hence
sustainability can be
efficiently integrated into
a building design.

CHALLENGES OF BIM IMPLEMENTATION

 High cost of software and hardware

 High cost of training

 Lack of skillful personnel to make a perfect BIM based design and

manipulate data

 Data loss due to exchange issues

 Industry resistance to process change

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NEW AREAS OF RESEARCH IN BIM

1. BIM ecosystem: products, processes and people

2. BIM and lean construction
3. BIM for operations and facilities management
4. BIM in design, construction and maintenance
5. BIM, technology management and integration in practice
6. BIM, systems design and production
7. BIM-based collaboration
8. BIM and mobile computing
9. BIM and building automation
10. Project BIM decision support systems
11. Performance analysis and simulations
12. Sustainability and life cycle management
13. BIM education and distributed learning
14. BIM and Human Resources
15. BIM and Health and Safety

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