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Third Quarter August 2010

Old Challenges - New Solutions

Table of Contents
New Solutions for Old Challenges . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 Going Green - Latest Environmental News . . . . . . 10

Effective Pipeline Simulation Modeling . . . . . . 4 - 7 Business Briefs . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13 - 14

7th EFRC – The International Platform for Reciprocat- People on the Move . . . . . . . . . . 14
ing Compressor Manufacturers and Users . . . . 8 - 9
US Published Patent Abstracts . . . . . . . . 18
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as valve performance and wear, pulsation control Victoria Osborne, Publisher
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We especially welcome case studies that illustrate

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 Journal

GM
New solutions for old challenges Effective Pipeline Simulation Modeling
One of the best places to discover a new solution to an old challenge is an industry knowl- Augusto Garcia-Hernandez tion will only be as accurate as the geometry
edge transfer event, aka a conference, symposium, colloquia, etc. The GM Journal has Marybeth G. Nored and operating conditions provided by the op-
attended two such events in the past quarter - one new and one an established leader. Both erating company. SwRI has developed several
provided insight into current industry challenges and some of the innovative solutions be- Introduction specialized in-house codes as well as model-
ing developed, tested, and implemented. We also have a preview of the upcoming EFRC ing capabilities using commercially available
Conference in Florence and the GMC in Phoenix. We will continue to bring our readers Upstream gas supply issues present new codes to deliver accurate results for some of
the latest news and developments from these industry events. challenges to natural gas pipeline operators. the most challenging dynamic problems. The
These supply issues include variability in gas examples provided below illustrate these ca-
Inaugural PRCI CORE Symposium, May 25 - 26, Houston, Texas compositions, gas clean-up and processing pabilities and the benefits of accurate pipeline
The CORE (Compliant, Optimized, and increased demand in remote areas. Due simulations.
Reliable Engine) Symposium has been to the aging pipeline infrastructure in many
created “to review current (market- areas within the United States, many pipeline Modeling
ready) NOx control technology options companies are utilizing pipeline simulation
and their associated project scope, bud- modeling to take a “big picture” view of their Transient and steady state flow modeling of
getary & timeline issues.” TransCanada
assets to better manage resources and identify pipeline systems and other fluid transient re-
Pipelines presented the inaugural ses-
potential reliability concerns. sponses are performed at SwRI with a variety
sion, which was co-sponsored by PRCI
and key industry vendors (Re-Ignite - a of one-dimensional and three-dimensional
Joint Cameron - Hoerbiger Solution and When implemented correctly, pipeline simu- fluid dynamic codes. These codes include in-
Dresser-Rand Enginuity). The meeting lations provide a thorough and detailed view house non-commercial that use the full Na-
was attended by project management, of a pipeline network to evaluate reliability, vier Stokes fluid equations, method of char-
environmental and plant reliability per- minimize downtime, and investigate specific acteristics or similar finite difference solution
sonnel who are responsible for specify- operational issues. Pipeline models may be techniques transient pipe flow simulations.
ing, installing and operating reciprocat- used to investigate various issues, such as Other commercially available packages such
ing engine NOx retrofit projects. hydrocarbon liquid dropout, transient effects as Stoner, Caesar, CFDesign and CFX are
(e.g., compressor station ESD events), gas also utilized on a routine basis. The choice of
In the following Q&A, Vern Meier emissions, and station MAOP limits. These software package depends on the pipeline ap-
(Vice President, US Pipeline Opera- issues are not easily determined without a plication being simulated, the level of detail
tions TransCanada Corporation) re- full system model. Full system modeling will required, the influence of 3-D effects and the
sponds to our questions about the mitigate operational and safety hazards for budget / time available to the project.
Symposium and his keynote talk: “Op- the pipeline operator. The following paper de-
portunity from Regulation - A Trans- scribes typical simulation methodology used All computer codes whether in-house or
Canada Perspective.” by Southwest Research Institute (SwRI) and commercially available have the same basic
provides specific examples of how simulation requirements to solve for transient pressures
GM Journal: In his introduction, Cur- tools are being utilized to optimize pipeline and flows in piping sections as well as other
Attendees at the inaugural CORE Conference in Houston.
tis Pedersen remarked that the CORE performance. responses of the system. The equations in the
Symposium would focus on proven solutions, not theoretical or lab-tested techniques. Is computer programs allow for the determina-
the symposium planned to be an annual event, and will this focus remain the same?
Application to Gas Companies tion of pressure and flow at each time step at
each end of interior section of pipe. The con-
Vern Meier: TransCanada actively supports ongoing research through its affiliations with
both the Gas Machinery Research Council and the Pipeline Research Council Interna- Pipeline simulations have been utilized as ditions at the ends or nodes of the first and
tional. Many of today’s technically and commercially proven clean combustion technolo- optimization tool in many different liquid last section of pipe (non-interior points) are
gies are a product of that research. We will continue to encourage joint industry-vendor and gas processes. In addition, new designs determined by boundary conditions. Correct
collaboration in the development and application of these technologies. Events like the and equipment selection are usually vali- implementation and interpretation of bound-
CORE Symposium are an effective means for exchanging that type of information. To dated through computational models due to ary conditions is critical to the accuracy of the
the extent that there continues to be a high level of interest, we would support an annual their flexibility, time and cost. Simulation of solution.
event with a continued focus on the application of proven solutions for both reciprocating an entire pipeline’s operating conditions and
engines and turbine drivers. process before proceeding with the detailed All of the process piping that connects a
engineering is a very common strategy em- compressor to scrubbers, coolers, or recycle
GMJ: In your opening remarks, you gave examples of how “need-driven innovation gen- ployed on new systems. For existing pipeline valves between a large volume source or main
erates unanticipated benefits” - like Velcro and Tang from space program research. Do systems, simulations are used to aid the mod- pipeline and a final delivery pipeline or dis-
you feel that the industry as a whole feels the need to innovate urgently, or is there a sense ernization and optimization of the existent charge volume must be divided into sections
of “wait and see?” pump and compressor stations or study modi- with designated lengths and diameters. The
fications involving connecting new supply choice of time-scale and length-scale will also
VM: The industry has recently experienced a tremendous amount of change relative to areas or acquisitions. influence the accuracy and precision of the
environmental regulation and there remains a great deal of uncertainty as to what the final solution (as well as the stability of the model
outcomes will be. The stakes can potentially be quite high and organizations are hesi- Accurate pipeline simulations must involve a in the case of high transient effects or abrupt
tant to commit to significant capital investments or development costs without having a detailed analysis of the real system to produce area changes). The piping solution techniques
full understanding of what the ultimate requirements will entail, what the ideal solutions an accurate model of the simulated pipeline provide a method for defining pressure and
will be and what mechanisms might exist to recover their costs. So, while I would sug- or facility. The expression, “Garbage In, Gar-
continued on page 16 bage Out,” is relevant here in that the simula- cont’d next page
p. 4 GM Journal
HOERBIGER Engine Solutions
 Journal

GM
Effective Pipeline Simulation Modeling cont’d
flow at each point in the system at each time and affect the pipeline system response to
step, as affected by initial and boundary con- controller inputs based on operating condi-
ditions. tions. Valve controllers and other control
components are a key part of a pipeline sys-
Special Nodes tem response during changing operations or
upsets. A valve controller and the valve actua-
Special nodes are required for centrifugal tor determine how rapidly a valve changes its
compressors, for every valve that opens, stroke or percent opening during an event.
closes, or changes its flow resistance during In the transient flow model, a valve controller
the simulation, for heaters, coolers, filters, can be simulated, as simply as a stroke rate or
or scrubbers that change gas temperatures or as completely as a full integral, proportional,
properties, and for any other elements that and derivative controller. Controllers for a
affect the flow like junctions or “Tees” that compressor driver may also be simulated
combine, divide, add, or remove mass. In a including fuel controllers, acceleration and
transient flow model, a centrifugal compres- deceleration curves, inertial limits for coast
sor is represented by an element with a suc- down, and other system behaviors. Heater or
tion node and a discharge node with boundary cooler controls can be modeled such that the
conditions such that the suction mass flow effects of more cooling fans or a higher heat-
rate, proper for the speed and head rise, is ing rate can be included.
transported to the discharge node at the prop-
er pressure and density. At the next time step, Another subroutine and additional feature of
both head and suction flow are re-calculated any transient gas flow modeling programs
and speed may change as the compressor ac- is a complete gas properties calculation rou-
celerates or decelerates. tine based on selected Equations of State that
are suitable for the gases or liquids involved.
Valves that open, close, or change their re- Equations of State such as the BWR and the
sistance during normal operation or an upset SRK equations are typically used as well as
and particularly recycle or bypass valves are the new AGA 8 equation. The gas properties
modeled by special nodes or elements, which subroutine for most software packages is car-
calculates flow rate based on valve flow coef- ried out such that the gas density and other
ficient (Cv) and differential pressure at each critical properties are determined at each new
time step. The pressures upstream and down- pressure and temperature level.
stream of a valve are calculated for the next
time step, by the normal transient simulation The Input Data
techniques. Then the flow calculations are
repeated for the next time step with the new It is clear from the preceding description of
differential pressure. A change in density is the pipeline flow and control system model-
required across a valve that takes a pressure ing techniques, that a great deal of detailed Figure 1. Typical Temperature, Pressure, Flow, Velocity and Elevation Profiles
drop and this change in density is used to ad- data is required in order to develop an accu- for a Pipe Branch of a Pipeline Network
just the volume flow rate to properly account rate and complete model of a pipeline system
be available so that the analysts can make
for the mass flow rate. and its controls. The complete pipeline sys-
a proper selection of the boundary condi-
tem must include: Lengths, diameters, eleva-
Other special nodes include those elements tions, pipe material (e.g. Young Modulus), tions.
that represent scrubbers, filters, or large vol- manifolds, flow and pressure regulators, etc.
umes. Junctions, such as “Tees” or branch and all branches or connections. Details such Each of the valves that change resistance
lines, where flow to or from parallel compres- as volumes, lengths, and heat transfer sur- with the flow coefficient (Cv) as a func-
sors or other parts of a piping network are face areas, thermal coefficients, and ambient tion of stroke and stroke rate limits given.
combined or divided are simulated by special temperatures for pipeline, coolers, heaters,
nodes or elements with assumptions appro- scrubbers or filters. The rotational inertia of Not only should the normal operating con-
priate for pipe junctions. Heaters and coolers the compressor or pumps with their driver ditions be well defined with pressures and
are another set of special nodes in which the and the torque characteristic of the driver. The temperatures throughout the system but
gas temperature between the inlet and outlet normal and upset condition pressures, tem- the upset conditions should be completely
change and hence, the gas density and volume peratures, flows, and gas compositions. Com- defined with the initiating events and con-
change but not the mass flow rate. plete performance data for the compressors ditions fully described. Control system
(performance map) or pumps (performance logic and sequences, either a simple time
Features Influencing Accuracy curves) for normal and off design operating delay or a complex proportional opening
conditions. Boundary conditions such as con- based on some variables, must be provid- Figure 3
Several important features of any modeling stant suction flows or fixed delivery pressures ed in order to model the controllers. Once
program are controls or routines that adjust are required or sufficient information should cont’d next page cont’d next page
p. 6 GM Journal
 Journal

GM
Effective Pipeline Simulation Modeling cont’d
all of the necessary data is input to the model, event.
the program is compiled and the model of the
system is ready to simulate both steady opera- Fluid Batch Tracking
tions and transient upsets. A multi-product pipeline is used to transport
two or more different products in sequence in
Typical Applications the same pipeline. Therefore, there is no phys-
ical separation between the different products.
Liquids Drop-out Some mixing of adjacent products occurs,
Predictions of liquids drop-out in a gas pipe- producing an interface between the fluids.
line involve a detailed analysis of the pipe- This interface is removed from the pipeline at
line under normal and transient conditions. A receiving facilities and segregated to prevent
pipeline model for those types of prediction contamination. However, the proper determi-
should take into account heat transfer with the nation of the interface length and volume is
surroundings, changes in elevation, flow and critical from the operation and economical
pressure regulations points as well as diverse stand point. A simulation approach is often
operating conditions. Simulations of the sys- considered for a 1-D or 3-D analysis of the
tem operating under steady-state conditions mixing volume interface. Figure 3 illustrates
can provide velocity, temperature and pres- the velocity contours of a single fluid, which
sure profiles of every single pipe branch as were later applied in a mixing scenario to
in many applications including evaluation Figure 2.(above) Effect of ASV Modification
shown in Figure 1. evaluate interface length and volume. For the of liquid drop-out, centrifugal compressor on Transient Path of Compressor During
type of analysis, the Slightly Compressible surge control system design, pipeline design Emergency Shutdown Event.
There are several specific conditions that can Liquid (SCL) equation of state is most com-
for capacity limits and MAOP determination,
be identified with velocity, temperature and monly used, as it allows for batched tracking
and fluid to fluid interaction / contamination.
pressure profile data, in which condensate of fluids, blending, and definition of several
Simulation of a compressor station, refining
formation is most likely. Utilizing an equa- liquids with their respective percent composi-
operation or large transmission pipeline be-
tion of state and an initial gas composition, tion. Figure 3.(previous page) Velocity contours
fore proceeding with the detailed engineer-
the phase envelop of the gas transported is of flow in pipeline 90 deg elbows.
ing specifications is often more cost-effective
generated. Comparison of the pressure and Pipeline Capacity and Definition Operat-
than having to modify the system at a later
temperature results obtained from the pipe- ing Philosophies
time based on overlooked system issues. For
line simulation with the phase envelop data Detailed models of pumping facilities includ-
both new and existing pipeline systems, ac-
is used to determined if the gas flow is under ing fractionators plants, storage tanks, pumps,
curate modeling based on validated codes Figure 2.(below) Pipeline profile for Pres-
possible mixture conditions that could result valves and its main headers are generated to
and experienced modelers will help to avoid sure and Flow Evaluation as a Function of
in liquid drop condensation. In addition, low simulate hydrocarbon processing plants. In
significant costs in redesign for the operating Elevation and Distance from Pump.
velocity points can indicate possible locations addition, detailed interconnecting pipelines
company.
where the condensate liquids and solids may are incorporated for each pumping station as
accumulate in the piping system, resulting in well. Therefore, a representative model of the
caked solid deposits and liquids hold-up. entire process and its transporting pipeline
system is built, such as the system simulated
Centrifugal Compressors Surge Design in Figure 4 for a pipeline with changing eleva-
Transient simulations of centrifugal com- tion, flows and MAOP limits. Then this mod-
pressors are very helpful for validating or el is tuned and validated again real operating
designing existing or new recycle systems. conditions. Thus, critical scenarios could
Commercial codes provide a tool to model be simulated and analyzed further. Simula-
rapid trips of centrifugal compressors in order tion results include steady state and transient
to avoid energetic and potentially damaging events. Steady state conditions are used to
surge events. These simulations account for determine possible bottlenecks, determine the
the actions of recycle valves, control system pipeline capacity, validate MAOP values and
responses and the capacitance function of up- optimize the liquid forwarding process. While
stream and downstream piping. The simula- transient results provide guidance to improve
tions require modeling of small pipe sections, operating philosophies and to identify critical
very small time steps, and full details in terms operating conditions that should be avoided.
of compressor performance curves, recycle,
and other valve characteristics. Figure 2 illus- Conclusions
trates the effects of anti-surge valve changes Pipeline simulations have been utilized by as
on the transient performance of a centrifugal an optimization and design evaluation tool
compressor during an emergency shutdown

GM Journal p. 7
 Journal

GM
EFRC – The International Platform for Reciprocating Compressor Manufacturers
and Users - is heading for the 7th EFRC Conference in Florence
by Dr. Peter Steinrück, Member of the EFRC Research participating in the API 618 5th edition.
Board and Martina Frenz, Project Manager - Working Group for Improve- The working group is lobbying a merger
7th EFRC Conference ment of API 618 and ISO 13707. Quite recently
of International Standards the EFRC has developed a standard for al-
History - Working Group for Promo- lowable vibration levels for reciprocating
tion compressors. A guideline has been proposed
The EFRC was founded in June 1999 as a of “Recip”-Students and agreed. Hence the group has approached
communication platform to facilitate the in- Working Group for the ISO committee to integrate the outcome
terchange of information between European Pre-competitive Research in ISO 10816-6. The promising results had
users, manufacturers and scientists working Organizing joint research on been presented at the 6th EFRC Conference
in the field of reciprocating compressors. topics fundamental for the and can be download from EFRC’s website.
Since then its geographical reach has grown design and operation of recip-
from Central Europe to entire Europe and rocating compressors is one of Working Group for Promotion
recently to the US. The small crowd of 8 ini- the most prominent objectives of “Recip”-Students
tial members has grown to 32 in 2010. The The authors - Peter Steinrück and Martina Frenz of the EFRC. In order to fulfil engineering tasks inline
initiative was to build an association taking rocating compressor has turned into a reliable with manufacturing and operation of re-
on the spirit of the preceding German aca- machine not only being best in terms of effi- The combined knowledge and resources of ciprocating compressors, and operation of
demic venue “Kolbenkompressor-Kolloqui- ciency and flexibility but also meeting the re- - Universities reciprocating compressors, the market also
um” and transforming it into a vivid forum quirements of low maintenance costs and safe - Research Institutes needs well trained and motivated university
incorporating the principles of commercial operation. Trends in design and operation of - Compressor Manufacturers graduates. To meet this requirement, the co-
conferences as well as of an institution pro- reciprocating compressors will be presented, - Component Manufacturers operation between the industry and the edu-
moting the interest of compressor users and The EFRC acts as a “forum of ideas” provid- - Users cational institutions must be improved.
compressor industry. ing the opportunity to spread new ideas/or to are used to address research topics which
carry them out. The users in turn can take the are basic to the industry but are beyond the Practiced forms of cooperation are: jointly
Background opportunity to report on their experience with commercial interest of a single party. It is in-tutored theses for the diploma, special lec-
such machines and to request the industry for tended to address national and international tures by experts from the industry at univer-
The Forum has been formed with the back- solutions to problems. funds to support this work. sities, excursions, practical training, infor-
ground that the increasing demand for eco- mation on jobs for graduates. Throughout
nomic plant operation has led to a critical Improve the Image of Reciprocating Up to now the following subjects have been the years it turned out the EFRC’s students
discussion of the equipment as to selection, Compressors covered by EFRC’s joint R&D projects: tour, an excursion open to students of tech-
design, maintenance and automation. The The forum aims to show that reciprocating - Pulsation damper devices nical universities interested in reciprocating
well-known advantages of the reciprocating compressors meet all the requirements of - Failure diagnostics and failure design, is an excellent tool to initiate con-
compressors – high efficiency in many dif- modern machines and even create new pos- identification tacts between the industry and potential can-
ferent operating conditions, comparatively sibilities. In order to accomplish this goal - Separator efficiency in a pulsating didates for technical positions. Up to now
easy regulation possibilities, suitability for related Research & Development projects environment such tours have been completed six times
light gases, high compression ratios, and are to be presented, and a platform for joint - Effect of solid particles in compressors involving in total more than 120 students.
many more – have led to a renaissance of research shall be provided. - Rod load measurement
this type of machinery. Nevertheless there - Compressors for H2 refuelling stations The 6th workshop tour for students in May
are still many reservations concerning the The EFRC Conference - held about every - Effect of in-cylinder pulsations 2010, this time with excursion to companies
relatively complex mechanical design and second year - is an ideal platform to foster on valve dynamics and institutes in UK, again “generated” three
the prejudice that reciprocating compressors such exchange of information. - In-cylinder heat transfer winners who will be awarded prices such as
involve high maintenance costs and that they - Compressor noise cash, and free participation at the 7th EFRC
are not reliable enough. It is one of the most The previous EFRC Conferences held (1999 - Effect of cylinder flange misalignment Conference in Florence and the associated
prominent goals of the EFRC to overcome - Dresden; 2001- The Hague; 2003 - Vienna; on allowable nozzle loads Training Sessions.
such prejudices. 2005 - Antwerp; 2007 - Prague; and 2008 - Piston- and piston rod cooling
in Dusseldorf) have shown a considerable - Allowable vibration levels for
Goals of the Forum growing number of participants, counting reciprocating compressors 7th EFRC CONFERENCE: Why Recips are the
more than 380 attendees in each of the last Better Answer to Compression Problems
The goals of the Forum address the follow- conferences. This fact is even more remark- Working Group for Improvement
ing issues in particular: able as the conferences have been organized of International Standards This year’s conference will taper to its high-
by the members on a voluntarily basis. The task of this EFRC working group is, to light when for the first time at the end of a
Exchange of Information and Experience promote and further improve the ISO 13707 EFRC conference Dr. Peter Steinrück, Mem-
It is an essential goal of the Forum to create Working Groups so that it will become the world-wide ac- ber of the Board, will grant prices for the best
a platform where scientists and engineers cepted and specified document for recipro- three papers, and this right after the award
engaged in the development of reciprocat- These goals of the EFRC are supported by cating compressors in the oil and gas indus- ceremonies of the Students Workshop held
ing compressors are given the opportunity the activities of three working groups as tries. The respective EFRC working group by Dr. Siegmund Cierniak, Chairman of the
to present the state of the art, to show that, well: consisting of experts of end users and plant EFRC. After the key note speech from Gio-
because of progress in engineering, the recip- - Working Group for Pre-competitive operators, compressor manufacturers and como Rispoli, Research and Development
engineering companies, has been actively cont’d next page
p. 8 GM Journal
 Journal

GM
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7th FERC Conference headed to Florence, Italy cont’d

Senior Vice President from ENI, Rome, 36 and suppliers. This year’s topic of the train-
lecturers in total have to be evaluated which ing course will be the “Reliable Operation of
will unveil the latest trends in operation andReciprocating Compressors in Challenging
technologies for efficiency and reliability Conditions” such as operation in aggressive
improvements of reciprocating compressors. and corrosive gases, under extreme process
conditions and dynamic surroundings cov-
All presentations with contributions to the ering topics such as “Impact of Liquids and
eight different sessions: Dynamic Phenomena on Integrity” or in
- Operations “Valve Selection and Design under Harsh
- Condition Monitoring Conditions” Experts from R&D, institutes,
- Innovation & Technology compressor and component manufacturers
- Pulsation & Vibrations will share their in-depth know-how with par-
- Design & Engineering ticipants.
- EFRC R&D and Education
- Fundamentals Companies interested in promotions have
- Rings, Valves & Packings the opportunity to present themselves with
Florence Conference Center Palazzo Corsini
will give an answer to the question “Why Re- a booth at the exhibition area of the confer-
cips are the Better Answer to Compression ence center “Palazzo Congressi” which is an
Problems” – the focus of the 7th EFRC Con- integral part of the two-days-conference and/ mance range to an audience of almost 400 tions among all guests and contribute to fond
ference in Florence from Oct. 21 to 22, 2010. or to place advertisements in the conference participants from at least 22 countries. The memories of these social events as part of the
binder. Welcome Reception, this year sponsored by 7th EFRC Conference. For program details
Prior to the conference a half day Training GE Oil & Gas, as well as the Conference and online registration, visit:
Session is offered on Oct. 20 to young engi- EFRC members as well as other companies Gala Dinner in Palazzo Corsini - a venue sui http://www.recip.org
neers from operators, engineering companies use these opportunities to show their perfor- generis - will stimulate sparkling conversa-

GM Journal p. 9

environmental news, issues & ideas
Concern Varies on Environmental Issues in the U.S., Great Britain,
France, Italy, Spain, and Germany Since the Gulf of Mexico Oil Spill
NEW YORK/PRNewsire - A new Financial Times/
Harris Poll finds that the recent oil spill in the Gulf
of Mexico has caused adults in the five largest Euro-
pean countries and the United States to be more con-
cerned about certain environmental issues as well as
oil dependency. Two-thirds of Americans (66%), just
over three in five Spaniards (63%), three in five Ital-
ians (59%) and Germans (58%) and just under half of
French (48%) and British (45%) adults who are aware
of the oil spill say they are more concerned with the
issue of oil dependency. Only between 2% and 10%
of those aware of the spill in these countries are less
concerned about this issue, with the rest saying they
are no more or less concerned since the oil spill.
These are some of the findings of a Financial Times/
Harris Poll conducted online by Harris Interactive®
among 6,180 adults aged 16-64 within France (1,065),
Germany (1,002), Great Britain (1,107), Spain (1,005),
U.S. (1,001) and adults aged 18-64 in Italy (1,000) be-
tween July 20 and 29, 2010.
Looking at some environmental issues:
-- Strong majorities of those aware of the oil spill in
Germany (79%), Spain (75%), Italy (74%), the U.S.
(72%) and France (63%) are more concerned about
water pollution since the spill while just under half of
Britons (48%) say the same. Just under half of British
adults aware of the spill say they are no more or less
concerned;
-- Over three in five Germans (76%), Spaniards
(72%), Italians (71%), Americans (69%) and French
who are aware of the oil spill (62%) are more con-
cerned about wildlife and environmental conservation
since the spill in the Gulf;
-- Air pollution is not causing as much concern. While
three in five Spaniards (63%) and Italians (61%), as
well as half (49%) of French adults are more con-
cerned, while half of Americans (50%) and Germans
(49%) and almost two-thirds of British adults aware of
the oil spill (64%) are no more or less concerned about
air pollution since the spill occurred;
-- Like air pollution, climate change is not causing
more concern because of the oil spill. Three in five
Spaniards (61%) and half of Italians who are aware of
the oil spill (51%) are more concerned, while half of
Americans (52%) and French (51%) are no more or
less concerned. Two-thirds of British adults aware of
the spill (66%) are no more or less concerned while
p. 10 GM Journal
Journal
GM
Germans are divided with 46% being more concerned
and the same being no more or less concerned; and,
-- There is more concern over the issue of oil explo-
ration since the spill. Three in five Americans (62%),
Italians (62%), Germans (60%) and Spaniards (60%)
as well as just under half of French adults aware of
the oil spill (46%) are more concerned about this issue
since the spill. British adults are again slightly differ-
ent. While two in five who are aware of the spill (40%)
are more concerned, over half (52%) are no more or
less concerned.
The role of government
One thing there is agreement on in these six countries
is that oil companies should be more regulated. Over
seven in ten French (91%), Italians (90%), Spaniards
(90%), Germans (82%), Americans (77%) and Britons
(73%) who are aware of the oil spill agree oil com-
panies should be more regulated. Where there is less
consensus is the actual role the governments should
play with regard to these types of problems. Just under
half of Spaniards (49%) and Italians (46%) as well as
two in five Americans (43%) and Britons (43%) agree
that governments should clean up and repair environ-
mental damages caused by private businesses. How-
ever, half of French adults (51%) and over two in five
Germans (44%) disagree with this idea.
So What?
There is a sense of patriotism among Britons on these
matters, as Britons are consistently less likely to be
more concerned about the various environmental is-
sues since the oil spill in the Gulf of Mexico. But one
question remains regarding those more concerned
in the other countries: Will this sense of concern be
something that continues after the camera crews leave
the Gulf or will it dissipate as news teams move on to
the next crisis?
AJAX E-565 Eco-Friendly Natural Gas Engine
AJAX started in 1877 in Corry, Pennsylvania manufacturing a
12 hp steam drilling engine. In 1895 AJAX built its first gas en-
gine and by 1946, gas engine manufacturing became the primary
product for the AJAX business and their engines soon became the
oilfield standard. Mainly used in oil well pumping applications,
the AJAX engine is known throughout the oil patch as tough and
reliable. Cameron has updated the AJAX engine with the low
emissions E-565, which is designed to be environmentally friend-
ly while still providing the rugged dependability that customers
value.
The E-565 is a single cylinder, 2 cycle natural gas engine and is
rated to 40 hp (29.8 kW). Pumping units require smooth con-
tinuous power to minimize shock to the rod string. AJAX engines
have supplied such power in adverse climates and under continu-
ous load in oil fields all over the world. The AJAX E-565 provides
this service and meets current federal environmental regulations.
LONDON MANAGEMENT, INC. HAS DEVELOPED A PRE-COMBUS-
TION CO2 CAPTURE PROCESS
Patent Pending Process Saves 30-40% Energy over Convention-
al Process
LAS VEGAS, NEVADA (July 21, 2010) -- London Management,
Inc. has a US patent pending in the field of Pre-combustion CO2
Capture from a gas.
They have a developed a new process that results in a pure stream
of CO2 pressurized to supercritical pipeline pressure and a pres-
surized hydrogen gas stream, suitable for blending with nitrogen
and combusting in a gas turbine, used in a combined cycle process.
Company President Arnold Keller has developed this new CO2
capture process as the result of an extensive review and examina-
tion of the state of the art CO2 capture processes, commonly em-
ployed today, following coal/coke gasification, and CO-shift reac-
tion. Keller realized there was an opportunity to make significant
improvements not disclosed by larger competitors.
The new CO2 capture process will achieve significant cost reduc-
tion in both CAPEX and OPEX, compared to current state of the
art technology.
Preliminary design simulations of the new CO2 capture process
have identified over 30–40% savings in parasitic power consump-
tion of the total power needed for combined CO2 capture and
compression. The new process was compared to the DOE/NETL
benchmark publication regarding IGCC with carbon capture and
sequestration. {Ref: Cost and Performance Baseline for Fossil En-
ergy Plants - DOE/NETL 2007/1281. - Volume 1: Bituminous
Coal and Natural Gas to Electricity Final Report (Original Issue
Date, May 2007) Revision 1, August 2007}.

Cat® GCM34 Engines Chosen to Power Pipeline Expansion Project
Caterpillar Global Petroleum has been
awarded an order for a joint Enterprise
Products Partners L.P. and Duncan Energy
Partners L.P. natural gas pipeline project
in Louisiana, known as the “Haynesville
Extension.” Enerflex Energy Systems was
chosen to build the reciprocating gas com-
pression packages for the pipeline, and di-
rectly placed a purchase order with Caterpil-
lar for 9x Cat® G16CM34 gas compression
engines totaling 73,620 bhp.
The pipeline project extends the partner-
ships’ jointly owned, existing Acadian
natural gas pipeline system – a 1,000-mile
(1,600-kilometer) intrastate natural gas pipe-
line system in south Louisiana. This system
serves markets along the Mississippi River
between Baton Rouge and New Orleans,
including chemical / petrochemical indus-
tries, gas storage facilities, interstate pipe-
line connections, and provides shippers with
the ability to make physical deliveries to the
Henry Hub. The “Haynesville Extension”
project will serve as “takeaway” capacity for
the rapidly growing Haynesville Shale gas
serving Your reciprocating Compressor
Needs around the Globe.
NeUMaN & esser &
NeaC COMPressOr serVICe
Houston
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Come to see NeA GRoUP UsA At the tURbomAChiNeRy symPosiUm, booth # 1201
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Journal
GM
development in northwest Louisiana.
The GCM34 engine line, manufactured at
the Kiel Engine Center in Kiel, Germany,
is the industry’s most reliable and efficient
mid-speed gas engine, providing a remark-
ably low-cost solution per million cubic
feet of gas transmitted. Built on industry-
standard G3600 technology, the engine’s
ADEMTM A3 electronic control system is
the intelligence behind many of the perfor-
mance and efficiency benefits, providing
electronic ignition, precise engine response
to load variations, and critical system moni-
toring to optimize fuel efficiency and emis-
sion control.
“The “Haynesville Extension” project is very
important to Caterpillar, as it gives us the
opportunity to further expand our business
and relationship with this leading petroleum
customer,” explains Richard Barber, major
accounts manager for Caterpillar Global Pe-
troleum. “We believe that the GCM34 will
enable Enterprise to increase its fuel savings
and project efficiencies.”
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The current project design includes a pipe- ing the gathering, transportation, marketing
line up to 42 inches (1.06-meter) in diameter, and storage of natural gas, as well as the
270-miles (435-kilometers) long, and trans- transportation, fractionation, and storage of
portation capacity of 2.1 billion standard NGLs and petrochemicals.
cubic feet per day (Bscf/d). The pipeline in-
service date is September 2011, with the Cat
engines scheduled to arrive on site during
the third quarter of 2010.
Enterprise is the larg-
est publicly traded
energy partnership
and a leading North
American provider
of “midstream” en-
ergy services to pro-
ducers and consumers of
natural gas, natural gas
liquids (NGLs), crude oil,
refined products and petro-
chemicals. Enterprise owns
the general partner of Duncan Energy
Partners L.P., a publicly traded partnership
with assets in Texas, Louisiana, and New
Mexico. Duncan Energy provides a vari-
ety of midstream energy services, includ-
OEM supplier for former
reciprocating compressor lines of:
(recips built in Berlin
up to the end of 1995)
NeUMaN & esser GrOUP
▪ www.neuman-esser.com
09.08.2010 14:34:04
 October 4-6, 2010
Phoenix, AZ

One registration fee includes:

Short courses

Technical papers

Technology updates

Exhibit of new products and services

A year-long subscription to the GM Journal, a quarterly publication
dedicated to bringing you the latest news and industry information.

Information:
972-620-4024
www.gmrc.org

business briefs
Sage Energy Corp. Expands Services strengthens EN Engineering’s service offer-
with Acquisition of Gasfield Energy ings in software development, control system
Service, INC.
Calgary - To further expand their line of
gas compressors and products, Alberta-
based SAGE ENERGY CORP. has ac-
quired Gasfield Energy Service, INC. This
move allows SAGE to amass more service
trucks, open extra branches and supplement
its team of specialists with additional ex-
perts. As a result, the company will be able
to provide a thoroughly complete service
with expertise in natural gas engines, re-
ciprocating and screw compressors, refrig-
eration, instrumentation, and generator set
service, compressor package maintenance,
and overhaul capabilities. SAGE thus ex-
pects the acquisition will enable it to bet-
ter address the needs of its clients, particu-
larly the local Canadian producers SAGE is
committed to serving. It will also increase
SAGE’s competitive edge for obtaining
new business.
“The best thing about Gasfield is that its
such a great fit,” said Mike Crawford, Busi-
ness Development Manager at SAGE. “In
terms of geography, product focus and peo-
ple, we couldn’t be better matched.”
Gasfield is one of western Canada’s largest
horsepower service providers. The majority
of the company’s clients are based in south-
ern Alberta and southern Saskatchewan.
These are serviced from three branches
located in Calgary, Taber and Medicine
Hat. The acquisition gives SAGE 10 new
mechanical field service trucks and 5 new
instrumentation trucks, bringing SAGE’s
total service trucks to 28. Plus Gasfield
personnel are already seasoned experts at
troubleshooting, maintaining and overhaul-
ing oilfield pumps, instrumentation equip-
ment and all makes and models of engines
and compressors currently operating in the
industry.
EN Engineering Acquires Wheatland
Systems, Inc.
The engineering and consulting firm EN En-
gineering, LLC. has completed its acquisition
of Wheatland Systems, Inc., a company with
a 50 person professional staff specializing in
software development and control system in-
tegration for the natural gas, liquid pipeline,
electric and processing/manufacturing indus-
tries. The transaction closed on May 14, 2010.
Based in Lawrence, Kansas, Wheatland
GM Journal p. 13
Journal
GM
design, and commissioning. To customers of
Wheatland Systems, EN Engineering offers
an expanded range of engineering analysis
and design, and project management support
services.
“Wheatland’s capabilities and end markets
are highly complementary with those of EN
Engineering’s,” noted Joe Posewick, CEO of
EN Engineering. “This acquisition allows us
to offer a comprehensive range of automation
services with deeper and broader resources,
while providing new business opportunities
for both companies.”
Wheatland will operate as a separate EN En-
gineering business unit, working closely with
EN Engineering’s Automation & Electrical
Design group. Wheatland’s founder, David
Miles, will continue to oversee Wheatland’s
operations.
CenterPoint Energy Honored at Arkan-
sas Community Service Awards Event
Company recognized for humanitarian
work throughout the year
HOUSTON, Aug. 11 - CenterPoint Energy
(NYSE:CNP) recently received the Large
Corporate Humanitarian Award at the 33rd
Annual Arkansas Community Service
Awards ceremony.
The Arkansas Community Service Awards,
which are sponsored by KARK Channel 4,
the Duncan Law Firm, and presented in con-
junction with the Office of the Governor and
the Arkansas Department of Human Servic-
es, recognize individuals and businesses for
their dedication and commitment in support-
ing volunteerism throughout the state.
“This is a huge honor and I’d like to express
my sincere appreciation to all of our hard-
working and community-minded employees
in Arkansas,” said Walter Bryant, vice presi-
dent of Gas Operations in Arkansas. “I’m
very proud of them for making a difference
in the lives of so many in the communities
throughout the state in which we live and
work.”
Camp Aldersgate, a summer camp serving
children with medical, physical and devel-
opmental challenges, nominated Center-
Point Energy for the award. The company
sponsors a fishing derby at Camp Aldersgate
during the week of Spina Bifida Camp each
summer. During this week, CenterPoint En-
vised estimate for energy commodity prices
for 2010. Due primarily to the poor prospect
of economic growth in the second half of
the year, Tradition revised its crude forecast
from $71 per barrel to $75 while the natural
gas forecast was revised down from $5.25 to
$4.85.
The report highlights how the oil price has
been tightly correlated with strength in eq-
uity markets, which have consistently priced
in potentially better economic growth, de-
spite decidedly mixed economic data. The
rise in crude and refined products prices, in
particular, runs counter to the underlying
fundamentals of those markets.
Natural gas, on the other hand, has been the
one energy commodity most attuned to sup-
ply and demand. Increasing production from
shale gas plays throughout the country has
been more than sufficient to offset elevated
demand from power generators due to hot
Walter Bryant, vice president of Gas Operations in Ar-
summer temperatures throughout most of the
kansas; Debbie Jackson, operations support representa-
tive; and Chuck Renegar, district director accept the county, while industrial demand for natural
Large Corporate Humanitarian Award at the 33rd Annual gas continues to lag 2008 levels.
Arkansas Community Service Awards ceremony on
behalf of CenterPoint Energy. (PRNewsFoto/CenterPoint “Many factors have contributed to the re-
Energy, Inc.) vised estimates, including the European debt
crisis, lackluster manufacturing activity and
ergy employees help campers, many who are
consumer confidence in the U.S., and slow-
in wheelchairs, bait hooks, cast rods and reel ing GDP growth in China,” said Addison
in their catches.
Armstrong, Sr. Director, Market Research.
“As a result, energy prices slipped lower
CenterPoint Energy employees in Arkansas and then stagnated, unable to gain direction
also volunteer in a variety of other ways
as nearly all markets appeared to be over-
including walking in the March of Dimes’
supplied. Natural gas, despite a brief rally in
March for Babies, helping to staff a phone-
June, has been in a downtrend all year due
a-thon for the Arkansas Children’s Hospital,
to abundant supplies and increasing produc-
participating in Junior Achievement activi-
tion.”
ties, sponsoring Little Rock’s RiverFest, and
much more.
Pinnacle Gas Resources, Inc. Share-
holders Approve Agreement to be
Arkansas Community Service Awards judg- Acquired
es selected one finalist in the large corporate
category each month from June 2009 to May SHERIDAN, WY - Pinnacle Gas Resources,
2010. Prior to the awards ceremony, judges Inc. announced that a majority of its share-
evaluated each corporation’s contribution holders, including a majority of sharehold-
to the Arkansas community including the ers unaffiliated with DLJ Merchant Banking
percentage of employees involved in com- Partners III, L.P. or the Company’s chief ex-
munity service, the average yearly total of ecutive officer or chief financial officer, vot-
hours donated to the community, the total ed to approve the acquisition of Pinnacle by
monetary contribution to the community and Powder Holdings, LLC, an entity controlled
company policies encouraging volunteerism by Scotia Waterous (USA) Inc. in a cash
among employees.
transaction for $0.34 per share of common
stock. The number of votes cast for adop-
Tradition Energy 2nd Half 2010 En- tion of the merger agreement represented
ergy Price Forecasts; Crude Higher, approximately 72.6% of the aggregate vot-
Natural Gas Lower
ing power of the Company’s common stock
outstanding and entitled to vote.
STAMFORD, Conn., Aug. 11 /PRNews-
wire/ -- Tradition Energy has released its re- cont’d next page
 Journal

GM
Business Briefs, cont’d. people on the move
The company anticipates that the closing installation of lubrication systems for recip- Klaus designs and manufactures compressor Most recently, he was employed by Colo-
will occur during the third quarter, subject rocating compressors based in Midland, TX, valves and other components and has a very rado Energy Management as a Generation
to the satisfaction of customary closing con- U.S.A. strong regional presence through its sales Coordinator for the City of Vernon, Cali-
ditions and the receipt of waivers from the and support staff located in Sherwood Park, fornia. His working career also includes 15
Company’s lender, The Royal Bank of Scot- Since 1994, CCT has provided lubrication Calgary, and Grand Prairie. Services include years with North American Energy Services
land PLC. services to its customers and assisted them providing components for reciprocating (NAES), including positions in Jamaica,
in achieving improved reliability of the com- compressors; providing packaged solutions, Panama, Honduras, and Los Angeles.
In connection with the transaction, FBR pressor lubrication system. The addition of overhaul, repair, and customized machining
Capital Markets & Co. acted as financial ad- CCT’s lubrication and divider block systems for pumps and other rotating equipment; op- A veteran of the United States Marine Corps,
visor to the Special Committee. will expand and complement CPI’s existing timizing compressor and pump performance, Mr. Valdez holds an Associate in Science de-
product portfolio. and customer support for turnarounds, re- gree in Engineering Technology from San
Compressor Products International vamps, and other modifications. Diego City
Acquires Progressive Equipment, Inc. The influence of the lubrication system on College,
and Premier Lubrication Systems, Inc CPI’s core products makes this a unique and “Klaus and BETA have a strong reputation and a Bach-
synergistic combination. CPI has a long his- in Western Canada for technical support. elor of Sci-
Stafford, Texas - Compressor Products In- tory of being a leader in material technology Due to these synergies, Klaus is an ideal or- ence degree
ternational (CPI) is pleased to announce the for critical sealing components; this, com- ganization to represent BETA to the market- in Interna-
acquisitions of Progressive Equipment, Inc. bined with CCT’s lubrication technology, place and provide our customers with local tional Busi-
and Premier Lubrication Systems, Inc., in- will strengthen CPI’s position to further sup- support,” said Russ Barss, President of Beta ness Ad-
dustry leaders in the design and manufac- port compressor users. Machinery Analysis. ministration
ture of lubrication systems for reciprocating from the
compressors located in Houston, TX, U.S.A. CPI will operate the business as CPI Lubri- Larry Klaus, President of Klaus adds, “For University
cation – CC Technology out of its existing customers with rotating or reciprocating of Phoenix
Along with CPI’s core products, CPI will headquarters in Midland, TX, and will inte- compressors, our regional sales staff will be (Pasadena).
now provide the design and application of a grate it as part of the CPI global organiza- the primary contact point. By working with He speaks
full range of lubrication systems and com- tion. BETA’s engineers and technicians, we can five lan-
ponents. help provide the right solution, including guages.
“The acquisition of CCT reflects our com- remote or site troubleshooting, optimization, Rudy Valdez
“These acquisitions, together with the recent mitment to growth and development of a monitoring, or modifications.”
CC Technology acquisition, place CPI in a full range of technical products and services, Briggs & Stratton Corporation An-
position to provide a wide range of lubrica- each influencing the other, to offer a total so- altronic creates new post, hires nounces New Chairman and Election
tion products and services to fulfill custom- lutions package for our expanding customer Rudy Valdez of a New Director
er’s needs. These new additions to our com- base,” said Tony Gioffredi, president of CPI.
pany reaffirm our commitment to expand “Our ongoing initiative to increase our ca- Altronic, LLC is pleased to announce the MILWAUKEE - Briggs & Stratton Corpo-
our product and services portfolio to offer pabilities, both technically and operation- hiring of Mr. Rudy Valdez, who assumes the ration today announced that its Board of
complete solutions,” said Tony Gioffredi, ally, will give compressor operators a single newly-created post of GTI EPIC Field En- Directors has unanimously elected Todd J.
president of CPI. source to meet the demands for operational gineer. Mr. Valdez is responsible for world- Teske as Chairman of the Board and James
improvements and maintenance require- wide start-up and technical/sales support E. Humphrey as a director of the company
CPI will operate the business as CPI Lubri- ments.” for the Altronic-GTI Electronic Port Injec- effective upon conclusion of the 2010 annual
cation - Premier and Progressive Lubrication tion Control (EPIC) Bi-Fuel® System. The meeting of shareholders, which is currently
Systems and will integrate it as part of the Beta Machinery Analysis Appoints EPIC—currently undergoing development scheduled for October 2010. They succeed
CPI global organization. Bobby Spade will Klaus as Regional Sales Repre- and testing—uses innovative technology to John S. Shiely, who will be retiring as Chair-
remain with the new organization as director sentative enable medium- and slow-speed diesel en- man and a director at that time.
of operations for the existing facility. Rich- Improved compressor and pump optimiza- gines to operate using natural gas as a pri-
ard Carson, founder of Progressive Equip- tion support for Western Canada mary fuel source. Mr. Teske is currently President & CEO and
ment and Premier Lubrication Systems, will a director of the company. His new title will
retire. Calgary, Canada: August, 2010 – Beta Ma- Mr. Valdez is based in South Pasadena, Cali- be Chairman, President & CEO. Mr. Hum-
chinery Analysis (BETA) is pleased to an- fornia, and will travel extensively. His first phrey will serve as a member of the class
“We are looking forward to combining our nounce that Klaus Enterprises Ltd. (Klaus) assignment is to provide large diesel engine of directors whose terms of office expire
strengths with a rapidly growing organiza- has been appointed as its Technical Sales technical support for the first permanent in 2012, filling the vacancy created by Mr.
tion to enhance our capabilities in new mar- Representative for Western Canada. EPIC installation in Senegal. Shiely’s retirement. Mr. Humphrey is Chair-
kets,” said Spade. man and Chief Executive Officer of Ander-
BETA is a market leader providing engineer- Mr. Valdez brings more than 20 years of ex- sen Corporation, a privately owned business
Compressor Products International ing services for rotating and reciprocating perience in power plant operation, construc- that is North American’s largest window and
Acquires CC Technology machinery, such as vibration analysis, per- tion and commissioning, as well as extensive door manufacturer.
formance testing, troubleshooting, compres- hands-on experience with large, slow-speed
Stafford, Texas - Compressor Products In- sor/pump vibration studies, pulsation and diesel engines. He holds a Diesel Engineer’s
ternational (CPI) is pleased to announce the torsional analysis, foundation, and machin- license and a Steam Engineer’s license from
acquisition of CC Technology (CCT), an in- ery monitoring services. Our services are the state of California.
dustry leader in the design, manufacture and widely used by the petroleum, refinery, min-
ing, water treatment and paper industries.
p. 14 GM Journal
Southwest Research Institute
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n On-site field vibration and performance testing
n Transient surge analysis
n Large structures FEA
 Journal

GM
New Solutions for Old Challenges, cont’d.
gest that there is a growing recognition that ing energy technology for the last 50 years
something needs to be done and quite soon, by providing a forum for scientists and en-
that is also predicated, out of necessity, by gineers to exchange ideas and knowledge.”
a degree of caution in terms of determining said Dr. Brun in his opening keynote. “Over
which direction we’ll be heading. the years this open interaction between col-
leagues has helped making our gas turbines
GMJ: This issue of the GM Journal is dedi- more powerful, more efficient, and also
cated to “New Solutions for Old Challeng- cleaner. We strongly believe that adding
es.” In your opinion, what is the most excit- Wind Turbine and Steam Turbines will pro-
ing or innovative new clean air technology vide a similar boost to these technologies.”
being developed?
New technology tracks on solar energy and
VM: Although not fully proven in our in- fans & blowers will be added to next year’s
dustry, the ability to apply automotive-style Turbo Expo in Vancouver.
controls and diagnostics will be important on
a couple of levels. First, with the sophisti-
Also in his keynote, Dr. Brun addressed the
cation and complexity of the various clean
attendees directly: “Many of us here in this
air technologies it would be very beneficial
room are engineers and scientists who, day-
to have continuous parameter monitoring
to-day, develop technologies that utilize oil,
and automatic control in ways that a single
natural, gas and other hydrocarbon fuels in
operator cannot reliably provide. Secondly,
jet engines and power plants. Our challenge
as we transition new workers into the work-
- and our responsibility - (today) is to make
force the advent of more robust on-board di-
these scarce natural resources last longer and
agnostics will assist in smoothing the steep
to reduce their impact on the environment.
technical learning curves that they will face,
We can do this by being innovative and by
while at the same time complementing the
making our turbomachines more efficient Above: ASME 2010 Turbo Expo Opening Session
computer technology savvy that many new
and cleaner. But we must also look for alter-
tradespeople today possess. natives to current energy sources by explor- At right: Conference Chair Klaus Brun presents a
ing and improving new technologies wind, plaque to Executive Conference Chair
ASME Turbo Expo 2010, June 14-18, solar, and other non-conventional energy Graham Hopkins of Rolls-Royce.
Glasgow, Scotland resources.”

Attended by over 3000 experts from indus- The ASME Turbo Expo included over 120 Below: The 2010 Turbo Expo Exhibit Hall
try, academia and government from more exhibitors from all aspects of the turboma-
than 50 countries, the ASME Turbo Expo chinery industry. Photos by Wattie Cheung Photography, courtesy
is the premier technical turbomachinery of ASME International Gas Turbine Institute
conference in the world. The theme of this
year’s Turbo Expo was “Extending Limited
Natural Resources Through Energy Technol- The GMC Today
ogy Innovations.”
YOUR link to Industry Leaders
Dr. Klaus Brun, the 2010 Conference Chair-
man, commented that “When the Executive GMC Today - Published daily
Conference Chair, the Technical Program
Chair and I jointly came up with this theme during the Gas Machinery
last year we could not have imagined how Conference in Phoenix, AZ
relevant this subject would be in today’s October 4-6, 2010
news [referring to the Gulf of Mexico oil
spill] . . . Clearly, conventional natural re-
sources such as coal, oil, and natural gas are Publication Dates:
limited in this world. Their exploration and October 4th, 5th & 6th, 2010
production is very challenging, very costly,
and, as we are now realizing every day....
Editorial Deadline:
very, very risky.”
September 17, 2010
In addition to the traditional focus on gas tur-
bines, the conference added steam and wind Ad Deadlines:
turbine topics with more than 50 papers pre-
sented. Space: Sept. 17, 2010
Art: September 24, 2010
“IGTI has been on the forefront of advanc-

p. 16 GM Journal
 Journal

GM

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©2010 Caterpillar. All Rights Reserved. CAT, CATERPILLAR, their respective logos, “Caterpillar Yellow” and the “Power Edge” trade
GM Journal
dress, as well as corporate and product identity used herein, are trademarks of Caterpillar and may not be used without permission.
p. 17

u.s. Published patent abstracts
The following list includes abstract and bib-
liographic information for recently issued
U.S. patents. The inventions listed below
may also be the subject of one or more re-
lated foreign patent applications or patents.
More information concerning patents can be
found on the U.S. Patent and Trademark Of-
fice website: www.uspto.gov.
7,766,616 Issue Date: August 3, 2010
Turbine blade for a gas turbine, use of a turbine blade
and method for cooling a turbine blade
There is described a turbine blade of a gas turbine comprising a suc-
tion-side blade wall and a pressure-side blade wall that, in the trailing
edge area, runs toward the suction-side blade wall. This suction-side
blade wall has a trailing edge projection projecting over the end edge
of the pressure-side blade wall at least in a partial section of the trailing
edge area. A turbine blade of the aforementioned type is designed for
a particularly long serviceable life while requiring little cooling air. To
this end, the pressure-side surface of the trailing edge projection has
a number of trough-shaped recesses that increase the transfer of heat
from the trailing edge projection by a local swirling of the cooling air.
Inventors: Baldauf; Stefan, Handler; Michael, Lerner;
Christian
Assignee: Siemens Aktiengesellschaft
7,765,856 Issue Date: August 3, 2010
Monitoring of a flame existence and a flame temperature
A method for monitoring a flame in a combustion chamber comprising
a wall with an outer side is provided, wherein the radiation which is
emitted from a part of the outer side of the wall is optically detected by
a sensor. Furthermore, a burner is provided, especially for use in a gas
turbine. The burner comprises a wall section with an inner side, which
shows towards a combustion zone, and an outer side. The burner fur-
ther comprises a sensor for optically detecting the radiation emitted
from the outer side of said wall section.
Inventors: Wilbraham; Nigel
Assignee: Siemens Aktiengesellschaft
7,765,799 Issue Date: August 3, 2010
Two-stroke lean burn gas engine with a silencer/catalytic
converter
A low emissions 2-stroke natural gas fueled engine includes at least
one cylinder with an exhaust port in communication with a silencer/
catalytic converter unit. The unit has first and second volumes in com-
munication with each other. The first volume dampens spurious ex-
haust pressure excursions and removes particulates in the exhaust.
The second volume houses an oxidation catalyst for treating exhaust
to reduce exhaust emissions. The engine oil has at most 10 ppm zinc
content to reduce metal poisons contained in the exhaust prior to con-
tact with the oxidation catalyst. The engine oil preferably has a very low
ash content to minimize sulfur combustion components in the exhaust
to reduce masking of the oxidation catalyst. The first volume prefer-
ably has a pressure relief valve set to relieve at a pressure greater
than the maximum normal operating pressure of the engine to avoid
excessive pressure excursions of the engine exhaust from damaging
the oxidation catalyst.
Inventors: Chrisman; Bruce M., Hurley; Thomas J.
Assignee: Cameron International Corporation
7,765,795 Issue Date: August 3, 2010
NOx control using a neural network
A method of controlling engine NOx production is provided. The meth-
od may include determining a desired amount of NOx production for at
least one engine cylinder at a first time and determining at least one
engine operating parameter to produce the desired amount of NOx
using a feed-forward neural network.
Inventors: Driscoll; James J., Kesse; Mary L., Robel;
Wade J., Jayachandran; Amit
Assignee: Caterpillar Inc
p. 18 GM Journal
Journal
GM
7,762,521 Issue Date: July 27, 2010
Semi-active compressor valve
A method and system for fine-tuning the motion of suction or discharge
valves associated with cylinders of a reciprocating gas compressor,
such as the large compressors used for natural gas transmission. The
valve’s primary driving force is conventional, but the valve also uses an
electromagnetic coil to sense position of the plate (or other plugging
element) and to provide an opposing force prior to impact.
Inventors: Brun; Klaus, Gernentz; Ryan S.
Assignee: Southwest Research Institute
7,761,222 Issue Date: July 20, 2010
Fuel injector flow shift compensation in internal combus-
tion engine
A method of operating a fuel injected multi-cylinder internal combustion
engine includes establishing a flow shift compensation term by com-
paring a pre-flow shift value with a post-flow shift value. The pre-flow
shift value is indicative of a pre-flow shift fueling signal duration linked
with an engine test speed, and the post-flow shift value is indicative
of a post-flow shift fueling signal duration linked with the engine test
speed. The method further includes controlling an engine speed via
outputting fueling signals from a digital engine speed governor to a
plurality of fuel injectors of the internal combustion engine. The fuel-
ing signals have a fueling signal duration based at least in part on an
electronically stored fueling signal value and the flow shift compensa-
tion term a multi-cylinder internal combustion engine includes a control
system configured to control an engine speed via outputting fueling
signals having fueling signal durations based at least in part on elec-
tronically stored fueling signal values modified according to the flow
shift compensation term.
Inventors: Ruiz; Victoriano
Assignee: Caterpillar Inc
7,758,325 Issue Date: July 20, 2010
Compressor system and frame
A reciprocating compressor is provided. In one embodiment, the re-
ciprocating compressor includes a frame having a central body and
a crosshead guide extending from the central body. The compressor
may also include a crosshead disposed within the crosshead guide
and coupled to a crankshaft disposed within the central body of the
frame. Additionally, the compressor may include at least one support
structure extending from the crosshead guide to the central body, com-
prising an oblique support structure formed at an angle with respect to
the horizontal and vertical dimensions of the crosshead. Other embodi-
ments of compression systems, devices, and frames of such systems
are also provided.
Inventors: Kabir; Omar M., Mohamed; Zahroof, Merritt;
Aaron R., Pearl; Kent
Assignee: Cameron International Corporation
7,757,650 Issue Date: July 20, 2010
Gas engine and ignition device for a gas engine
The gas engine for burning a gaseous fuel-air mixture includes a
combustion chamber containing the gaseous fuel-air mixture, at least
one ignition device projecting into the combustion chamber to ignite
the gaseous fuel-air mixture and having a heating device serving as
an ignition source, and a mounting unit separating the heating device
from the fuel-air mixture to be ignited. The mounting unit includes a
heatable section in contact with the fuel-air mixture to be ignited, and
the heating device is designed to heat the heatable section in such a
way that the heatable section has a temperature required to ignite the
fuel-air mixture.
Inventors: Hanenkamp; Axel, Imkamp; Heribert
Assignee: MAN Diesel SE
7,757,549 Issue Date: July 20, 2010
Apparatus, system, and method for predictive control of
a turbocharger
An apparatus, system, and method are disclosed for predictive con-
trol of a turbocharger. The method includes interpreting a compressor
performance model for a turbocharger, and interpreting at least one
current operating parameter. The method further includes calculating
a performance margin, calculating a performance margin derivative,
and calculating a response value. The performance margin comprises
a choke margin or a surge margin according to the position of an op-
erating point in the compressor performance model. The performance
margin is implemented in a first sigmoid function, and the performance
margin derivative is implemented in a second sigmoid function. The
response value is determined by applying a MIN function to the output
of the product of the sigmoid functions in the choke margin case, and
by applying a MAX function to the product of the sigmoid functions in
the surge margin case.
Inventors: Andreae; Morgan, Dale; Adrian P., Matthews;
Jeffrey, Rankin; William A., Sujan; Vivek A.
Assignee: Cummins IP, Inc
7,743,753 Issue Date: June 29, 2010
Ignition system utilizing igniter and gas injector
An ignition system for use with an engine is disclosed. The ignition sys-
tem may have an igniter connected to selectively ignite a fuel mixture
within the engine, an injector located to inject a non-combustible gas
into the engine, and a controller in communication with the igniter and
the injector. The controller may be configured to energize the igniter
during a first mode of engine operation to ignite the fuel mixture, and
cease energizing the igniter during a second mode of engine opera-
tion. The controller may also be configured to actuate the injector dur-
ing the second mode of engine operation to promote auto-ignition of
the fuel mixture.
Inventors: Fiveland; Scott B., Anders; Jonathan William
Assignee: Caterpillar Inc
7,741,762 Issue Date: June 22, 2010
Dual-spark pre-chambered spark igniter
A dual-electrode spark igniter (spark plug), which has two electrodes
extending from the plug body. During a spark event, electricity flows
across a first spark gap from a first electrode to a second electrode.
Electricity also flows across a second spark gap from the second elec-
trode to ground.
Inventors: Alger, II; Terrence Francis, Mangold; Barrett Wade
Assignee: Southwest Research Institute
7,730,725 Issue Date: June 8, 2010
Splash plate dome assembly for a turbine engine
A splash plate dome assembly for a combustion liner of a turbine en-
gine is disclosed. The splash plate may include an outer periphery hav-
ing a plurality of corners and an inner periphery defining an aperture
and an annular flange. The splash plate may include a plurality of first
flow guides extending from the outer periphery to the inner periphery.
The splash plate may further include a plurality of second flow guides
extending from the outer periphery to a location intermediate the inner
periphery and the outer periphery. The splash plate, annular flange,
first flow guides, and second flow guides may be integrally formed by
casting. The splash plate may be mounted to a combustion dome hav-
ing a plurality of distributed through holes for forming impingement jets
on an upstream face of the splash plate.
Inventors: Faulder; Les, Abreu; Mario E., Srinivasan;
Ram, Lane; Michael A.
Assignee: Solar Turbines Inc.
7,721,543 Issue Date: May 25, 2010
System and method for cooling a combustion gas charge
The present invention relates to a system and method for cooling a
combustion gas charge prior. The combustion gas charge may include
compressed intake air, exhaust gas, or a mixture thereof. An evapora-
tor is provided that may then receive a relatively high temperature com-
bustion gas charge and discharge at a relatively lower temperature.
The evaporator may be configured to operate with refrigeration cycle
components and/or to receive a fluid below atmospheric pressure as
the phase-change cooling medium.
Inventors: Massey; Mary Cecelia, Boberg; Thomas Earl
Assignee: Southwest Research Institute
7,721,539 Issue Date: May 25, 2010
System for controlling engine fueling to limit engine out-
put power
A method for controlling fueling of an internal combustion engine is
provided. The engine may include an intake manifold, one or more
exhaust manifolds and a turbocharger coupled between the intake and
exhaust manifolds. The method may comprise estimating an operat-
ing condition of the turbocharger, determining a maximum value of an
operating parameter as a function of the estimated operating condition
of the turbocharger, measuring a value of the operating parameter, de-
termining an error value as a function of the maximum value of the first
operating parameter and the measured value of the operating param-
eter, and limiting fuel supplied to the engine based on the error value.
Inventors: Reynolds; David J., Schwab; Zachary, Gut-
man; Ralph
Assignee: Cummins Inc.
7,712,685 Issue Date: May 11, 2010
Device for fuel injection rate shaping
The present invention relates to fuel injection in internal combustion
engines and to fuel rate shaping. Especially, the invention relates to
combustion engines utilizing heavy fuel oil as a fuel. In the body of
the device there is arranged a chamber, in which a movable piston is
arranged dividing the chamber into a first main volume and a second
main volume, the volumes of which depend upon the position of the
piston. Moreover, the device comprises at least one auxiliary volume,
which can be united with the main volumes. The auxiliary volume can
be filled with the fuel entering the device through the first main volume
by utilizing the piston motion. By establishing a connection from the
auxiliary volume to the second main volume a fuel flow to the second
main volume is allowed.
Inventors: Lehtonen; Kai
Assignee: Wartsila Finland Oy
7,712,299 Issue Date: May 11, 2010
Anti-bogdown control system for turbine/compressor
systems
An anti-bogdown control system monitors and regulates operation of
a turbine and a compressor to prevent underspeed trip of the turbine
while avoiding surge of the compressor. A turbine speed controller re-
ceives a turbine speed signal and a turbine temperature signal, gener-
ates a surge margin setpoint, and regulates overfiring of the turbine. A
surge margin controller associated with the compressor receives the
surge margin setpoint from the turbine speed controller and receives
a load signal from one or more sensors and modulates a compressor
throttle valve so that the compressor operates at a surge margin that is
approximately equal to the surge margin setpoint. In a system with mul-
tiple compressors driven by a single turbine, a surge margin controller
is associated with each compressor.
Inventors: Wolflick; John R., Evans; Megan V., Valappil;
Jaleel, Martinez; Bobby D., Bellomy; Marc
Assignee: ConocoPhillips Company
7,707,977 Issue Date: May 4, 2010
Variable valve performance detection strategy for inter-
nal combustion engine
A method for operating a multi-cylinder internal combustion engine in-
cludes varying the opening or closing of engine valves including intake
or exhaust valves, in fluid communication with each of the cylinders of
the engine. The method further includes generating a signal indica-
tive of engine valve status in response to monitoring an acceleration
parameter of the engine. An engine includes a computer configured to
determine a performance status of intake or exhaust valves of the en-
gine responsive to monitoring an engine acceleration parameter such
as crankshaft acceleration. The computer is configured via fault detec-
tion and cylinder trimming routines to adjust valve performance based
on a nominal crankshaft acceleration for the engine.
Inventors: Mutti; James H., Dea; Kevin L., Gadbois; John A.
Assignee: Caterpillar Inc.
Patent information provided by
Randall W. Schwartz,
Hovey Williams LLP
10801 Mastin Blvd, Suite 1000
84 Corporate Woods
Overland Park, KS 66210
T 913.647.9050 | F 913.647.9057
http://www.hoveywilliams.com/
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