Ms. Dung IELTS (08888 31299)_Pre-training National Team This paper belongs to: …………………………. Score: ….

PRACTICE 2 - 08/26/2020
I. Listening
Part 1. For questions 1-5, listen to a conversation about Students’ Union survey and answer the questions. Write NO
MORE THAN THREE WORDS AND/OR A NUMBER taken from the recording for each answer.
1. What is the Students’ Union planning to produce? _______________
2. What is the student’s favorite food? _______________
3. What is his least favorite food? _______________
4. How many eggs does he eat a week? _______________
5. What’s his opinion of organic food? _______________
Part 2. For questions 6 - 10, listen to a report on five key global issues. What the speaker say about each of the issues?
Choose five answers from the box and write the correct letter, A-J, in the corresponding numbered boxes provided.
Global issues
6. China’s internment camps
7. Rohingya crisis
8. South Sudan’s civil war
9. Conflict in Yemen
10. U.S. family separation

A. Under a new zero-tolerance policy, children were forced to work in cages.

B. Clashes between forces within a newly-formed country cause heavy death toll and looming starvation.
C. The authority is reportedly detaining populations of an ethnic group in a bid to re-educate them.
D. A peace agreement was signed, ending years of civil war.
E. An inhumane policy faced immense public opposition and political pressure.
F. World powers help to resolve a civil conflict by backing Saudi Arabia’s campaign.
G. Military forces commit atrocities against a minority group, resulting in mass migration.
H. The government attacks a religious minority group in an effort to crack down on freedom of speech.
I. Some countries place travel restrictions on civilians to prevent them from fleeing across borders.
J. A civil conflict broke out, followed by military intervention from neighboring countries.

Part 3. For questions 11-15, listen to an interview with someone who reviews hotels and choose the correct answer A, B,
C, or D which fits best according to what your hear.
11. What does Paddy say about some readers of her column?
A. They suspect that she enjoys criticizing hotels.
B. Her attitude to hotels has changed because of their response.
C. Her comments match their experiences of hotels.
D. They prefer reading about hotels they would not want to visit.
12. What does Paddy say about some hotel-keepers?
A. They sometimes have to force themselves to have a sense of humor.
B. They would be more suited to a different profession.
C. They expect to receive negative comments about their hotels.
D. They are surprised that they become friends of hers.
13. Paddy says that some hotel-keepers she has contacted about the book have
A. realized that she does not really have an assistant called Emily.
B. corrected inaccuracies that were in her review of their hotels..
C. responded favorably despite criticism she had made.
D. made her wonder whether her reviews of their hotels were unfair.
14. Paddy says that one hotel-keeper she spoke to told her that
A. other people are unlikely to be treated in the same way in hotels as she is.
B. he was unwilling to discuss some of the comments in her review.
C. her reviews did not have much influence as she believed.
D. he no longer wanted his hotel to appear in the book.
15. The same owner also told her that
A. he had passed information about her to other hotels.
B. he resented her description of him in her review.
C. he did not understand why she wanted to put his hotel in her book.
D. there was nothing distinctive about her physical appearance.
Part 4. For questions 16-25, listen to a report on a scandal in education and supply the blanks with the missing
information. Write NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS taken from the recording for each answer in the space provided.

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Ms. Dung IELTS (08888 31299)_Pre-training National Team This paper belongs to: …………………………. Score: ….

 At least 50 people, including wealthy parents, college sports coaches and administrators have been charged with
participating in (16)_________________ to influence undergraduate admissions decisions at several top American
universities. The scheme involved cheating on standardized tests. Some of their children were admitted to (17)
_______________ by bribing coaches.
 U.S. Attorney Andrew Lelling called this the largest (18)_________________ ever prosecuted by the Justice
Department.
 Parents are reported to have paid more than $25 million to Rick Singer, who orchestrated the whole scheme.
Singer's foundation (19) ________________ to be a charitable organization but was actually a front Singer used to
launder the illegal money.
 Fabrication of sports credentials was carried out in different ways. Bribed coaches labelled certain applicants as
(20)_________________, which gave their applications an advantage. In many instances, Singer helped parents take
(21)_________________ of their children engaged in particular sports. In other cases, he helped them use stock photos
pulled from the Internet, photoshopping the faces of applicants onto the bodies of athletes. Their actions were, without
a doubt, (22)_________________, selfish and shameful.
 None of the schools named in the (23) _______________ are under investigation for fraud. The U.S. attorney's
office says college admissions officers were tricked. College admissions counselors believe (24)_________________
are the main sufferers of the fraud. The institutions involved in the scandal took steps to punish the offenders, with
Stanford’s (25)_________________ being dismissed.

II. LEXICO-GRAMMAR
Part 1. For questions 26 – 40, choose the correct answer (A, B, C or D) to each of the following questions.
26. You can buy goods on the Internet with a credit card, but there is a danger of ______ if someone else obtains the
number.
A. corruption B. fraud C. embezzlement D. disruption
27. The party was already ______ by the time we arrived. Everyone was singing and dancing.
A. in full swing B. up in the air C. in the red D. under a cloud
28. Parents know that a caring attitude can not only save you a small fortune, but also even make you feel good about being
______ and offering more care than presents.
A. tight-fisted B. pigheaded C. highly strung D. easy-going
29. He ______ at the last minute and withdrew from the competition.
A. put his foot down B. got up his nose
C. couldn’t keep a straight face D. got cold feet
30. As he accepted the award, his voice ______ with emotion.
A. quivered B. flinched C. cringed D. winced
31. The princess's nanny's autobiography really gives the ______ on life among the royals.
A. show-off B. know-how C. low-down D. look-out
32. No teenager really knows what ______ for them career-wise in the future.
A. knuckles down B. lies ahead C. whiles away D. crops up
33. I’m afraid Tim doesn’t take much care over his homework. He usually does it _______.
A. any old how B. any how C. how on earth D. how come
34. The actors gave a very ______ performance, and the critics expressed their disapproval in their reports the following
day.
A. pie-in-the-sky B. run-of-the-mill C. good-for-nothing D. behind-the-scene
35. I waited eagerly to jot down the Freefone number that is given at the bottom of the screen during the broadcasting of
the _______ but it never appeared.
A. slogan B. spam C. mailshot D. infomercial
36. I know we're told to shuck our routines and live spontaneously, but I’m _______ - it’s just easier when you know
exactly how each day will pan out.
A. a nasty piece of work B. a creature of habit C. a soft touch D. clock-watcher
37. One of the organization’s aims is to ______ information about the disease so that more people know about its
symptoms.
A. disentangle B. deride C. dwindle D. disseminate
38. ______, Americans eat a light breakfast. They usually don’t eat a lot of food in the morning.
A. By and large B. Fair and square C. Ins and outs D. Odds and ends
39. When his parents are away, his eldest brother _______.
A. knocks it off B. calls the shots C. draws the line D. is in the same boat
40. In his ______ days he was quite dandy.
A. salad B. green C. fruit D. vegetable
41. Choose the best SYNONYM for the word underlined in the following sentence.
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Ms. Dung IELTS (08888 31299)_Pre-training National Team This paper belongs to: …………………………. Score: ….

She put forward some cogent reasons for abandoning the plans.
A. tentative B. forced C. convincing D. truculent
42. Choose the best SYNONYM for the word underlined in the following sentence.
His links with the organization turned out to be, at best, tenuous.
A. salubrious B. lengthy C. delicate D. significant
43. Choose the best SYNONYM for the word underlined in the following sentence.
Are you overwhelmed by their munificence?
A. principality B. charisma C. malediction D. generosity
44. Choose the best ANTONYM for the word underlined in the following sentence:
I don’t doubt the veracity of your report.
A. prevarication B. comprehension C. dictation D. authenticity
45. Choose the best ANTONYM for the word underlined in the following sentence:
Ten people voted in favor, five against and two abstained.
A. indulged B. disgraced C. dismissed D. repelled

Part 2. For questions 46 – 55, read the text below and write the correct form of each bracketed word. There is an
example at the beginning (0).
IN GOOD VOICE
There is little to (0. AGREE) ______________ about in the notion that a good voice, whether in opera or rock
music, is one which moves its audience and brings a sense of release and fulfillment to the singer. But contemporary pop
and rock music have come about due to (46. SUBSTANCE)_______________ advances in technology. Here, the impact of
the microphone should not be (47. ESTIMATE)_______________, as it has (48. ABLE) _______________ the
magnification of quiet, intimate sounds. This, in turn, allows, the singer to experiment with the (49.
EMPHATIC)_______________ on mood rather than on strict (50. ADHERE) _______________ to proper breathing and
voice control.
Donna Soto–Morettin, a rock and jazz vocal trainer, feels that (51. ANATOMY) _______________ reasons may
account for the raspy sound produced by certain rock singers. Her (52. SUSPECT)_______________ is that swollen vocal
chords, which do not close properly, may allow singers to produce deeper notes. She does not, however, regard this as
detracting (53. NOTICE) _______________ from the value of the sound produced. Singing, she maintains, has an almost
(54. SEDUCE)_______________ quality and so our response to it has more (55. SIGNIFY) _______________ than its
technical qualities.
Example: (0) DISAGREE

Part 3. For questions 56 – 65, complete the following sentences with a phrasal verb and a suitable particle from the list
given. Put the verbs in the correct form.
Verbs: back bargain bear come drop
fall go hang keep look
Particles: about down for into off
on onto out off up
56. The witness’s evidence ________________ what Peter had said.
57. When David started speaking everyone ________________ laughing.
58. Unfortunately, my plan didn’t quite ________________.
59. Last night I ________________ at 11.30 until this morning.
60. At first Tim insisted he was right, but then began to ________________.
61. When I took over the business I got more than ________________.
62. The manager promised to ________________ the matter.
63. ________________ the tickets, we’ll need them later.
64. The team couldn’t ________________ the pressure in the second half.
65. Something odd is ________________ behind my back.

III. READING
Part 1. For questions 66 – 75, read the text below and fill each of numbered blanks with ONE suitable word.
ADVERTISING
Each and (0) EVERY day we see hundreds of advertising images. (66)____________ other kind of image
confronts us with anything like the same frequency. Never in history has there been such a concentration of visual
messages. The brain cannot help (67)____________ take these messages in, and for a moment they stimulate the
imagination (68)____________ virtue of their appeal to memory or expectation.
Advertising is usually justified as a competitive medium of benefit (69)____________ the public and efficient
manufactures. (70)____________ it may be true that, in advertising, one particular brand competes against another, it is
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also just (71)____________ true that such publicity images confirm and enhance others. That there are choices to be made
(72)____________ without saying but, ultimately, advertising as a system makes a single proposal - namely that we
transform ourselves, or our lives, by buying something more. We are led to believe that, by (73)____________ doing, we
will in one way or another become richer - but in fact we will become poor, (74)____________ spent our money.
Advertising shows us people who have apparently been transformed into a new state and are, as a result, enviable.
The state of being envied is (75)____________ constitutes glamour. And advertising is in the business of manufacturing
glamour.
Part 2. For questions 76 - 86, read the following passage and do the tasks that follow.
THE WATER CRISIS
Greater efficiency in water use is needed to meet the growing demands of a changing world
A
Per capita water usage has been on an upward trend for many years. As countries industrialise and their citizens become
more prosperous, their individual water usage increases rapidly. Annual per capita water withdrawals in the USA, for
example, are about 1,700 cubic metres, four times the level in China and fifty times the level in Ethiopia. In the 21st
century, the world's limited supply of renewable fresh water is having to meet demands of both larger total population and
increased per capita consumption. The only practicable ways to resolve this problem in the longer term are economic
pricing in conjunction with conservation measures.
B
Agriculture consumes about 70% of the world's fresh water, so improvements in irrigation can make the greatest impact. At
present, average efficiency in the use of irrigated water in agriculture may be as low as 50%. Simple changes could
improve the rate substantially, though it is unrealistic to expect very high levels of water-use efficiency in many developing
countries, faced as they are with a chronic lack of capital and a largely untrained rural workforce. After agriculture,
industry is the second biggest user of water and, in terms of value added per litre used, is sixty times more productive than
agriculture. However, some industrial processes use vast amounts of water. For example, production of 1 kg of aluminum
might require 1,500 litres of water. Paper production too is often very water-intensive. Though new processes have greatly
reduced consumption, there is still plenty of room for big savings in industrial uses of water.
C
In rich countries, water consumption has gradually been slowed down by price increases and the use of modern technology
and recycling. In the USA, industrial production has risen fourfold since 1950, while water consumption has fallen by more
than a third. Japan and Germany have similarly improved their use of water in manufacturing processes. Japanese industry,
for example, now recycles more than 75% of process water. However, industrial water consumption is continuing to
increase sharply in developing countries. With domestic and agricultural demands also increasing, the capacity of water
supply systems is under growing strain.
D
Many experts believe that the best way to counter this trend is to impose water charges based on the real cost of supplies.
This would provide a powerful incentive for consumers to introduce water-saving processes and recycling. Few
governments charge realistic prices for water, especially to farmers. Even in rich California, farmers get water for less than
a tenth of the cost of supply. In many developing countries there is virtually no charge for irrigation water, while energy
prices are heavily subsidised too (which means that farmers can afford to run water pumps day and night). Water, which
was once regarded as a free gift from heaven, is becoming a commodity which must be bought and sold on the open market
just like oil. In the oil industry, the price increases which hit the market in the 1970s, coupled with concerns that supplies
were running low, led to new energy conservation measures all over the world. It was realised that investing in new sources
was a far more costly option than improving efficiency of use. A similar emphasis on conservation will be the best and
cheapest option for bridging the gap between water supply and demand.
E
One way to cut back on water consumption is simply to prevent leaks. It is estimated that in some of the biggest cities of
the Third World, more than half of the water entering the system is lost through leaks in pipes, dripping taps and broken
installations. Even in the UK, losses were estimated at 25% in the early 1990s because of the failure to maintain the
antiquated water supply infrastructure. In addition, huge quantities of water are consumed because used water from sewage
pipes, storm drains and factories is merely flushed away and discharged into rivers or the sea. The modern approach,
however, is to see used water as a resource which can be put to good use – either in irrigation or, after careful treatment, as
recycled domestic water. Israel, for instance, has spent heavily on used water treatment. Soon, treated, recycled water will
account for most farm irrigation there. There are other examples in cities such as St Petersburg, Florida, where all
municipal water is recycled back into domestic systems.
F
Another way of conserving water resources involves better management of the environment generally. Interference with
the ecosystem can have a severe effect on both local rainfall patterns and water run-off. Forest clearings associated with
India's Kabini dam project reduced local rainfall by 25%, a phenomenon observed in various other parts of the world where
large-scale deforestation has taken place. Grass and other vegetation acts as a sponge which absorbs rainfall both in the
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plants and in the ground. Removal of the vegetation means that rainfall runs off the top of the land, accelerating erosion
instead of being gradually fed into the soil to renew ground water.
G
Global warming is bound to affect rainfall patterns, though there is considerable disagreement about its precise effects. But
it is likely that, as sea levels rise, countries in low-lying coastal areas will be hit by seawater penetration of ground water.
Other countries will experience changes in rainfall which could have a major impact on agricultural yield – either for better
or for worse. In broad terms, it is thought that rainfall zones will shift northwards, adding to the water deficit in Africa, the
Middle East and the Mediterranean – a grim prospect indeed.
Questions 76 - 80:
Do the following statements agree with the views of the writer in the Reading Passage? Write:
YES if the statement agrees with the views of the writer
NO if the statement contradicts the views of the writer
NOT GIVEN if it is impossible to say what the writer thinks about this
76. Water-use efficiency in many developing countries is not so high as the labour in the countryside is insufficient.
77. Aluminum production is more water-intensive than paper production.
78. Some countries have already succeeded with their water-saving approaches.
79. The capacity of water supply systems in developing countries can’t meet the demand of water in industrial, domestic
and agricultural sectors.
80. Preserving water is actually interrelated to other natural resources.

Questions 81 - 86: Complete the following summary. Choose NO MORE THAN TWO WORDS from the passage for
each answer. Write your answers in the corresponding numbered boxes provided.
Individual water usage is rising dramatically as people living in industrialised countries become
increasingly (81)___________ . As well as increased consumption per capita, the growing demand for fresh water is due
to a bigger global (82)___________ than in the past. The only way to control this increase in demand is to charge high
prices for water while also promoting conservation measures. Improvements in irrigation systems and industrial processes
could dramatically increase the efficiency of water use. There are examples of industries in some rich countries that have
reduced their consumption rates through price increases, the application of (83)___________ and recycling. But in
agricultural and domestic sectors, the price of water is still subsidised so it is not regarded as a commodity that people need
to pay a realistic price for.
Other ways of protecting supplies are to reduce water loss resulting from (84)___________ in the supply systems
and to find ways of utilising used water. Longer term measures, such as improved environmental (85)___________ would
protect the ecosystem and ensure the replenishment of ground water for future generations. Without such measures, future
supplies are uncertain, especially when global warming is expected to interfere with rainfall patterns and to worsen
the (86)___________ already suffered by many countries today.

Part 3. In the passage below, six paragraphs have been removed. For questions 87 - 92, read the passage and choose
from the paragraphs A-H the one which fits each gap. There is ONE extra paragraph which you do not need to use.
Write your answers in the corresponding numbered boxes provided.
A CONSUMING ADDICTION
Shopping used to be nothing more than a way of obtaining food, clothing and other necessities of life. Today, however,
shopping symbolises the materialistic culture of western society and its popularity as a leisure activity reflects the rise of
consumerism.
87.______
Having more money has meant spending patterns have changed. While traditional models of economic behaviour assume
that consumers are rational and weigh up the costs and benefits before making a purchase, anyone who has ever walked
into a shop and left five minutes later with a new jacket and £80 less in their wallet knows that this theory does not always
hold true.
88.______
Her research on consumer behaviour identified impulsive buying as an attempt by shoppers to bolster their self-image,
particularly for those who suffered from so-called compulsive buying or shopping addiction, a condition that affects 2 to 5
per cent of adults in the West. The three-year study compared excessive buyers to a similar group of ordinary consumers.
Excessive shoppers were more materialistic and believed that buying goods was a pathway to success, happiness and
identity. "Excessive buying is a coping strategy to fill the gaps between how shoppers feel about themselves and the person
they want to be," Dr. Dittmar said.
89._____
Her research also reveals that certain types of goods are more likely to be bought on impulse than others. Those most
frequently reported - clothes, jewellery, ornaments - are closely related to self-image and appearance. This finding is

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Ms. Dung IELTS (08888 31299)_Pre-training National Team This paper belongs to: …………………………. Score: ….

contrary to usual theories about impulse shopping, which explain it as a short-term gratification winning out over longer-
term concerns such as debt.
90._____
In other words, shoppers were more willing to wait for "low impulse" goods such as kitchenware, than they were for
clothes or other "high impulse" items. However, it was found that some of the 60 consumers asked to maintain a shopping
diary for the study often regretted their impulsive purchases. Dr. Dittmar said, "When people had explicitly bought for self-
image reasons, regret was more likely to occur."
91._____
The conclusions drawn by Dr. Dittmar about the treatment of compulsive shoppers are that prescribing anti-depressant
drugs might solve the problem but only as long as sufferers continue to take them. Instead, they needed therapeutic help to
address the underlying causes such as poor self-image.
92._____
―In no sense do these people directly force anyone to buy anything. But they are very sophisticated, making advertisements
and shopping environments very seductive and playing on the idea that if you buy product X you will be much more
attractive.‖

The missing paragraphs:

A. Dr. Dittmar said that the idea that consumers' impulsiveness differed, depending on the type of goods, was also
supported by the finding that shoppers were less willing to delay gratification for items bought on impulse.
B. But there are pitfalls, such as debt and addiction to buying. Addicts shop for shopping's sake rather than to buy what
they need.
C. Helga Dittmar, senior lecturer in psychology at Sussex University, has found that consumer goods are the material
symbols of who a person is and who they would like to be.
D. Her research also raises questions over the methods used to attract shoppers and encourage them to buy. Although
advertisers and retailers increasingly appeal to consumers' self-image, Dr. Dittmar said it was very difficult to argue that
these factors were responsible for compulsive shopping.
E. Although there were other ways of dealing with poor self-image, such as over-exercising or alcoholism, she said that
shopping had become one of the most important strategies. This was especially true for women, who were three times more
likely to be compulsive shoppers than men, as shopping was a socially approved activity, and allowed those who do not go
out to work to get out of the house, Dr. Dittmar said.
F. But this finding was ambiguous because shopping addicts were more motivated by self-image than ordinary shoppers
and were more likely to regret their actions. "It's not quite clear which way round this relationship goes, but there is a link
between being very concerned with self-image goods and regretting impulse buying."
G. This has been made possible by the 75 per cent increase in disposable income in the past 20 years. The number of credit
cards in use has more than quadrupled, and the amount of outstanding consumer debt has almost tripled in the same period.

Part 4. For questions 93 - 102, read and choose the answer A, B, C or D which you think fits best according to the text.
Write your answers in the corresponding numbered boxes provided.
Genetically Modified Foods
When a genetically modified organism (GMO) is created, a target organism is given DNA from some other living
thing, usually of an unrelated species. The goal is to confer upon the target organism certain traits of the donor organism.
This, of course, makes GMOs inherently "unnatural" in that they have a genetic makeup impossible to attain without
deliberate intervention. This places a human being, the genetic scientist, in a creative position that many people consider
improper, either because they believe such power over living things belongs only to a divine being, or because they do not
trust science to avoid making terrible mistakes. Perhaps the greatest fear is that some odd, artificial combination of traits
will produce a sort of monster—an unstoppable disease bacterium, for example, or a hyper-aggressive and venomous
spider—that would then reproduce in abundance and cause an environmental disaster. Not far down the list is the fear that
some GMOs meant to be eaten, such as genetically modified (GM) beef cattle, vegetables, or other crops, will prove toxic.
These fears have formed the foundation of some serious, and sometimes effective, opposition to GM food
technology and its products. Much of this opposition comes from environmental activists, particularly in Europe.
Originally, research on GM foods was undertaken partly for ecological reasons—to lessen the environmental hazards of
conventional farming, particularly from the use of chemical pesticides. By splicing pest-resistance into the DNA of a food
crop, it was reasoned, agricultural scientists could help lessen the buildup of harmful chemicals in the soil, water, and food
chain. Nonetheless, environmentalists in the late 1990s rushed to oppose bioengineered crops after a British scientist, Dr.
Arpad Pusztai, raised concerns that GM food might have been responsible for immune-system problems in some laboratory
rats. This coincided with a vigorous push by a huge US supplier of seeds and other agricultural products to market GM
varieties of soybeans. A great controversy arose, with conflicting research claims leaving the issue unsettled. In 1998, the
European Union (EU) imposed a 5-year moratorium on genetically modified food.

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Ms. Dung IELTS (08888 31299)_Pre-training National Team This paper belongs to: …………………………. Score: ….

Companies significantly engaged in the GM food market were under a great deal of pressure at the turn of the
millennium, not only from environmentalists and consumer advocacy groups, but also from shareholders.  A) They were
worried that risks and uncertainties associated with GM food might adversely affect the value of the shares they held.  B)
One big worry was that the companies could face ruinous liability lawsuits if a GM product with which they were involved
was shown to cause health problems.  C) These shareholder groups placed resolutions on company meeting agendas in
such market sectors as cereals, fast-food restaurants, soft drinks, and food retailing to limit corporate risk in several ways.
Some resolutions urged a moratorium on the purchase of GM food until research could better establish its safety. Others
concentrated on demands for labeling that would let consumers know what, if any, GM components a product contained. 
D)
In most markets, prospects for the acceptance of GM food as safe and practical brightened in the first years of the
new century. The EU moratorium on GM food was partially lifted in 2003, as a vast majority of GM research to that date
showed no evidence of ill effects from GM food in the Americas (where no ban was in place). The World Trade
Organization ruled in 2006 that the EU moratorium on GM food was illegal, making further such trade suspensions
unlikely. By 2006, EU one billion acres worldwide had been planted with GM crops. In terms of area harvested, estimates
are that more than half the world's soy crop, a quarter of its corn, and a tenth of its cotton consists of genetically modified
stock. In fact, the market for conventional seeds is weakening. More and more companies are vying for a share of the $5.6
billion market in agricultural biotechnology. Health concerns about GM foods have been allayed somewhat since the late
1990s by essentially unremarkable research results. Nothing much appears to happen when GM potatoes, for example, are
substituted in one's diet for potatoes grown conventionally.
Opposition to GM food on philosophical grounds remains strong. Much recent concern has focused on the
patenting practices of companies that develop genetically modified plants and on the power these patents confer. Having
invested significantly in research on and cultivation of novel GM foods, agricultural-product companies hope to market
them without competition from rival firms that have not made such an investment. However, this raises the question of
whether it is proper to patent a living thing. The law has so far said that it is. To enforce their monopoly on novel species,
some companies have even coded a security switch into the genetics of their products. One highly successful type of GM
potato, for instance, contains genetic material that prevents it from reproducing. Unlike an un-engineered potato, it cannot
sprout and generate next year’s crop. If a farmer chooses to grow a second year’s crop, he or she has to purchase new seed
stock from the company that holds the patent. The company, in this instance, is the creator and the source of life.
93. According to paragraph 1, GMOs are “unnatural” because ________.
A. they cannot live outside laboratories
B. natural reproductive processes cannot produce them
C. they might cause an environmental disaster
D. traits from at least two organism are combined in them
94. The phrase “prove toxic” in the passage is closest in meaning to ________.
A. seem to be poisonous B. protect against poisons
C. be discovered to be poisonous D. help researchers find poisons
95. From paragraph 2, it can be inferred that environmentalists ________.
A. did not appreciate the environmental benefits of GM crops
B. developed the first genetically modified food crops
C. believed GM laboratory rats caused immune-system problems
D. have had frequent conflicts with the European Union
96. Look at the four squares  that indicate where the following sentence could be added to the passage.
Often with support from outside political activists, the holders of minor stakes in a company banded
together to achieve influence on corporate policy.
Where would the sentence best fit? Choose the square  where the sentence should be added to the passage.
A. 1st square B. 2nd square C. 3rd square D. 4th square
97. The word “conventional” in the passage is closest in meaning to ________.
A. alter B. usual C. safe D. unique
98. Which of the following expresses the essential information in the highlighted sentence from the passage? Incorrect
choices change the meaning in important ways or leave out essential information.
A. Since the late 1990s, there has been little reliable research into the health effects of GM food.
B. Research since the late 1990s has confirmed that GM foods pose health risks.
C. Research since the late 1990s has shown no dramatic health risks in GM food.
D. Since the late 1990s, researchers have failed to adequately explain the health risks in GM food.
99. All of the following are mentioned in paragraph 4 as beneficial to the GM food business EXCEPT ________.
A. the EU moratorium B. research results
C. a ruling by the World Trade Organization D. less demand for non-GM seeds
100. In paragraph 5, the author mentions philosophical grounds in order to ________.
A. describe research more recent than that mentioned in paragraph 4
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Ms. Dung IELTS (08888 31299)_Pre-training National Team This paper belongs to: …………………………. Score: ….

B. give an example of a patenting practice

C. introduce an area of consideration different from those in paragraph 4
D. list places where GM crops can most easily be produced
101. Paragraph 5 states that patents for GM crops are ________.
A. improper B. legal C. novel D. creative
102. The word “confer” in the passage is closest in meaning to ________.
A. contain B. give C. take away D. keep out

Part 5. You are going to read an article about the use of gadgets by people doing outdoor activities, with sections
marked A, B, C, D and E. For questions 103 - 115, read the article and do the task that follows. Write your answers in
the corresponding numbered boxes provided.
KIT MAN
Gadgets that bring home comforts to the great outdoors have given rise to a new breed of outdoor adventurer. But purists
are unconvinced.
A Up there, in the clear fresh air, it isn't just the stars that are glowing. You can climb a mountain and find at the top
of it a nightmare of hi-tech gadgetry and hardship-avoidance devices. Worried about getting lost? Relax with a handheld
GPS unit, featuring 3D and aerial display, plus built-in compass and barometric altimeter. Even the sacred covenant
between outdoor types and wet socks has come unravelled with the development of 'hydrophobic' fabrics which repel all
moisture. At next month's Outdoors Show in Manchester, all this kit and more will be on display for an audience which
seemingly can't get enough of it. 'When we ask people what they come to the show for, they list two things,' says the
event's sales manager, Geff Simons. 'One is the inspiration to get outdoors in the first place. And the other is to see the new
gear, the gadgets, the breakthroughs. That's what they love.' The event, the showcase of Britain's booming adventure
business shows everything the tech-savvy adventurer could wish for, from solar-heated sleeping bags to remote-controlled
lanterns.
В The rise of Kit Man, as the gizmo-fixated menace of the 21ST century mountains has been christened, reflects both
changing social trends and the dizzying speed of scientific advance. Modern hikers have moved on from the Spartan
routines of 50 years ago, when discomfort, bad food and danger were seen as part of the authentic outdoor experience.
They also have more money and a conditioned attachment to life's luxuries. However, basic pioneering disciplines - map-
reading, camp-laying, First Aid - have declined, to be shakily replaced by the virtual skills offered by technology. With so
much gear now available, Kit Man and his kind stand accused by the old-schoolers of being interested only in reaching the
summits of gadgetry.
C 'I think these people are completely missing the point,' huffs author and TV presenter Guy Grieve, who spent a year
living alone in the Alaskan wilderness. The whole idea of going into the wild is to get away from the things that tie you in
knots at home. I'd prefer to take as little as possible - a tent, a rifle, and a few pots and pans. All this technology, I mean, it
might look fantastic on paper, but when there's a real problem, it's almost certainly going to let you down. What will see
you through is the old stuff, the maps and the bits of rope. There are times when you need that kind of dependability.
Who'd want to be stranded out in the wild with a gadget freak?' Travel and adventure writer Clive Tully agrees. 'Be
suspicious of anything that claims to make your life easier,' he warns. 'My experience is that people who depend on
technology are woefully ill-prepared in other ways. You still need to be able to read a map and do the basic stuff.'
D None of which is enough to keep Kit Man from his toys. The mountains and hills are alive with the sound of
ringing mobiles, beeping biometric pressure metres, clicking ultra-violet radiation sensors and the whirring of the current
ultimate in gadget chic - a micro-helicopter which can be controlled from an iPod to send back live pictures of the route
ahead. Thus tooled up, Kit Man must consider what he is to wear. And as any visit to a contemporary outdoor store shows,
this involves not only acquiring new clobber, but new jargon. When he asks about a pair of trousers, he will learn about
Moisture Vapour Transfer Rate, Hydrostatic Heat Resistance and Wickability. He'll be told that the vest he's interested in is
fitted with a particular membrane, and that the boots which caught his eye have a built-in air-conditioning system with
advanced longitudinal flex and heel-to-toe shock absorbers.
E It is tempting to scoff at Kit Man, but not everyone sides with the romantics. Many in the adventure business say
gadgets have encouraged thousands who would otherwise not have ventured into the great outdoors. Evidence from the
American market also suggests that technology has had a positive environmental impact, and increased safety standards.
Then there's research from Germany's Institute for Biological Cybernetics, which suggests that, left to their own devices,
humans are doomed to wander round in circles. 'We cannot trust our own senses,' says its director Dr Jan Souman. The déjà
vu that you feel when you are lost in the woods is real. The brain will bring you back to where you started.'
In which section of the article are the following mentioned?
103. why people were willing to suffer outdoors in the past
104. the need to understand certain terminology
105. a belief about what the reason for doing outdoor activities should be
106. a feeling of reassurance provided by a certain gadget
107. how many people have taken up outdoor activities because of gadgets
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Ms. Dung IELTS (08888 31299)_Pre-training National Team This paper belongs to: …………………………. Score: ….

108. a criticism of the motivation of people who get a lot of gadgets for outdoor activities
109. an open air display of state-of-the-art technology
110. the noise made by certain gadgets
111. a belief that gadgets may prove not to be useful
112. evidence that people in general lack a particular ability when outdoors
113. a belief that someone with gadgets would not be a good companion in certain circumstances
114. the lack of certain abilities among people who use gadgets
115. the high level of demand for gadgets connected with outdoor activities
III. WRITING
Part 1. Summarize this article about Man and his destruction of wildlife habitat in no more than 120 words.
Man is forever changing the face of nature. He has been doing so since he first appeared on the earth. Yet, all that man
has done is not always to the ultimate advantage of the earth or himself. Man has, in fact, destroyed more than necessary.
In his struggle to live and extract the most out of life, man has destroyed many species of wildlife; directly by sheer
physical destruction, and indirectly by the destruction or alteration of habitats. Some species may be able to withstand
disruptions to their habitat while others may not be able to cope.
Take the simple act of farming. When a farmer tills a rough ground, he makes it unsuitable for the survival of certain
species. Every change in land use brings about a change in the types of plant and animals found on that land.
When man builds a new town, this means the total destruction of vast areas of farmland or woodland. Here, you have
the complete destruction of entire habitats and it is inevitable.
It follows therefore, that every form of human activity unavoidably upsets or changes the wildlife complex of the area.
Man has destroyed many forms of wildlife for no reasonable purpose. They have also made many great blunders in land
use, habitat destruction and the extermination of many forms of wildlife.
Man's attitude towards animals depends on the degree to which his own survival is affected. He sets aside protection for
animals that he hunts for sport and wages a war on any other creature that may pose a danger or inconvenience to him. This
creates many problems and man has made irreversible, serious errors in his destruction of predators. He has destroyed
animals and birds which are useful to farmers as pest controllers. The tragedy that emerges is that all the killing of
predators did not in any way increase the number of game birds.
Broadly speaking, man wages war against the creatures which he considers harmful, even when his warfare makes
little or no difference to the numbers of those he encourages. There is a delicate predator and prey equilibrium involving
also the vegetation of any area, which man can upset by thoughtless intervention.
Therefore, there is a need for the implementation of checks and balances. The continued existence of these animals
depends entirely on man and his attitude towards his own future.

Part 2. The chart gives information about the unemployment rates in selected economies caused by Coronavirus
pandemic.

Summarize the information by selecting and reporting the main features, and make comparisons where relevant.
Write at least 150 words.

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