MOCK TEST 2

Bình Minh
I.LISTENING (50pts)
Part 1. You will hear a radio talk about globalisation. Complete each of the sentences below with NO
MORE THAN THREE WORDS.
1. The entire world is now seen as one big _____global village_______________.
2. The GNP in rich countries is now ______30 times______________ greater than that in poor
countries.
3. Cheap third-world labour for MNCs is encouraged by __weak_______or____non-
existent_______employment legislation.
4. It’s not a good idea to have protectionism in a _______free market
economy________________.
5. Protests are staged at conferences held by the International Monetary Fund and the
______world bank______________.
Part 2. You will hear a man called Carl Pitman, giving a group of tourist practical advice about
learning the sport of surfing. Complete the sentences with NO MORE THAN TWO WORDS.
Write your answers in the corresponding numbered boxes provided. 
6. Carl recommended the ____national park_____________ as the best place for learning to surf
in his area.
7. Carl uses the term ______period______________ to describe the distance between waves.
8. Carl advises getting a wetsuit that has a ________tight___________ fit.
9. Carl says the wetsuit, ____boots__________ and footwear all need washing regularly.
10. Beginners most often damage surfboards through contact with ____knees__________
11. Carl suggests using a ____hair dryer_____________ as the first step in removing wax from a
surfboard.
Part 3. You will hear part of an interview in which two racing cyclists called Greg Marton and Lina
Derridge are talking about the different sports they have taken part in. Choose the answer (A, B, C or
D) which fits best according to what you hear. Write your answers in the corresponding numbered
boxes provided.
12. When talking about teenager ice hockey, Greg reveals that
A. he now wishes he’d trained harder. B. he’s sorry that he let his father down.
C. he resents the pressure he was put under. D. he accepts that he lacked the drive to succeed.
13. What led Greg to take up rowing?
A. He followed up a suggestion made by friends.
B. He was frustrated by his performance as a runner.
C. He was told that he had the physical strength for it.
D. He was disappointed not to get on to a degree course.
14. What does Linda say about her initial failure to make the national rowing team?
A. She feels that she wasn’t treated fairly.
B. She admits that she was mostly just unfortunate.
C. She disagrees with the way the selection process operated.
D. She recognizes that she should have attended training camps.

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15. What does Linda suggest about her move to California?
A. She saw it mainly as a way of furthering her career.
B. She was motivated by her desire to try a new activity.
C. She needed convincing that it was the right thing to do.
D. She wanted to concentrate her energies on work rather than sport.
16. Greg and Linda agree that cycling and rowing both require
A. a commitment to a team effort. B. a tolerance of intense pain.
C. a willingness to take risks. D. a good sense of timing.
17. According to Greg, why should cyclists include rowing as part of their training?
A. They might find it as enjoyable as he does.
B. They would develop a similar set of muscles.
C. It might help them to avoid injury in accidents.
D. It provides a break from the monotony of cycling.
Part 4. You will hear part of a radio program about toys, in which the development of a famous toy
called Meccano is described. Complete the sentences with NO MORE THAN 3 WORDS.
18. Frank Hornby worked for a ___________meat importer______________.
19. He was inspired by a book called _______self-help__________________.
20. He read about someone who invented a white ____glaze_____________________ and who failed
many times before succeeding with it.
21. He started to consider the idea of ______interchangeable___________________ parts.
22. He decided that the parts would need to have a _________series of holes________________ in
them.
23. The first parts he made were from a big ____copper_____________________.
24. The first name given to the new toy was _________mechanics made easy________________.
25. Each Meccano set could be made bigger with the use of an _____...____________________.
II. LEXICO-GRAMMAR (20 points)
Part 1. For questions 26 - 40, choose the correct answer A, B, C or D to each of the following
questions. Write your answers in the corresponding numbered boxes provided. (00) has done as an
example.
00. In our modern time, the _______ of women has shifted from homemaker to outside worker.
A. role B. period C. right D. pay
26. I’m sure Chad understood what you were suggesting; he’s very quick on the _______.
A. track B. updraft C. decision D. uptake
27. An author just has to _______ and bear it when a book gets a bad review.
A. grin B. bawl C. split D. crush
28. Jack says he’s changed, but a _______ can’t change its spots, you know.
A. tiger B. elephant C. leopard D. giraffe
29. That was a very _______ thing to do. Do you realise you put your own life in danger?
A. cantankerous B. reckless C. curt D. unscrupulous
30. The special effects in the film were excellent but I didn’t think the plot was very _______.
A. discreet B. plausible C. excessive D. tedious
31. Dr. Sanchez is a little bit too systematic. Frankly, I’d have to say he’s a real _______.
A. control freak B. overachiever C. pushover D. hothead

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 32. We knew they would be fully booked, but we still went there _______the off-chance that
somebody might have cancelled at the last minute.
A. with B. at C. in D. on
33. In her speech, the major urged citizens to get _______ the city’s clean-up campaign.
A. behind B. into C. along with D. together

34. My parents and I are on a different _______ when it comes to taste in music.
A. wavelength B. resemblance C. pack D. world
35. He must have been hungry. Did you see the way he _______ his dinner down?
A. demolished B. polished C. swallowed D. wolfed
36. As the train pulled in, she _______ him into its path. At that point the novel ends.
A. yanked B. snatched C. shoved D. wrenched
37. I can’t buy it at that price because I wouldn’t be able to sell it _______a profit.
A. with B. at C. in D. for
38. My sister was _______ disappointed when she found out that she hadn’t got the job.
A. bitterly B. deeply C. painfully D. deadly
39. You mentioned in your book that you had a difficult childhood. Would care to _______ on
that?
A. embark B. elaborate C. ingratiate D. comment
40. That record collection of your is worth _______ onto. It could be valuable one day.
A. hanging B. lining C. dragging D. raving
Your answers:
00. A 26. 27. 28. 29. 30. 31. 32.
33. 34. 35. 36. 37. 38. 39. 40.
Part 2. For questions 41-45, write the correct form of each word in CAPITAL LETTERS in the
corresponding numbered boxes provided on the right.
QUESTIONS YOUR ANSWERS
41. The newspaper had sad photos of skinny, (NOURISH) 41.
children who were suffering from the famine.
42. My little brother was born with a (FORM) foot, but the 42.
surgery was successful and now he can walk without
problems.
43. My sister loves to wear perfume, but she uses so much that 43.superpower
the scent is almost (POWER).
44. He denied the accusation (CONVINCE), which made me 44.unconvincingly
think he was guilty.
45. Socrates was known for his (SCRUPLE) adherence to the 45.scrupling
truth and his refusal to compromise.
III. READING (50 points) Mark: ……../ 50
Part 1. For questions 46-52, read the text below and decide which answer A, B, C or D best fits each
gap. Write your answers in the corresponding numbered boxes provided.
TIGERS AS PETS
They may be (46)_______ extinction in India, China and Siberia, but in the US, tigers have
found a new lease of life – after a fashion. More than 12,000 are kept as pets – double the number
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thought to exist in the wild. The craze persists (47)_______ concern among politicians and animal
welfare groups. Various reputable organizations promote ownership of endangered species. Prices are
not particularly (48)_______: $1,000 for a generic cub, $3,500 for a pair of Bengal tigers.
The private trade originated in zoos. Tiger cubs proved so popular with the public that zoos
started breeding more than they needed and sold the (49)_______ to private breeders. The US
Endangered Species Act of 1973 outlaws the taking of endangered animals from the wild, but does
not (50)_______ what happens to the offspring of animals captured before the law was (51)_______.
Many owners believe they are saving an endangered species. But their cubs have no
(52)_______ among wild tigers. They are a mixture of, says, Sumatran, Siberian and Bengal tigers,
which would not survive in the wild.
46. A. facing B. reaching C. getting D. meeting
47. A. in contrast to B. nevertheless C. in spite of D. whereas
48. A. forbidding B. prohibitive C. impossible D. restraining
49. A. surplus B. balance C. residue D. leftovers
50. A. rule B. conduct C. systematize D. regulate
51. A. sentenced B. issued C. passed D. stated
52. A. equivalent B. similarity C. substitute D. correspondent
Your answers:
46. 47. 48. 49. 50. 51. 52.
Part 2. You are going to read an extract from a nonel. For questions 53-58, choose the answer (A, B,
C or D) which you think fits best according to the text. Write your answers in the corresponding
numbered boxes provided.
My first day with the family replayed itself in my mind, but in black and white, and the reel
grainy and distorted in places. I was seated with the family, nervous, pretending to follow Carl Sagan
on TV, covertly assessing their movements and utterances. Peju, seated next to me, suddenly turned
and asked casually, ‘Lomba, what is the capital of Iceland?’
I discovered later she was going to read journalism at the university and ultimately become a
presenter on CNN. She had stacks of cassette recordings of herself reading the news in a cool, assured
voice. I looked at her blankly. She was seventeen, and her beauty was just starting to extricate itself
from the awkward, pimply encumbrances of adolescene. Her eyes were polite but unrelentingly
expectant. Surprised at the question, not knowing the answer, I turned to Bola for help – but he was
lost in a loud and argumentative game of Ludo with his mum on the carpet. I shrugged and smiled.
‘Why would I know what the capital of Iceland is?’
‘Good answer, Lomba,’ came the father’s voice from behind the Sunday Guardian. He was
lying on the sofa; he had been listening to us all along
‘Stay out, Daddy,’ Peju pleased, and turning back to me, she proceeded to lecture me on the
name and geographical peculiarities of Reykjavik. The next salvo came from Lola, who was going to
be a fashion designer. She was twelve and intimidatingly precocious. She had sidled up to me and sat
on the arm of my seat, listening innocently to Peju’s lecture; but as soon as it was over she took my
arm and gave me a cherubic smile. ‘Do you know how a bolero jacket looks?’
When I replied, naturally, in the nagative, she jumped up gleefully and ran to their room and
back with her sketchbook and pencil. She dragged me down to the carpet and quickly sketched a

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bolero jacket for me. I started in silence at the tiny hand so sure behind the pencil, and the wispy but
exact strokes slowly arranging themselves into a distinct shape.
‘The tailor is making one for me. You’ll see it when it is ready,’ she promised.
‘What do you use it for?’
‘To dance the bolero – it is a Spanish dance.’
‘Can you dance it?’
‘No, but I’ll learn.’
You’ll wear him out with your nonsense, girls,’ the father said, standing up and stretching. He
yawned. ‘Time for my siesta.’ He left.
At first, I was discomfited by his taciturnity, which I mistook for moodiness; but in close-up I
saw the laughter kinds behind the eyes, the lips twitching, ready to part and reveal the white teeth
beneath. I came to discover his playful side, his pranks on the girls, his comradely solidarity with
Bola against the others. Apart from his work, his family was his entire life. Now I saw him – in black
and white – after work, at home, seated on his favorite sofas, watching CNN or reading the papers,
occassionally turning to answer Lola’s peristent, needling questions, or to explain patiently to Bola
why he couldn’t afford to buy him a new pair of sneakers just now. Big, gentle, quiet, speaking only
when spoken to. Remember him: conscientious docent, dutiful father, loving husband and, to me,
perfect role model.
But Ma Bola was my favourite, perhaps because she was so different from my mother, who
was coincidentally, the same age as her. Ma Bola was slim, her figure unalterred by years of her
childbirth.
‘Your sister?’ people often asked Bola, and he’d look at his mother and they’d laugh before
correcting the mistake. Ma Bola was a secretary at the Ministry of Finance – she called her husband
‘darling’, like white people. Her children were ‘dear’ and honey’. The first time she called me that, I
turned round to see if there was someone else behind me. She had laughed and patted me on the
cheek. ‘Don’t worry, you’ll get used to our silly ways.’ …Her greatest charm was her ease with
people. She laughed so easily; she listened with so much empathy, patting you on the arm to make a
point. After a minute with her, you were a captive for life.
‘Take care of husband for me,’ she told me often. That was how she sometimes fondly referred
to Bola, ‘my husband’. ‘He can be so impulsive, so exasperatingly headstrong.’
‘I will,’ I promised.
She went on to tell me how, in traditional society, parents used to select friends for their
children. We were alone in the kitchen. She was teaching me how to make pancakes. ‘Cousins,
usually. They’d select someone of opposite temperament – someone quiet if theirs was garrulous,
someone level-headed (like you) if their own was impulsive. They’d make themsworn friends for life,
to check each other’s exercises. Very wise, don’t you think?’
‘Very.’
‘If I was to select a friend for Bola, it’d be you. But Providence has already done it for me.’
53. Lomba says that he later discovered that Peju _______
A. was older than he had first thought.
B. frequently asked people surprising questions.
C. was already preparing for her future career.
D. quickly made progress in her career.

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54. When Lomba answered Peju’s question, _______
A. she tried to stop her father from giving Lomba the answer.
B. she indicated that she was glad that Lomba did not know the answer.
C. Lomba knew that Bola would not have been able to give him the answer.
D. she supplied him with information he did not know.

55. What does Lomba say about Lola?

A. She was pleased that he didn’t know the answer to her question.
B. She seemed younger than she really was.
C. She made him feel much more comfortable than Peju did.
D. He thought at first that she was playing a trick on him.
56. Lomba says that he found out that he was wrong about _______
A. how the father spent most of his time. B. what the children thought of their father.
C. the father’s priorities in life. D. the father’s sense of humour.
57. When describing Ma Bola, Lomba makes it clear that _______
A. he got on better with her than with his own mother.
B. he was not familiar with being addressed with the words she used.
C. her physical appearance made him feel comfortable with her.
D. he was envious of her children’s relationship with her.
58. When she was talking to Lomba in the kitchen, Ma Bola said that _______
A. she thought he would be a good influence on Bola.
B. she was becoming increasingly worried about Bola.
C. she wanted him to take on a role he might not want.
D. she realised that a certain tradition was dying out.
Your answers:
53. 54. 55. 56. 57. 58.
Part 3. You are going to read a magazine article about a training session with a stuntman – someone
who performs the dangerous and exciting actions in films. Six paragraphs have been removed from
the article. For questions 59-64, choose from the paragraphs A-G the one which fits each gap. There
is one extra paragraph which you do not need to use. Write your answers in the corresponding
numbered boxes provided.
Learning to be an action hero
Alex Benady has a lesson in fitness from a film stuntman.
‘Now see if you can touch your toes,’ says Steve Truglia. As a former Army physical training instructor, he is
used to dealing with less than sharp trainees. But how hard can that be? Fifteen seconds of blind confusion
ensure before I finally locate my feet. The truth is I can’t reach much past my knees and the effort of doing
even that seems to be rupturing my kidneys.
59
These days, Steve is one of Britain’s top stuntmen. You might have seen him in various well-known action
movies. Although I have no real desire to enter rooms through the ceiling or drive into walls at high speed like
him, I wouldn’t mind looking a bit more like an action hero, so Steve is showing me exactly how he stays
‘stunt fit’. ‘it’s a very particular, very extreme kind of fitness,’ he explains, consisting of stamina, flexibility,
trength and core stability, balance and coordination.’
60
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Right now, we are working on spatial awareness, a subset of coordination which he says is key to being a
stuntman. ‘It’s easy to get disorientated when you are upside down. But if you have a high fall and you don’t
know exactly where your body is, you won’t be able to land safely. If you are lucky, you’ll just end up with
some serious injuries.’ From where I’m hanging, that sounds like a pretty positive outcome. Yet it had all
started so well.
61
He usually does this at the end of the session. ‘On set, you can guarantee that if you have a big
dangerous stunt, you won’t do it until the end of the day, when you are completely exhausted. So, I
design my training regtime to reflect that.’ At first, this part of the session consists of standard strength-
building exercises: dips-pushing yourself up and down on the arms of a high chair, for triceps and chest; some
bench presses, again for chest; lower back exercises; and curls to build up biceps. Then Steve introduces me to
the chinning bar, which involves movements for building strength in your back and arms.
62
We move on to balance and coordination, starting by walking along three-inch-wide bars. Not easy, but do-
able. ‘Now turn round,’ says Steve. Not easy and not do-able. I fall off. Now he shows me how to jump on to
the bar. Guess what? I can’t do that either. Then he points to a two-inch-wide bar at about waist height.
63
Now it’s outside for some elementary falls. He shows me how to slap the ground when you land, to earth your
kinetic energy. He throws me over his shoulder and I are gracefully through the air, landing painlessly. But
when it’s my turn, I don’t so much throw him as trip him up he smashes into the ground at my feet, well short
of the crash mat. Sorry, Steve.
64
At least I’ll never suffer from an anatomical anomaly - which is what happens when your thighs are
so massive, the other parts of your anatomy look rather small by comparison.

A. ‘We’ll just warm up first,’ says Steve as we enter the Muscle works Gym in East London. Five
minutes on the recumbent cycle and I’m thinking this stunt lark is a piece of cake. Then we
start some strength work, vital for hanging off helicopters, leaping off walls, etc.
B. It’s clear that I have some work to do before I am ready to amaze the world with my dripping
physique and daredevil stunts. But I have taken one comforting piece of knowledge from my
experience.
C. Instead, we work on what he calls our ‘çores’. ‘All powerful movements originate from the
centre of the body out, and never from the limbs alone,’ he says. So, we’ll be building up the
deep stabilizing muscles in our trunks, the part of the body from the waist to the neck.
D. He reckons anyone can get there with a couple of gym sessions and a couple of runs a week.
‘The key is variety: do as many different types of exercise as possible. Even 20 minutes a day
will do.’
E. Much to my surprise, I can actually do a few. Then he says innocently: ‘Just raise your legs so
they are at 90 degrees to your body.’ Pain, pain, pain. ‘Now open and close your legs in a
scissor motion.’ I manage to do that once.
F. You may think that this sounds a bit feeble. But I was dangling upside down at the time,
suspended from a bar by a pair of gravity boots.
G. With feet firmly together, he leaps on, balances himself, leaps off. For good measure he
circuits the gym, leaping from one to another, using his thighs to generate the power to leap

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 and the power to stop himself from falling when he lands. Despite his heavy build, be has the
feet of a ballerina.
Your answers:
59.F 60.G 61.A 62.E 63.C 64.B
Part 4. Read the following passage and do the tasks that follow.
The changing role of airports
Airports continue to diversify their role in an effort to generate income. Are business meeting
facilities the next step? Nigel Halpern, Anne Graham and Rob Davidson investigate.
A. In recent times developing commercial revenues has become more challenging for airports due to
a combination of factors, such as increased competition from Internet shopping, restrictions on certain
sales, such as tobacco, and new security procedures that have had an impact on the dwell time of
passengers. Moreover, the global economic downturn has caused a reduction in passenger numbers
while those that are trevelling generally have less money to spend. This has meant that the share of
revenue from non-aeronautical revenues actually peaked at 54% at the turn of the century and has
subsequently declined slightly. Meanwhile, the pressures to control the level of aeronautical revenues
are as strong as ever due to the poor financial health of many airlines and the rapid rise of the low-
cost carrier sector.
B. Some of the more obvious solutions to growing commercial revenues, such as extending the
merchandising space or expanding the variety of shopping opportunities, have already been tried to
their limit at many airports. A more radical solution is to find new sources of commercial revenues
within the terminal, and this has been explored by many airports over the last decade or so. As a
result, many terminals are now much more than just shopping malls and offer an array of
entertainment, leisure, and beauty and wellness facilities. At this stage of facilities provision, the
airport also has the possibility of taking on the role of the final destruction rather than merely a
facilitator of access.
C. At the same time, airports have been developing and expanding the range of services that they
provide specifically for the business traveller in the terminal. This includes offering business centres
that supply support services, meeting or conference rooms and other space for special events. Within
this context, Jarach (2001) discusses how dedicated meetings facilities located within the terminal and
managed directly by the airport operator may be regarded as an expansion of the concept of airline
lounges or as a way to reconvert abandoned or underused areas of terminal buildings. Previously it
was primarily airport hotels and other facilities offered in the surrounding area of the airport that had
the potential to take on this role and become active as a business space (McNeil 2009).
D. When an airport location can be promoted as a business venue, this may increase the overall
appeal of the airport and help it become more competitive in both attracting and retaining airlines and
their passengers. In particular, the presence of meeting facilities could become one of the determining
factors taken into consideration when business people are choosing airlines and where they change
their planes. This enhanced attractiveness itself may help to improve the airport operator’s financial
position and future prospects, but clearly this will be dependent on the competitive advantage that the
airport is able to achieve in comparison with other venues.
E. In 2011, an online airport survey was conducted and some of the areas investigated included the
provision and use of meeting facilities at airports and the perceived role and importance of these
facilities in generating income and raising passenger numbers. In total, there were responses from
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staff at 154 airports and 68% of these answered ‘yes’ to the question: Does your airport own and have
meetings facilities available for hire? The existence of meeting facilities therefore seems high at
airports. In additions, 28% of respondents that did not have meeting facilities stated that they were
likely to invest in them during the next five years. The survey also asked to what extent respondents
agreed or disagreed with a number of statements about the meeting facilities at their airport. 49% of
respondents agreed that they have put more investment into them during recent years; 41% agreed
that they would invest more in the immediate future. These are fairly high proportions considering the
recent economic climate.
F. The survey also asked airports with meeting facilities to estimate what proportion of users are from
the local area, i.e. within a 90-minute drive from the airport, or from abroad. Their findings show that
meeting facilities proved by the majority of respondents tend to serve local versus non-local or
foreign needs. 63% of respondents estimated that over 60% of users are from the local area. Only 3%
estimated that over 80% of users are from abroad. It is therefore not surprising that the facilities are of
limited importance when it comes to increasing use of flights at the airport: 16% of respondents
estimated that none of the users of their meeting facilities use flights when travelling to or from them,
while 56% estimated that 20% or fewer of the users of their facilities use flights.
G. The survey asked respondents with meeting facilities to estimate how much revenue their airport
earned from its meeting facilities during the last financial year. Average revenue per airport was just
$12,959. Meeting facilities are effectively a non-aeronautical source of airport revenue. Only 1% of
respondents generated more than 20% non-aeronautical revenue from their meetings facilities; none
generated more than 40%. Given the focus on local demand, it is not surprising that less than a third
of respondents agreed that their meeting facilities support business and tourism development in their
home region or country.
H. The findings of this study suggest that few airports provide meetings facilities as a serious
commercial venture. It may be that, as owners of large property, space is available for meeting
facilities at airports and could play an important role in serving the needs of the airport, its partners,
and stakeholders such as government and the local community. Thus, while the local orientation
means that competition with other airports is likely to be minimal, competition with local providers of
meetings facilities is likely to be much greater.
The text has eight paragraphs, A-H. For questions 65-69, decide which paragraph contains following
information? You may use any letter MORE THAN ONCE. Write the correct answers (A-H) in the
corresponding numbered boxes provided. 
65. evidence that a significant number of airports provide meeting facilities
66. a statement regarding the fact that no further developments are possible in some areas of airport
trade
67. reference to the low level of income that meeting facilities produce for airports
68. mention of the impact of budget airlines on airport income
69. examples of airport premises that might be used for business purposes
Your answers:
65.E 66.B 67.G 68.A 69.C
For question 70-73, complete the sentences below. Choose NO MORE THAN TWO WORDS from the
text for each answer. Write the answers in the corresponding numbered boxes provided. 
70. The length of time passengers spend shopping at airport has been affected by updated _______

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71. Airports with a wide range recreational facilities can become a _______for people rather than a
means to travel.
72. Both passengers and _______may feel encouraged to use and develop a sense of loyalty towards
airports that market their business services.
73. Airports that supply meeting facilities may need to develop a _______over other venues.
Your answers:
73. competitive
70.security procedure 71.final destination 72.airlines
advantage
For questions 74-77, complete the summary below. Choose NO MORE THAN TWO WORDS from
the text for each answer. Write the answers in the corresponding numbered boxes provided. 
Survey Findings
Despite financial constraints due to the (74) _______, a significant percentage of airports provide and
wish to further support business meeting facilities. Also, just under 30% of the airports surveyed plan
to provide these facilities within (75)_______ however, the main users of facilities are (76)
_______and as many as 16% respondents to the survey stated that their users did not take any (77)
_______at the airport.
Your answers:
74.economic climate 75. 5 years 76.local 77. flights
Part 5. Read the following passage and do the tasks that follow.
The Hidden Histories of Exploration Exhibition
A. We have all heard tales of lone, heroic explorers, but what about the local individuals who guided
and protected European explorers in many different parts of the globe? Or the go-betweens –
including interpreters and traders – who translated the needs and demands of explorers into a
language that locals could understand? Such questions have received surprisingly little attention in
standard histories, where European explorers are usually the heroes, sometimes the villains. The
Hidden Histories of Exploration exhibition at Britain’s Royal Geographical Society in London sets
out to present an alternative view, in which exploration is fundamentally collective experience of
work, involving many different people. Many of the most famous examples of explorers said to have
been ‘lone travellers’- say, Mungo Park or David Livingstone in Africa – were anything but ‘alone’
on their travels. They depend on local support of various kinds – for food, shelter, protection,
information, guidance and solace – as well as on other resources from elsewhere.
B. The Royal Geographical Society (RGS) seeks to record this story in its Hidden Histories project,
using its astonishingly rich collections. The storage of geographical information was one of the main
rationales for the foundation of the RGS in 1830, and the Society’s collections now contain more
than two million individual items, including books, manuscripts, maps, photographs, art-works,
artifacts and film – a rich storehouse of material reflecting the wide geographical extent of British
interest across the globe. In addition to their remarkable scope and range, these collections contain a
striking visual record of exploration: the impulse to collect the world is reflected in a large and
diverse image archive. For the researcher, this archive can yield many surprises: materials gathered
for one purpose – say, maps relating to an international boundary dispute or photographs taken on a
scientific expedition – may today be put to quite different uses.
C. In their published narratives, European explorers rarely portrayed themselves as vulnerable or
dependent on others, despite the fact that without this support they were quite literally lost. Archival
research confirms that Europeans were not merely dependent on the work of porters, soldiers,
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 translators, cooks, pilots, guides, hunters and collectors: they also relied on local expertise. Such
assistance was essential in identifying potential dangers – poisonous species, unpredictable rivers,
uncharted territories – which could mean the difference between life and death. The assistants
themselves were usually in a strong bargaining position. In the Amazon, for example, access to
entire regions would depend on the willingness of local crew members and other assistants to enter
areas inhabitted by relatively powerful Amerindian groups. In an account of his journey across South
America, published in 1836, William Smyth thus complained of frequent ‘desertion’ by his helpers:
‘without them it was impossible to get on’.
D. Those providing local support and information to explorers were themselves often not ‘locals’.
For example, the history of African exploration in the nineteenth century is dominated by the use of
Zanzibar as a recruiting station for porters, soldiers and guides who would then travel thousands of
miles across the continent. In some accounts, the leading African members of expedition parties –
the ‘officers’or ‘foremen’- are identified, and their portraits published alongside those of European
explorers.
E. The information provided by locals and intermediaries was of potential importance to
geographical science. How was this evidence judged? The formal procedures of scientific evaluation
provided one framework. Alongside these were more ‘common sense’ notions of veracity and
reliability, religiously – inspired judgments about the authenticity of testimony, and the routine
procedures for cross-checking empirical observations developed in many prfessions.
F. Given explorers’need for local information and support, it was in their interests to develop
effective working partnerships with knowledgeable intermediaries who could act as brokers in their
dealings with local inhabitants. Many of these people acquired far more experience of exploration
than most Europeans could hope to attain. Some managed large groups of men and women, piloted
the explorers’ river craft, or undertook mapping work. The tradition was continued with the Everest
expeditions in the 1920s and 1930s, which regularly employed the Tibetan interpreter Karma Paul.
In Europe, exploration was increasingly thought of as a career; the same might be said of the non-
Europeans on whom their expeditions depended.
G. These individuals often forged close working relationships with European explorers. Such
partnerships depended on mutual respect, though they were not always easy or intimate, as is
particularly clear from the history of the Everest expeditions depicted in the Hidden Histories
exhibition. The entire back wall is covered by an enlarged version of a single sheet of photographs of
Sherpas taken during the 1936 Everest expedition. The document is a powerful reminder of the
manpower on which European mountaineering expeditions depended, and also of the importance of
local knowledge and assistance. Transformed from archive to wall display, it tells a powerful story
through the dedium of individual portraits – including Karma Paul, veteran of previous expeditions,
and the young Tensing Norgay, 17 years before his successful 1953 ascent. This was a highly
charged and transitional moment as the contribution of the Sherpas, depicted here with identity tags
round their necks, was beginning to be much more widely recognised. These touching portraits
encourage us to see them as agents rather than simply colonial subjects or paid employees. Here is a
living history, which looks beyond what we already know about exploration: a larger history in
which we come to recognise the contribution of everyone involved.
For questions 78-83, decide whether the following statements are True (T), False (F) or Not Given
(NG). Write youranswers in the corresponding numbered boxes provided. 

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 78. The Hidden Histories of Exploration exhibition aims to show the wide range of people involved
in expeditions.
79. The common belief about how Park and Livingstone travelled is accurate.
80. The RGS has organised a number of exhibitions since it was founded.
81. Some of the records in the RGS archieves are more useful than others.
82. Materials owned by the RGS can be used in ways that were not originally intended.
83. In their publications, European explorers often describe their dependence on their helpers.
Your answers:
78.T 79.F 80.NG 81.F 82.T 83.F
The passage above has seven paragraphs, A-G. For questions 84-88, decide which paragraph
contains the following information. Write your answers in the corresponding numbered boxes
provided. 
84. reference to the distances that some non-European helpers travelled
85. description of a wide range of different types of documents
86. belief about the effect of an exhibition on people seeing it
87. examples of risks explorers might have been unaware of without local help
88. reference to various approaches to assessing data from local helpers
Your answers:
84.D 85.B 86.G 87.C 88.E
Part 6. You are going to read a magazine article about interns – young people doing work placements
for a limited period, usually without pay. For questions 89-95, decide in which paragraph (A-D) is
each of the following mention? The paragraphs may be chosen more than once. Write your answers
in the corresponding numbered spaces provided. 
(In which paragraph is each of the following mentioned?) Your answers:
 her feeling when discovering something at work? 89. __B_____
 having no idea how to carry out a certain task? 90. ___B____
 her feeling about the people she works with? 91. ___A____
 having no regrets about a choice she made previously? 92. _C______
 a desire not to be in the same situation in the future? 93. ___D____
 something she regarded as unpredictable? 94. _______
 a preference concerning the work she does as an intern? 95. _______
Your answers:
89. 90. 91. 92. 93. 94. 95.
The intern’s tale
Many workplaces have interns. Is it useful work experience or an unpaid waste of time?
Sarah Barnes meets four young interns.
A. Jessica Turner: Future Films
Working on scripts that you know are going to become films one day is really exciting. We get a
broad variety of genres sent to us here. Personally, I love anything that’s been adapted from a book,
especially if I’ve read it. I read scripts, somethimes I attend meetings with writers, and I’ve also
researched potential writers and directors online. My placement was due to come to an end this month
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but I’ve just been offered the paid role of production and development assistant. I’m pleased to be
able to stay – I didn’t want to leave everyone. It’s been tough getting to this point, but you can’t
expect too much because it’s a competitive industry. Because my degree was in film theory, I didn’t
come away with the practical experience of being able to go on set and know what’s what. Maybe I
would have progressed more quickly if I had.
B. Rasa Abramaviciute: Vivienne Westwood fashion company
I work in the same department as Vivienne Westwood, so I see her almost every day. She treats
everyone equally, whether they are paid staff or interns. My main task is tracing patterns. I was
shocked by how big they are; so much fabric goes into making a Westwood dress. When I started, I
was working on the archieve, so I had the opportunity to see past collections up close. I work five
days a week, 10a.m. to 6p.m., but the days gets longer and more stressed as we approach Fashion
Week. I’ll stay for another three months, and then I’ll go straight back to university to complete my
final year. In fashion, if you want to establish yourself over the competition, you have to work hard
and for free, because that’s what everyone else is willing to do.
C. Hannah Sanderson: Merlin
Over the past few years I’ve been doing volunteer work in Calcutta, Bogota and Teheran, so it’s quite
hard to adjust to being back in the UK. Most of my friends are buying houses, have cars and go on
holidays. But I never feel I’ve missed out because I’m doing what I’ve always wanted to do. I work
three days a week, receiving a small sum to cover expenses. Money from my father has gone towards
funding my placement and I’m really fortunate that I can live with my mum, although it does mean
my commute can take up to two hours. Without my family, I don’t think I could be doing this. Next
month I’m starting a six-month placement in Myanmar, monitoring the health facilities the charity
supplies there. After that, I might actually be in a position to earn a salary. If I was 35 and still
working unpaid, I’d think ‘What am I doing?’
D. Paula Morison: Whitechapel Gallery
I came to London with no plans. I didn’t know how long it would take to get a job. I’d saved up some
money and take resigned myself to staying on a friend’s sofa for a while, but luck was on my side and
I found a job as a seamstress within a couple of weeks. My placement at the gallery came along a
week later. I’ve helped install exhibitions and create gallery publications. One of the most exciting
tasks was helping the artist Claire Barclay create the installation that’s now on display in the gallery.
Because some of the piece is sewn, my seamstress skills came in handy. The hardest thing is at the
start, when you don’t know anything. Someone asks: ‘Can you courier this?’ and you have to ask so
many questions, like ‘Which courier company?’ and ‘Where are the envelopes?’ I’m about to finish
my placement and I’m planning my own curatorial project with a friend. It will be a lot of work but I
think I have to go for these things now, otherwise I’ll regret it later.

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IV. WRITING (60 points) Mark: ………./60
Part 1. Read the following extract and use your own words to summarise it. Your summary should be
between 100 and 120 words
Teachers’ beliefs are a form of subjective reality: What they believe is real and true. Teachers’
beliefs influence teacher consciousness, teaching attitude, teaching methods and teaching policy.
Teacher beliefs also strongly influence teaching behavior and, finally, learner development. i.e.
―their beliefs guide their decision-making, behavior, and interactions with students and, in turn,
create an objective reality in the classroom, what students experience as real and true. Teachers'
beliefs shape their planning and curricular decisions, in effect determining what should be taught and
what path instruction should follow.
Teachers who fail to examine their beliefs may bring about unanticipated consequences in the
classroom, set aside valuable curriculum, overlook or marginalize students who need them,
misinterpret students' motives or behavior, and limit their potential as professionals. Conversely,
teachers who are willing to explore their beliefs, and how their beliefs relate to practice and the
professional knowledge base, can capitalize on the beliefs they hold to promote students' intellectual
growth, autonomy and reciprocity, and equity in their classrooms. Moreover, they create spaces for
their own growth as they identify and revise beliefs that do not serve them, their students, or their
schools.
The formation of a teacher’s educational beliefs in the language teaching-learning process will
exert an imperceptible influence on forming active language teaching methods and will bring about
an improvement in students’ language abilities.
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Part 2. The charts below show information on the unemployment rates for males and for females from
2010 to 2015 in the USA and in Italy.
Describe the information in the charts and make comparisons where relevant. You should write about
150 words.

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Part 3: Write an essay of 350 words on the following topic.
As the number of global COVID-19 confirmed cases increases dramatically, to contain the pandemic,
governments around the world are continuing to take various measures such as testing, strict
lockdowns, social distancing, and contact tracing for infected individuals. Some people believe these
measures do not help the public reduce the risk of exposure to the disease, but violate people’s
privacy rights.

What is your opinion about the matter?

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