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Answers & Solutions: For For For For For MTA PRMO - 2019
Answers & Solutions: For For For For For MTA PRMO - 2019
Example Below. 2 2 2 2
4 4 4 4
A D A C D 5 5 5 5
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PRMO-2019
1 x2 – y2 = k (x + y) (x – y) = k
when 2n
will cross over some integer; an
2 Θ (x + y) and (x – y) both are even or both are
integer will be missed from the sequence <xn> odd.
1 k = 2, 6, 10, ..., 98
2n [k, k 1)
2 Number of such values of k = 25
k(k 1) 1 k(k 1) 1 4. Let a1 = 24 and form the sequence an, a 2 by
n ,
2 8 2 8 an = 100an–1 + 134. The first few terms are
k(k 1) 24, 2534, 253534, 25353534,......
Clearly n
2 What is the least value of n for which a n is
So, the integer (xn + 1) will not be available in divisible by 99?
k(k 1) Answer (88)
the sequence <xn> for n
2
Sol. Θ an = 11 + (an–1 + 2) and an = 9 + (an–1 – 1)
Then n1 = x1 + 1, n2 = x3 + 1, n3 = x6 + 1, ...
Θ a1 2 (mod 11)
1 a2 4 (mod 11)
n12 = x78 + 1 = 78 + 156 1 91
2 a3 6 (mod 11)
2
Sol. z ( 2 3) 6 a3 4 (mod 9)
and so on.
2
z 5 2 6 2z
2 3 6 So, a7, a16, a25, a34, ... will be divisible by 9.
The first term that is divisible by both 9 and 11
z 2 5 2 6 2z z 6 6 will be a88.
5. Let N be the smallest positive integer such
z 2 2z 2 1 2 6 (z 1) 0 that N + 2N + 3N +....+ 9N is a number all
whose digits are equal. What is the sum of the
2 6 (z 1) z 2 1 digits of N?
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∵ a2 + b2 + ab is divisible by 3 then
B
C a b (mod 3).
D A
So (a, b) = (1, 4), (1, 7), (1, 10),
(4, 7), (4, 10), (7, 10)
Let BD is tangent to the circle at B, and AC
or
intersect it at D. when a b
(2, 5), (2, 8), (5, 8)
DBA = ACB = ABC = or
then BAD = 2 (external angle of ABC) (3, 6), (3, 9), (6, 9)
In ABD
Also (1, 1), (2, 2), …… (10, 10) when a = b
ABD + BAD = 90°
Total number of ordered pairs = 22
+ 2 = 90°
9. The centre of the circle passing through the
= 30° = ABC
midpoints of the sides of an isosceles triangle
7. Let s(n) denote the sum of the digits of a ABC lies on the circumcircle of triangle ABC. If
positive integer n in base 10. If s(m) = 20 and the larger angle of triangle ABC is ° and the
s(33m) = 120, what is the value of s(3m) ? smaller one ° then what is the value of – ?
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(1+2) 1
N 69
(1+3)
17. Let a, b, c be distinct positive integers such
R3 that b + c – a, c + a – b and a + b – c are all
perfect squares. What is the largest possible
R1 x=4 value of a + b + c smaller than 100?
[R1] = + 31 + 2 + 3 Answer (91)
[R2] = + 3 – 1 – 2 Sol. b + c – a = m2
[R3] = + 2 – 1 – 3 c + a – b = n2
[R4] = – 1 – 2 – 3
a + b – c = p2
So [R1] + [R4] = 2 + 21 and
[R2] + [R3] = 2 – 21 a b c m2 n2 p2
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Sol. First we are going to find BMD. Now let a point L on the circle. N be the mid-
K point of DL.
In DLY ; CN || YL and in DLX ; AN || LX
M
So ANC = XLY = 90
C B X ANC 2 BMD
Finally tan2
2 cot 2 2
D
A
Y 23. Let t be the area of a regular pentagon with
each side equal to 1. Let P(x) = 0 be the
polynomial equation with least degree, having
integer coefficients, satisfied by x = t and the
gcd of all the coefficients equal to 1. If M is the
We draw a circle having centre A and radius
sum of the absolute values of the coefficients
28. K will be any point on the circle.
of P(x). What is the integer closest to M ?
sin18
Extend CB to intersect the circle (at X) as
shown. 5 1 / 2.
Extend DA to intersect the circle (at X) as This question should be Bonus.
shown. But Answer 16 is calculated according to
AX || BC and AC = BX = 10 5 1
sin18° actual value
hence ACBX is a parallelogram. 4
Similarly extend DC to intersect the circle (at 24. For n 1, let an be the number beginning with
Y) as shown. n 9's followed by 744; e.g., a4 = 9999744. Define
f(n) = max{m N | 2m divides an}, for n 1. Find
CY || AB and AC = BY f(1) + f(2) + f(3) + ..... + f(10).
hence CABY is also a parallelogram. Answer (75)
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Sol. 3
b 9m
a1 = 9744 = 104 – 256 m
a2 = 99744 = 105 – 256 m 3 or m 1
But at m = 1, c = 3 (which is not possible)
b = 27 – 1 = 26
a5 = 108 – 256 = (104)2 – (24)2 = (104 + 24)(104 – 24) 26. A friction-less board has the shape of an
= 24 × (626)(102 – 22)(102 + 22) equilateral triangle of side length 1 meter with
bouncing walls along the sides. A tiny super
= 213 × (313 × 13 × 3) bouncy ball is fired from vertex A towards the
a6 = 109 – 256 side BC. The ball bounces off the walls of the
board nine times before it hits a vertex for the
first time. The bounces are such that the angle
a10 = 1013 – 256
of incidence equals the angle of reflection. The
Now. F(1) = 4 distance traveled by the ball in meters is of the
F(2) = 5 form N, where N is an integer. What is the
value of N?
F(3) = 6
Answer (31)
F(4) = 7 hitting
Sol. vertex
F(5) = 13 8 9 B
5 6 7
and F(6) = ..... = F(10) = 8 3 4
12 1
F(1) + F(2) + ..... + F(10) = 40 + 35 A
1 1 1 1 1 C
= 75 Let AB = x
c 3 m2
Honey
∵ c is integer, m Integer drop Ant
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Answer (36)
3
Sol. If we cut the cone along the slant height. It can ∵ sin10
10
be opened as a sector of circle. The radius of
this arc will be slant height of the cone and
perimeter of base circle of cone is now the 20 3 200 3
BC
length of this arc. 97 3 3 97
2 × 14 = 21 × 10 10
4
347
3 BC 27
13
2
The ant has to cover the angle and cross 29. Let ABC be an acute angled triangle with AB =
3
over the circular edge of the arc. 15 and BC = 8. Let D be a point on AB such
The shortest path is shown in the diagram. that BD = BC. Consider points E on AC such
that DEB = BEC. If denotes the product of
Ant
all possible values of AE, find [] the integer
21 part of .
2 60°
Answer (68)
21
Sol. There are only two possible locations of point
E.
Honey drop Case I :
The shortest path length B
2 8
21 21
2 (21)2 2 (21) cos60 8 D
2 2 7
C A
E
1 1
d 2 21 1
4 2 Point E lies on the circumcircle of BCD
d 21 3 because chords of equal length subtend equal
[d] = 36 angles on circumference.
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7
2 x x 3
8 15 then {x} [x]
...(ii) 19
AC 2x 7 x 23
8
3 1
(i) × (ii) Clearly [x] 0,
19 2
105 15
1 2
23 19
[x] 0,
[] = 68 6
30. For any real number x, let [x] denote the [x] = 0, 1, 2, 3 and corresponding value of
integer part of x; {x} be the fractional part of x
({x} = x – [x]). Let A denote the set of all real 3 6 9
{x} 0, , ,
19 19 19
1
x + [x] + x +
2 . 1
numbers x satisfying {x} = If {x} ,1
20 2
10