Workshop on Structural Safety and

Infrastructure Management
Lloyd’s Register, London, 24th May 2017

Drive-by monitoring bridge damage detection using Velocity

Instantaneous Curvature
D. Martínez*, E.J. OBrien and A. Malekjafarian
UCD School of Civil Engineering
*daniel..martinezotero@ucd.ie
Drive-by monitoring
Direct monitoring advantages: Direct monitoring issues
• Continuous readings • Power supply
• Satisfactory solution for bridges • Sensor installation
at high risk. • Cost (esp. for small bridges)
Indirect monitoring (drive-by monitoring)
• Sensors installed in the vehicle
• Traffic Speed Deflectometer (TSD)
• Laser Doppler Vibrometers (LDV)
• LDV measuring relative velocity

A sample section header

Damage Indicators
• Difference Ratio (DR) and Moving Average Difference (MAD).
𝑑𝑎𝑚𝑎𝑔𝑒𝑑 ℎ𝑒𝑎𝑙𝑡ℎ𝑦
𝑉𝐼𝐶𝑎𝑣𝑒𝑟𝑎𝑔𝑒 (x)−𝑉𝐼𝐶𝑎𝑣𝑒𝑟𝑎𝑔𝑒 (x)
• DR x = ℎ𝑒𝑎𝑙𝑡ℎ𝑦 × 100 %
min 𝑉𝐼𝐶𝑎𝑣𝑒𝑟𝑎𝑔𝑒
1 (N−1)/2 𝑑𝑎𝑚𝑎𝑔𝑒𝑑 1 (N−1)/2 ℎ𝑒𝑎𝑙𝑡ℎ𝑦
j=−(N−1)/2 𝑉𝐼𝐶𝑎𝑣𝑒𝑟𝑎𝑔𝑒 (x) − 𝑉𝐼𝐶𝑎𝑣𝑒𝑟𝑎𝑔𝑒 (x)
N N j=−(N−1)/2
• MAD x = ℎ𝑒𝑎𝑙𝑡ℎ𝑦 × 100 (%)
min 𝑉𝐼𝐶𝑎𝑣𝑒𝑟𝑎𝑔𝑒
Curvature damage detection
M(x)
• Accurate damage location in MAD.
• κ(x) = • No false positive risk using MAD.
EI
• If EI Curvature
• Curvature calculation: differentiate the deflection of the bridge (v) twice.
• Instantaneous Curvature (IC) calculated from the vehicle measurements.
v x−∆x,t −2v x,t +v x+∆x,t
• IC x, t =
∆x2

• Deflection contour plot

• Y axis Bridge position
• X axis TSD vehicle position
• Collected moving measurements represented by a line.
• Minimum of three sensors needed for IC calculation.
• High sensitivity of IC, but not enough deflection measurement accuracy.
• TSD relative velocities (q) used for calculation.
• Velocity Instantaneous Curvature (VIC)
q x−∆x,t −2q x,t +q x+∆x,t
• VIC x, t =
∆x2
• 6 LDV obtaining 4 VIC values
VIC123 x +VIC234 x +VIC345 x +VIC456 x
• VIC𝑎𝑣𝑒𝑟𝑎𝑔𝑒 x =
4
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