Article 1 Article 2
Reference Ahmad, M., & Shah, S.K. (2019). «A Critical
Discourse Analysis of Gender Representations
in the Content of 5th Grade English Language
Textbook», International and Multidisciplinary
Journal of Social Sciences, 8(1), 1-24. DOI:
10.17583/rimcis.2019.3989
Structure Abstract; Introduction; Review of Related
Literature; Research Methodology; Results;
Discussion; Conclusion; References; Author(s)
Bio data.
Research Content selected for the study: book of English
method, language taught to the students of Grade-5 for
pros and the academic year 2017-18 in public and
cons private schools in Punjab, Pakistan.
Data analysis: two types of analysis, (a)
content analysis, a systematic study of non-
living data forms, cultural products and texts;
and (b) critical discourse analysis (CDA), which
explores the relationship between linguistic
choices within the texts and talks with regard
to particular socio-cultural contexts in which
these texts and talk function.
Procedure for analysis: application of the
eight-factor procedure, as adapted from
Amerian and Esmaili (2015), to examine the
content of the said textbook in a systematic
way i.e. inclusion/exclusion of males and
females, male and female societal role, male
and female semantic role, male and female
Article 3
Rozanov, T. (2016). «Language and Identity
Explored», Journal of Arts & Humanities, 5 (6):
1-8. DOI: 10.18533/journal.v5i6.948
Abstract; Introduction; four sections of theory
and research on the topic; Conclusion;
References.
This is a theoretical overview of existing
research, theories, and opposing perspectives
related to the relationship between language
and identity, and considers complications such
as historical russification, religious influence,
socioeconomic factors, and education with
regards to the Ukrainian and post-Soviet
context.
The theoretical examination allowed exploring
the relationship between language and
identity, discussing issues faced in linguistic
research, presenting other cases in support of
such relationship, as well as illustrating the
significance of language and its effects on
political and social change.
Pros: listing previous studies in regards to
language and identity in different contexts
provided a variety of research methods: (a)
fieldwork data, by Bocale (2015) that the
Alqahtani, S. N. & Abdelhalim, S. M.
(2020). «Gender-based Study of Interactive
Metadiscourse Markers in EFL Academic
Writing», Theory and Practice in Language
Studies, 10 (10): 1315-1325. DOI:
10.17507/tpls.1010.20
Abstract; Introduction (Purpose and
Questions of the Study, Significance of the
Study); Literature Review; Methodology;
Results and Discussion; Conclusion;
References; Author(s) Bio data.
Research Design: a descriptive
comparative study, consisting of a mixed
method approach (quantitative as well as
qualitative), in which the data is collected
qualitatively and analyzed quantitatively
and qualitatively, using frequencies of the
metadiscourse markers. The study sample
included sixty (30 male and 30 female)
Saudi EFL undergraduates; joining the
College of Languages and Translation, Al-
Imam Mohammad bin Saud Islamic
University.
Data Collection and Research
Instruments: The instrument for collecting
data was an essay writing test. The data
consisted of (60) opinion essays, ranging
from (250) to (300) words, the corpus of
the study altogether consisted of (17,000)
words. The interpersonal model of Hyland
titles, masculine generic construction, order of
appearance, activities both genders involved in
and pictorial representation of both sexes.
Pros: By implementing CDA, detailed linguistic
analysis is integrated with critical theory, to
understand how institutional discourse serves
to both reflect and construct unequal power
relations. This understanding is designed to
contribute to social change.
Cons: CDA may fall short as a research
instrument because of its overly qualitative,
interpretative, or subjective character.
Moreover, analysis of just ONE textbook may
not yield generalizations or at least, significant
findings transferable to other contexts.
author deems as questionable as being based
on self-assessment of language competences
and attitudes by means of a survey; and (b)
discourse analysis of hybrid form of an
Ukrainian-Russian dialect known as Surzhyk,
by Zbyr (2015).
Cons: the author agrees with the conclusions
and suggestions presented by Block (2013),
which criticizes the way identity has been
understood and researched, by following a
poststructuralist approach as an individualistic
or collectivistic phenomenon, a view that is
limited in scope. There comes the need to look
closer at demographic categories such as race,
ethnicity, gender, social class, national identity
and others.
(2005) was employed as an instrument to
analyze interactive metadiscourse markers
used in the students’ written texts.
Data Analysis and the Study Procedure:
The sixty essays in two consecutive stages.
The focus of stage one was on examining
the possible similarities and differences
between males and females in the usage
of the interactive metadiscourse markers,
based on Hyland’s (2005) classification,
electronically with the help of a
computational linguistic tool called
‘AntConc software’ and manually in which
the essays were read word by word
carefully. Stage two focused on examining
the type and frequency and of
metadiscourse markers then compare the
results of the two gender groups using the
concordance analysis tool AntConc
software. In the quantitative analysis,
three analytical procedures were used, the
frequency of occurrence per 1000 words,
the proportional percentages of
metadiscourse categories to the total use,
and the Chi-square test, to increase the
results’ accuracy.
Pros: by implementing mixed-methods,
applied linguist researchers are now
capable of addressing more complex
problems using more sophisticated
research designs drawing on and

Major The research findings unveiled gender-biased
findings representations in the textbook analyzed. The
researchers found evidence that shows how
the textbook appears to be systematically
manipulated in favor of males, showing
females in comparatively dependent and
inferior positions.
The many complications to the relationship
between language and identity have been
unveiled by presenting relevant theories,
cases, and research.
There is the need to approach language and
identity from a psychological angle, oriented
on individual thought patterns and processes,
and as an addition to the predominant social
focus.
integrating both quantitative and
qualitative methods.
Cons: the use of mixed method in a
research project in a particular could be
difficult to handle especially when one
researcher is involved in the study (in this
article there are two researchers). It is
complex; it is necessary to learn about
both qualitative and quantitative methods
and techniques in order to understand the
best way to mix them appropriately.
Results obtained from both quantitative
and qualitative analysis indicated
significant gender variations between
Saudi male and female EFL majors in
interactive metadiscourse markers use.
The major gender differences were
marked in the general usage of interactive
markers.
It has been proved that females are more
status-conscious than males. Accordingly,
they tend to use more standard precise
expressions such as metadiscourse
markers in their writings.
It was found that there was a significant
difference between the two genders in
terms of making use of interactive
metadiscourse markers namely transitions,
frame markers, code glosses.