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divided into two distinct, independent populations, smokers and non-smokers. Then
data on their absences from work for the previous year were obtained and used in
this statistical inference. Because of a strong association between smoking and
ill-health, it is generally accepted that smokers miss more work than their non-
smoking counterparts. Does the smoker miss more work than the non-smoker? Data from
these random samples were used to draw a conclusion….
RANDOMDATA SAMPLESLISTING
Employee 1 10 Employee 1 5
Employee 2 8 Employee 2 9
Employee 3 18 Employee 3 2
Employee 4 8 Employee 4 10
Employee 5 11 Employee 5 12
Employee 6 17 Employee 6 11
Employee 7 19 Employee 7 6
Employee 8 21 Employee 8 9
Employee 9 16 Employee 9 12
Employee 10 2 Employee 10 8
Employee 11 4 Employee 11 4
Employee 12 12 Employee 12 7
Employee 13 11 Employee 13 13
Employee 14 6 Employee 14 6
Employee 15 9 Employee 15 7
Employee 16 13 Employee 16 11
Employee 17 24 Employee 17 10
Employee 18 15 Employee 18 18
Employee 19 14 Employee 19 20
Employee 20 3 Employee 20 4
Employee 21 0 Employee 21 10
Employee 22 9 Employee 22 2
Employee 23 11 Employee 23 8
Employee 24 19 Employee 24 5
Employee 25 10 Employee 25 10
STATISTICAL ANALYSISOUTPUT
Smokers Non-Smokers
Observations 25 25
df 24 24
F 1.971136924
Smokers Non-Smokers
Observations 25 25
df 48
t Stat 1.892940764
The data source used in this inference was found through a search engine,
http://www.google.com. After hours of surfing the web and grueling through mounds
of data I used two of the random samples found at
http://lad.org/issues/News/horizon.html.
For this statistical inference, the question was whether the means were truly
different or could they have been samples from the same population. To do draw a
conclusion, we must first assume normal distribution. We must also set the null
hypothesis to m1 - m2 = 0. And per this assignment we must set the a-level at .05
and the hypothesis alternative to m1 - m2 ¹ 0; thus requiring a two-tailed test.
The random samples have a mean of 11.6 days absent for the smoker and 8.76 days
absent for the non-smoker. All of my calculations were done using the data analysis
tool in Excel but can be done manually with given equations: