1 - History, Information and Overview PDF

Lesson 1:
HISTORY, INFORMATION
AND OVERVIEW
Lesson HISTORY OF EDUCATIONAL
1.1
TECHNOLOGY
Lesson 1.1 Objective
History of Educational Technology
Trace the development of

education under the different
era and the corresponding
educational technology used.
Lesson 1.1 1. Education during the Ancient Times
During the ancient civilization, man

started to use pointed sticks to
inscript signs and symbols on the
leaves of trees and knives for the bark
of trees
At about 3100 B.C. the Egyptians
devised a system of picture writing
called hieroglyphics.
Hieroglyphics symbols usually

represent a sound or a group of
sound
This development gave rise to the
class known as scribes, a group of
men trained in the art of writing.
Scribes came to be the country’s
chronicler of events
In ancient Greece, the Spartan

education emphasized the
development of the physical bod
coupled with discipline.
The boys underwent exercises and
activities that promoted bodily strength,
endurance and vitality.
The girls on the other hand stayed by
their mother who taught them the
rudiments of housekeeping and
motherhood.
In Athens, recognition is given for its

being the first to recognize the right of
the individual to develop the fullest.
Believed that the mind and the body has
a strong relationship, thus activities to
develop both were the prime concerns in
the music schools, the grammar schools
and the public gymnasiums or palaestra.
Lesson 1.1 2. Education during the Medieval Era
The establishment of the Medieval

University was an important milestone in
educational development.
Emperor Frederick I of Bologna in 1158
chartered the first university.
Degrees offered were expanded which
required students to engage in more in
depth studies and to write their theses,
defend them in public before the deans,
facultas and rectors.
Lesson 1.1 2. Education during the Medieval Era
 The Saracens or the Arabs among the Moors of Spain

gave a significant contribution in determining the
direction of what educational technology is today.
The aim of their education was search for knowledge
and the application of scientific facts to their daily
lives.
Their curriculum was the most organized and
complete in the elementary, secondary and
collegiate levels.
Their universities and libraries were the models in the
entire Europe because they invented the printing
press.
Also originated the scientific method of teaching.
Lesson 1.1 3. Education during the Renaissance Period
This period had three main lines of

concern:
The intellectual to which education
belongs,
the aesthetic, and
scientific
Along the intellectual development,

movements like Humanism,
Reformation, Realism, Disciplinism
and Rationalism contributed to the
development of educational
technology especially along theories
and practices.
Bacon, Rabelais, Vives and Milton

advanced their own ideas about education
John Locke
came out with his idea about the nature of
the child’s mind at birth in Tabulas Rasa
Johann Amos Comenius
recognized for developing the first picture
book known as Orbis Pictus (The World in
Pictures).
considered as the pioneer in instructional
technology development.
Maria Montessori
contributed her own ideas about
teaching, which is the use of multi-
sensory materials to teaching
still use in Montessori schools of today.
Lesson 1.1 4. Education during the Age of Naturalism
Jean Jacques Rousseau

notable figure during this age
his educational views were contained in
a book titled Emile, which he authored.
aim of education was the preservation of
the natural goodness of the individual
and the formation of society based upon
the recognition of natural individuals
rights.
Herbart
came out with the five formal steps to
teaching now known as the Herbartian
Method of Teaching with the following
steps
Preparation
Presentation
Comparison and abstraction
Generalization
Application
Peztallozi
believed that teaching is more effective if it
proceeds from concrete to abstract, hence
the use of actual and real objects that
involve most of the senses.
Froebel
known as the Father of Kindergarten
emphasized the use of actual objects,
which could be manipulated by the
learners.
recommended the use of play and songs
Lesson 1.1 5. Educational Movements in the 19th Century
The famous works in this era are:

John Dewey
an American Pragmatist, formulated
the scientific theory learning
Edward Lee Thorndike
a Connectionist, advanced the three
primary laws of learning
This era paved the way to the

development of effective
educational technology
production of books
use of blackboards
improvement of writing implements
like pen and ink
Photography was invented giving way to

a movement called visual instruction.
In 1920, visual media became widely
accepted
Publication of audio-visual media texts
In 1926, educational films were used as
instructional media
In 1932, the first instructional television
program was aired ate the State
University of Iowa.
The experiences of the American

soldiers showed the importance of
educational devices such as movies,
filmstrips, radio and other pictorial
devices during World War II as used in
military trainings.
Lesson 1.1 6. Education in Contemporary Times
The 2nd millennium saw the pervasiveness

of educational technology in all aspects
of educational organization and
management.
Most schools have already adopted the
computerization of records, entrance
procedures and all other aspects of
administration and supervision.
Computer applications were already

integrated in the curricular offerings in
schools.
Teachers and students were
encouraged to make use of computer
assisted instructions or CAI.
Internet and email have become tools
for what is known has fast-paced
interactive learning, communications
and search for information.
This era saw the production of

computer schools, internet cafes and
computer centers to serve the
increasing need of computer
services.
A REVIEW OF EDUCATIONAL
TECHNOLOGY 1
Lesson 1.2 The Meaning of Educational Technology
A Review of Educational Technology 1
Educational technology is the

development, application and
evaluation of systems, techniques
and aids to improve the process of
human learning (Council for
Educational technology for the UK:
cited by Lucido, 1997).
Educational Technology is a systematic

way of designing, implementing and
evaluating the total learning and
teaching in terms of specific objectives
based on research in human learning
and communication; and employing a
combination of human and non-human
resources to bring about more effective
instruction (Commission on Instructional
Technology, USA: cited by Lucido, 1997).
Simply stated, educational

technology is the application of the
results of researches and studies,
material or non-material to improve
teaching and learning.
Lesson 1.2
The Educational Technoloy1
course has truly paved the

way for the learner to become
aware, appreciative and to
use educational technology
tools ranging from traditional
to modern educational
media.
Lesson 1.2
The learner was also oriented
towards adverting the dangers

of dehumanization which
technology brings into society.
Ideological propaganda
Pornography
Financial fraud
Exploitation use of Technology
Lesson 1.2 4 Phases of Application Teaching-and-
Learning
1. Setting of learning
objective
4. Revision or
2. Designing specific
improvement of
learning
instructional
experiences
objective
3. Evaluating the
effectiveness of the
learning
experiences
Lesson 1.2 Adding the Technology sophistication
of the learner, Educational Technology
1 fittingly refined the distinction

between educational technology and
other concepts, such as instructional
technology (which is the use of
technology in instruction, different from
school management), educational
media (or equipment and materials,
apart from the teacher himself) and
audiovisual aids (or learning media to
stir the senses for more effective
learning).
Lesson 1.2 Educational Technology 1 served:
1. To orient the learner to the

pervasiveness of educational
technology in society.
2. To lend familiarization on how

educational technology can be
utilized as media for the avenues
teaching-learning process in the
school.
3. To uplift human learning through

the use of learning technology.
4. Impart skills in planning, designing,

using and evaluating the
technology-enriched teaching-
learning process.
5. To introduce the learner to what is

recognized as the third revolution in
education, the computer.
AN OVERVIEW OF
EDUCATIONAL
TECHNOLOGY 2
Lesson 1.3
Educational Technology 2 is
An Overview of Educational Technology 2
concerned with “Integrating

Technology into Teaching and
Learning.”
Lesson 1.3
It focus on:
Introducing
Reinforcing
Supplementing and
Extending the knowledge
and skills to learners
Lesson 1.3
Necessarily, Educational Technology
2 will involve a deeper understanding
of the computer as well as hands-on

application of computer skills. But this
is not to say that the goal of the
course is to promote computer skills.
Rather, the course is primarily
directed at enhancing teaching-
and-learning through technology
integration.
Lesson 1.3 The course objectives are:
To provide education in the use of

technology in instruction by providing
knowledge and skills on technology
integration-in-instruction to learners;
To impart learning experiences in

instructional technology-supported
instructional planning;
To acquaint students on Information

Technology or IT-related learning
theories with computer as a tutor;
To learn to use and evaluate

computer-based educational
resources;
To engage learners on practical

technology integration issues
including managing IT classrooms,
use of the internet for learning,
cooperative learning through the use
of information technology; and
To inculcate higher level thinking and

creativity among students while
providing them knowledge of IT
related learning theories.
Lesson 1.3
While the course is primarily
intended for the use of student
teachers, it can also be of great use

to professional teachers, school
administrators, teacher educators,
and in fact anyone who is interested
on how information technology can
be used to improve not only
instruction but the school
management program and
curriculum.

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Lesson 1:

Trace the development of

During the ancient civilization, man

Hieroglyphics symbols usually

In ancient Greece, the Spartan

In Athens, recognition is given for its

The establishment of the Medieval

 The Saracens or the Arabs among the Moors of Spain

This period had three main lines of

Along the intellectual development,

Bacon, Rabelais, Vives and Milton

Jean Jacques Rousseau

The famous works in this era are:

This era paved the way to the

Photography was invented giving way to

The experiences of the American

The 2nd millennium saw the pervasiveness

Computer applications were already

This era saw the production of

Educational technology is the

Educational Technology is a systematic

Simply stated, educational

course has truly paved the

towards adverting the dangers

1 fittingly refined the distinction

1. To orient the learner to the

2. To lend familiarization on how

3. To uplift human learning through

4. Impart skills in planning, designing,

5. To introduce the learner to what is

concerned with “Integrating

of the computer as well as hands-on

To provide education in the use of

To impart learning experiences in

To acquaint students on Information

To learn to use and evaluate

To engage learners on practical

To inculcate higher level thinking and

teachers, it can also be of great use

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