MULUNGUSHI UNIVERSITY

NAME: PATRICK MALAMA

S/N: 201800617

PROGRAME: HUMAN RESOURCE MANAGEMENT

COURSE: ORGANISTIONAL DEVELOPMENT

COURSE CODE: BHR 331

QUESTION: CHANGE MANAGEMENT ACTIVITIES ARE STRATEGIC PROGRAMES WHICH ARE

AIMED AT IMPROVING ORGANISATION PROCESS, STRUCTURES, POLICY, STRATEGIES AND

CULTURE. EXPLIAN IN DETAIL WHAT IS INVOLVED IN THEORY AND PRACTICE GIVING EXAMPLE

OF A FORM IN THE MANUFACTURE OF SOFT DRINKS IN ZAMBIA.

Organisations exist or operate in an ever changing environment reason why it is not easy for any
organisation to ignore change management or processes. Change is inevitable and for every
organisation to be effective and efficient, the organisation should be willing to change and follow
a well-planned change process.

Taking for example, trade kings a soft drink Zambian manufacturing company which has been
lacking effectiveness and efficiency in the last three years hypothetically. Can follow the
following points in order to achieve efficiency and effectiveness.

Like any other organisation, Trade Kings operates in order to maximise profit, this means
competitors and other internal and external factors will greatly affect their performance.

Since organisational development involves strategic planning, it is best to first consider

analysing the organisations problems, the causes of low efficiency and effectiveness, are the
structures properly designed or they need restructuring. It is important to check exactly what can
be causing the bad performance in the manufacturing organisation or otherwise the change plan
might fail if not properly analysed.

Being an employee or manager at trade kings for so long can affect how one analyses the
organisation and for this reason, the organisation benefits from hiring a consultant because they
tend to look at the organisation from a different perspective. Organizational development
consultants are experts in organization change structuring and dynamics, while organization
members of trade kings will be there to provide insights on the actual experiences or realities.
The process is called Self renewal or learning how to learn, teaching client’s skills and
knowledge required for continuous improvement.

Using the three types of consultant models, the OD consultant gathers information that will be
used to come up with a very good change plan. The first model which is purchase model, the
consultant in this case analyses other soft drink beverage manufactures that are performing well,
figuring out what kind of strategies are being used by the strong competitors.

The doctor patient model involves recognizing the main internal problem that might be affecting
trade kings, the other model is process consulting model which is the final step the consultant
takes, diagnosing the problems in the organization which include, the long hours employees
maybe taking to produce low outputs.
By using the SWOT analysis, the consultant helps the organization to identify its weakness and
strengths, and how they can be improved, part of these steps maybe incorporated with coming up
with the change plan.

Organisational development consultants will seek to improve trade king’s handling of internal
processes in dealing with situations such as change, decision making, leadership style, harmful
conflict, build trust, teamwork and communication.

Organisational development also involves action research and partly what the consultant does is
part of or plays a part in the action research. Evaluating the current state of Trade kings is the
first step of the consultant but also the first step in action research. It’s clear that understanding
the status quo helps with the first step in planning.

When the problem has been traced in the manufacturing industry and the solutions have been
recognise, the organisation will not just randomly initiate a change process. Trade kings will first
set objectives to be achieved in the plan, this maybe include efficiency, effectiveness and profit
maximisation or beating its other beverage competitors.

Setting policy for change, formulating structures for change and strategy, all these have to be
done considering the SMART theory for effective planning. Daily operational plans also have to
be planned for in order to change performance of workers, this may include changing the shifts
of workers and making the jobs more exciting for the workers.

After a well panned change has been drafted, the time to initiate will follow. However change
sometimes will not always be fully accepted, workers at Trade kings may resist change if they
believe their current way of operating is okay, if they do not understand the change and this
maybe because they were not fully involved in the plan or maybe the plan was just too bulk that
it led to information over load and sometimes people are just afraid of change because of
uncertainties.

As a manager or a member of the change programme team, its best to make sure that workers are
fully engaged in the change process to avoid resistance. Using the psychological approach of
changing behaviour by Kurt Lewin may also help with changing resistant behaviour of workers.
The three steps by Lewin, which are unfreezing, this may involve getting rid of the old
behaviours and structures that maybe affecting performance and this may include unapprised
workers at trade kings. Rearranging which is the second phase will involve bringing in new
ideas, appraising and rewarding workers for good performance can be one of them.

The last phase which in refreezing is a stage where the organisation will be comfortable with the
changes made and will make sure things become better or remain like that.

In conclusion change management is a concept that denotes the importance of managing human
emotions and employee concerns when major changes are made. Trade Kings should not ignore
the effect of change on employees regarding their other social areas apart from work because it
affects the whole of a human being’s life. Change is important not just to an organisation but all
experts of life in general, therefore change management helps humans and organisations adapt to
an ever changing environment. The measure of intelligence is the ability to change (Albert
Einstein).