UNIVERSITY OF THE CORDILLERAS ODC Form 1A

College of Nursing ACTUAL DELIVERY

FORM
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ACUTE RENAL FAILURE (ARF)

Veloria, Mikko
Daet, Alyssa Joi
Dulawan, Natalie

BSN3-F (NCM 112 theory)

September 17,2020

ACUTE RENAL FAILURE

Acute kidney failure occurs when your kidneys suddenly become unable to filter waste products
from your blood. When your kidneys lose their filtering ability, dangerous levels of wastes may
accumulate, and your blood's chemical makeup may get out of balance.

Acute kidney failure also called acute renal failure or acute kidney injury —develops rapidly,
usually in less than a few days. Acute kidney failure is most common in people who are already
hospitalized, particularly in critically ill people who need intensive care.

Acute kidney failure can be fatal and requires intensive treatment. However, acute kidney failure
may be reversible. If you're otherwise in good health, you may recover normal or nearly normal
kidney function.

CAUSATIVE/ETIOLOGY

 Pre-renal: Something is affecting blood flow to the kidneys, and these organs are unable
to work correctly. Examples of these causes include low blood pressure, excess blood
loss, and dehydration. It could be because of an infection, Liver failure,
Medications (aspirin, ibuprofen, naproxen, or COX-2 inhibitors like Celebrex), Blood
pressure medications, Heart failure, Serious burns or dehydration, Blood or fluid loss

 Post-renal: Something is blocking the ureters where urine leaves the kidneys, which is
affecting how the organs work. Underlying causes of this include kidney stones, cancer,
and an enlarged prostate in men, cervical, colon, blood clots in your urinary tract, nerve in
your bladder.

 Intrinsic renal: A medical condition damages the kidneys, or something inside is not
working as well as it once did. Common causes of this include kidney infections, blood
clots in the kidneys, or other medical conditions. Taking medications known to damage
the kidneys can also be a cause.

ASSESSMENT FINDINGS

 Decreased urine output, although occasionally urine output remains normal

 Fluid retention, causing swelling in your legs, ankles or feet

 Shortness of breath

 Fatigue

 Confusion

 Nausea
  Weakness

 Irregular heartbeat

 Chest pain or pressure

 Seizures or coma in severe cases

NURSING INTERVENTION AND MANAGEMENT

 Monitor fluid and electrolyte balance. The nurse monitors the patient’s fluid and
electrolyte levels and physical indicators of potential complications during all phases pf
the disorder.
 Reducing metabolic rate. Bed rest is encouraged and fever and infection are prevented
or treated promptly.
 Promoting pulmonary function. The patient is assisted to turn, cough, and take deep
breaths frequently to prevent atelectasis and respiratory tract infection.
 Preventing infection. Asepsis is essential with invasive lines and catheters to minimize
the risk of infection and increased metabolism.
 Providing skin care. Bathing the patient with cool water, frequent turning, and keeping
the skin clean and well moisturized and keeping the fingernails trimmed to avoid
excoriation are often comforting and prevent skin breakdown.
 Provide safety measures. Patient with CNS involvement may be dizzy or confused.

Drug of Choice:

 Norepinephrine and Bumetanide (noradrenaline, Bumex)