MID term Examination

Course name: Business Information System

Course code: EMBA 5401

Submitted by: Md. Abdullah Al Mahmud

ID: EMBA 190303

Submitted to:

Mehedi Hasan Md. Hefzur Rahman

Professor

Business Administration Discipline

Khulna University

Date of Submission: 16 november, 2020.

Question 1. What are the challenges that are facing Swedish healthcare system and is it possible
to turn these challenges into opportunity?

Answer:

The challenges that are facing Swedish Healthcare system with Information system support are
described below and how to turn these challenge into opportunities ae given below:

Challenges facing by Swedish Healthcare system:

i. Lack of a holistic system for information access: Holistic system in medicine means
treatment of the whole person, taking into account mental and social factors, rather than
just the symptoms of a disease. Interoperability of health care information hampers
access of patients information. It causes inefficiency problem such as inefficient
workflows, unnecessary waiting time for patients, For example, before a patient
encounters a doctor, doctors have to access a several system to know about the patient.
Though there are several systems, doctors does not get clear information about the
patient, physician and patient loss a valuable time in these process.
ii. Manual Handling of information: Much of the information that are collected and
managed are handled manually which can be misinterpreted.
iii. Nonstandard unstructured information: unstructured information in the HER has been
identified as challenging. As it is unstructured, it could be time consuming for reviewing
annually. It is difficult to extract important information. Different terminology is another
problem.
iv. Lack of care coordination between departments: It refers to the deliberate organization of
patient care activities between two or more participants involved in patients care to
facilitate the appropriate delivery of healthcare services The coordination of the patient
care is challenging due to interoperability issues.
v. Usability issues: Healthcare practitioners want that future information systems must meet
the requirements for usability. Interoperability problem results in double documentation,
suboptimal use of resources and risk of assessment of diferent patients report.
vi. Complex information flows: The healthcare sector is an information and a knowledge
intensive organization comprising a large number of complex information flows.
 Healthcare practitioners found it difficult to orient themselves among these complex
information flows. Interoperability issues complicated the situation even more.
vii. Incoming information from referrals is incomplete: it is not possible for healthcare
practitioners or patients to electronically fill in and send a care request, and incoming
care requests from primary care usually lack important information. The healthcare
practitioners emphasized that this is one of the reasons why patients do not receive care
within a reasonable time.

It is possible to turn these challenges into opportunity by using PSS (Product Service System) in
Healthcare system:

i. The patient processes is in focus: It support challenge 1, 2 and partly challenge 6. A

patient usually gets care from different healthcare practitioners. Each of these actors
generates information that is needed by one another. Therefore, the PSS focus on the
patient process through healthcare and on the information that is needed during this
process, making sure that practitioners always have easy access to patient information
ii. The PSS is based on standardized information: It supports challenge 3. Having the right
information when it is needed is a challenge. To improve the availability of information,
it is essential that the information is standardized and structured. To achieve this
requirement in the PSS, the information content of the national quality registers for
selected diagnoses has been used.
iii. Efficient information flows: It supports challenge 6. By adopting a process-oriented
approach the information flows can be more efficient. The PSS can ensure that patients
and practitioners always perform the correct activities during the different parts of the
process. The challenge here, particularly in today’s decentralized healthcare, is to
determine which healthcare provider that should be responsible for performing which
work activities and who should provide a specific type of information to the PSS.
iv. Digital booking and coordination of patient treatments and examinations: It supports
challenge 4. The process support enables electronic booking and coordination of the
patients’ treatments and examinations. It is also possible to follow the status of these
activities.
 v. Enhanced security: It is a prerequisite for all key design principles In the current version
of the PSS no specific technical security solutions are implemented. Instead, the PSS is
based on the current national system for secure identification and access controls,
included existing secure infrastructure platforms.
vi. Increased coordination with secure infrastructure It supports challenge 4.
vii. Electronic care request: It supports challenge 7. The care request within the PSS is based
on standardized checklists designed from national quality registers. In order to prevent
incomplete referrals, the care request within the PSS is based on mandatory 8th IADIS
International Conference Information Systems 201567 information that must be
completed before it can be forwarded.

Question 2: Please describe this system and its applicability in the context of Bangladesh.
Find the challenges and prospects.

Answer: The e-Health initiative in Bangladesh began in 1998 when the Ministry of Health &
Family Welfare (MOHFW) undertook the Health & Population Sector programs (HPSP) to
enhance efficiency of program implementation. IS and PSS is being given special emphasis due
to the Digital Bangladesh campaign of the present government, which gives special preference to
delivery of health services to citizens through ICT. Different public & private hospitals, NGOs
and private organization introduced a number of e-Health programs and services in the health
sector of the country. There are some challenges and prospects that are given below:

Challenges:

i. Inadequate ICT Infrastructure: Bangladesh has no adequate ICT infrastructural support

such as Computers, Internet network, Printers, and electricity for e-Health. Moreover,
only few percentage of the total population have access to computers.
ii. Financial Problems: The procurement, implementation and use of PSS systems are
expensive.
iii. Resistance of Change: Older administrative staff in hospital sectors of Bangladesh is
familiar with manual system and nobody wants to implement new ideas in an old setup.
 iv. Usability & User Acceptance: Service provider in Government sector in Bangladesh has
good knowledge on MIS applications. But service recipients are not well-known with e-
Health. So their perception about e-Health is not in fine condition.
v. Lack of Policy and Regulation: Healthcare is a sensitive domain where people’s lives are
at risk. If some system is going to be used, proper procedures and rules are needed to be
devised and followed to ensure safe practices of healthcare services otherwise it could
lead to serious consequences.
vi. Interoperability of Systems Most of e-Health systems in developing countries are isolated
because systems developed by different vendors of software, universities, firms and
research institutions. There are interoperability between multiple heterogeneous systems
and compatibility between various platforms.

Prospects:

Adoption of MIS is in its nascent stages in Bangladesh. For this reason development of local
eHealth solutions, research on adoption, studies on usability should be more important. Having a
policy in theory is not enough, implementing rules and policies are needed. The importance of
legal support, national standards and policies are also a great concern in the various study
reported by some researchers. Rules and regulations are important for a new system or current
system more thoroughly. It has been argued that starting point in adoption of e-Health is the
development of national policy. The policymaker and government in Bangladesh should develop
comprehensible national MIS policy and strategies to enable the acceptance of MIS. Most of the
physicians and nurses are not familiar with PSS and the benefits they might bring. There is a
need for training concerning the use of PSS systems. Training for doctors, nurses, even patients
are necessary in familiarizing with e-Health and breaking their fears. The training programs
should be need-based and arranged during the implementation phase of an eHealth project in any
public and private hospitals.